CONSIDERATION OF THE PECULIARITIES OF A PERSON WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN MEDIATOR`S PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study and take into account the behavioral characteristics of a person with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during the mediation procedure and to experimentally test the peculiarities of PTSD in young adults and to study the causal relationship between PTSD and personality resilience. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The diagnosis was carried out using the methods of diagnosing resilience (S. Muddy in the adaptation of D. Leontiev) and the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software package STATISTICA 10. The analysis of the study results included the distribution of the results of the arithmetic mean and the identification of correlations using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The obtained empirical data were processed qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: Results: In the course of the study we found that mediation is the best alternative way to resolve legal disputes with a person with PTSD, as the mediator creates a safe space, an atmosphere of trust, helps to cope with emotions, and, through questioning and other techniques, forms a conscious attitude towards their own needs and interests. Such interaction is empathetic and non-traumatic for a person with PTSD who is a party to mediation. It has been established that the level of PTSD manifestation in young adults affects their level of resilience. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: mediator's work with a person with PTSD requires more activity on the part of the mediator, empathic communication, and possession of skills in dealing with psychotrauma. All decisions made as a result of mediation will be aimed at satisfying the basic need for safety of such a person.

THE IMPACT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE CURRENT HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS CONCEPT.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undeniably transformed the landscape of healthcare, offering unparalleled potential to enhance patient care, streamline diagnostics, and improve overall healthcare outcomes. As AI continues to make its way into the medical field, it has raised crucial questions about regulation, ethics, and patient safety and that is guiding us to the core question - how that will impact current human rights and freedoms concept, and is this concept ready for such an impact? The aim of the research is to identify and evaluate the potential impact of AI introduction in healthcare on modern human rights and freedoms concept, and on the basis of discovered complexities to propose ways to eliminate them. This study was conducted during June-October of 2023. Through a broad literature review, analysis of international and state regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere this paper provide a guide to understanding the impact of AI introduction in healthcare on current human rights and freedoms concept. It is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods.

LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVITY UNDER THE EMERGENCY CONDITIONS: PANDEMIC AND WAR.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Study of the system of pharmaceutical activity legal support in emergency conditions, namely, the period of epidemics outbreak and during the war. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In the mentioned study, we analyze the state of the governmental pharmaceutical policy during the pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Legal norms and doctrinal positions of scientists regarding the above-mentioned issue are studied. The work analyzes the information presented by specialists in various scientific publications, and also uses scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This material is based on dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and complex research methods. This study analyzes the activities of pharmaceutical enterprises in the emergency state and the problem of ensuring patients' rights to medical care and epidemic safety. As part of the above-mentioned methods, we investigated the problems of pharmacies utilizing questionnaires. A survey of representatives of pharmacy chains, managers of purchasing pharmaceutical products and their pricing, in the cities of Kharkiv, Poltava, Kyiv, Mykolaiv and Lviv in the number of 460 specialists, shows negative trends in price gouging. This is a violation of patients' rights to affordable pharmaceutical products. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine was not prepared in advance for extraordinary events, such as a pandemic and martial law, as well as for other natural disasters and foreseeable emergencies. This negatively affected and continues to affect the health of patients.

AMBIENT AIR PROTECTION IN THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND BIOLOGICAL SECURITY LEGAL PROVISION.

The article examines the legal and regulatory basis for ambient air protection as an essential element of the environment that affects biological security the health and livelihoods of the population. Proper legal regulation of ambient air protection is important in the implementation of various measures aimed at preserving its quality and, accordingly, preventing possible adverse effects on human health. Ambient air protection is a certain activity directed at reducing the number of pollutants that get into the air by one means or another. In the process of environmental protection in general and ambient air protection in particular, the legal basis and case law are important components that aimed to minimize the occurrence of potential hazards that could threaten the health and lives of the population, and in case of such situations, identify the causes of their occurrence and respond to them proportionally.

ENSURING THE CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN CASE OF COVID-19 VACCINATIO IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the legal and regulatory framework for ensuring the right to health of patients depending on the legal status of coronavirus vaccines in different countries as an essential element influencing the right to public health and other rights of citizens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In this paper, we study the legal norms and scientific positions on the above issue using generalized information from scientific journals that use scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and complex research methods. Using the above methods, we studied the attitudes of different categories of citizens to vaccination against coronavirus disease through questionnaires on the following issues: attitudes to vaccination in general; motivation for vaccination, in case of consent to vaccination; reasons for refusal of vaccination. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on vaccination and ensuring the rights of citizens to health care was also analyzed. RESULTS: Results: Proper legal regulation of the right to health depending on the legal status of the vaccines is important in order to implement restrictive measures to combat COVID-19 and, accordingly, to prevent the possible spread of a pandemic in the public health system. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Ensuring the right to health and applying restrictive measures to prevent the spread of a pandemic is an essential element of the public health system. However, the question of the legal status of vaccines is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease. That is, it is essential to go through all the stages of clinical trials for the vaccines used. Their safety and effectiveness and proving the fact that the harm of vaccination is much less than the harm of the spread of coronavirus disease. In the process of ensuring the right to health, including by making compulsory vaccination against COVID-19, legal framework and practice are critical components that aim to minimize the potential hazards that threaten the health and lives of the population.

ILLEGAL INTERNET PHARMACIES AS A THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN EUROPE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: This article aims to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the dangers of illegal Internet pharmacies for patient safety and public health, the necessity to improve legal instruments, and unite the efforts of governments, professional organizations, and civil society for combating this activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study is based on the Medicrime Convention, empirical and analytical data of the WHO, Interpol, Europol, NABF, Directive 2011/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 8, 2011, the regulatory acts and juridical practice of Ukraine, experts interview of pharmacy practicians, analysis of websites. Totally 18 laws and papers, 34 court judgments, 50 websites were analyzed, six experts were interviewed. Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, system analyses and sociological research methods were used. RESULTS: Results: Illegal Internet pharmacies are widespread in Europe, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This black market poses a severe threat to patient safety and public health as falsifying, substandard, and smuggled medicines are sold through these channels. Without any exception, all illegal pharmacies sell prescription drugs without any prescriptions. Regulatory and protective legal instruments at the national and international levels are insufficient to counter the Internet trade in medicines. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The widespread proliferation of illegal Internet pharmacies in Europe requires European states to work together to protect patient safety and public health. A legal mechanism needs to be established to exchange information and combat illegal pharmaceutical activities on the Internet at the international level. At the national level, it is necessary to strengthen control over the wholesale of prescription medications to prevent them from entering the black market.

CHALLENGES OF CLASSIFICATION OF STAND-ALONE SOFTWARE AS A MEDICAL DEVICE.

Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA, Ukraine regulation acts, scientific research, and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere, this paper provides a guide to understanding the essence of classification of stand-alone software with medical purpose and specifics of its regulation. This research is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, and comprehensive methods.

LEGAL MEANS OF ENSURING COMPETITION IN PHARMACY.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To research the consequences of pharmacy chains monopolization and establishment of legal means of neutralization of such consequences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study is based on acts of the European Union, the United States, and Ukraine and international regulations and documents on health care. The study's materials were the results of a questionnaire survey of managers and specialists in a pharmacy on marketing contracts. The views of scientists on the above issue were also studied. The study analyzes generalized information from scientific journals using scientific, legal methods. Among the main research methods are systematic approach, analytical, statistical, comparative, dialectical, graphical, and a questionnaire survey of respondents. RESULTS: Results: Consolidation of massive pharmacy chains leads to an artificial increase in drug prices by almost 50 percent, which significantly reduces their availability to patients, and in many cases, makes treatment impossible due to lack of funds. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: As a result of further monopolization of the pharmacy market, the pharmaceutical industry, small pharmacy enterprises, and the complete distribution of medicines will be destroyed.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL PRACTICE: REGULATIVE ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research is to identify specific of AI in healthcare, its nature, and specifics and to establish complexities of AI implementation in healthcare and to propose ways to eliminate them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study was conducted during June-October of 2020. Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere this paper provide a guide to understanding the essence of AI in healthcare and specifics of its regulation. It is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods. RESULTS: Results: One of the first broad definitions of AI sounded like "Artificial Intelligence is the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent ... The central goals of Artificial Intelligence are to make computers more useful and to understand the principles which make intelligence possible." There are two approaches to name this technology - "Artificial intelligence" and "Augmented Intelligence." We prefer to use a more common category of "Artificial intelligence" rather than "Augmented Intelligence" because the last one, from our point of view, leaves much space for "human supervision" meaning, and that will limit the sense of AI while it will undoubtedly develop in future. AI in current practice is interpreted in three forms, they are: AI as a simple electronic tool without any level of autonomy (like electronic assistant, "calculator"), AI as an entity with some level of autonomy, but under human control, and AI as an entity with broad autonomy, substituting human's activity wholly or partly, and we have to admit that the first one cannot be considered as AI at all in current conditions of science development. Description of AI often tends to operate with big technological products like DeepMind (by Google), Watson Health (by IBM), Healthcare's Edison (by General Electric), but in fact, a lot of smaller technologies also use AI in the healthcare field - smartphone applications, wearable health devices and other examples of the Internet of Things. At the current stage of development AI in medical practice is existing in three technical forms: software, hardware, and mixed forms using three main scientific-statistical approaches - flowchart method, database method, and decision-making method. All of them are useable, but they are differently suiting for AI implementation. The main issues of AI implementation in healthcare are connected with the nature of technology in itself, complexities of legal support in terms of safety and efficiency, privacy, ethical and liability concerns. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The conducted analysis makes it possible to admit a number of pros and cons in the field of AI using in healthcare. Undoubtedly this is a promising area with a lot of gaps and grey zones to fill in. Furthermore, the main challenge is not on technology itself, which is rapidly growing, evolving, and uncovering new areas of its use, but rather on the legal framework that is clearly lacking appropriate regulations and some political, ethical, and financial transformations. Thus, the core questions regarding is this technology by its nature is suitable for healthcare at all? Is the current legislative framework looking appropriate to regulate AI in terms of safety, efficiency, premarket, and postmarked monitoring? How the model of liability with connection to AI technology using in healthcare should be constructed? How to ensure privacy without the restriction of AI technology use? Should intellectual privacy rights prevail over public health concerns? Many questions to address in order to move in line with technology development and to get the benefits of its practical implementation.

THE THEORETICAL AND LEGAL BASIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AS A POSSIBLE MEASUREMENT OF HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To inquire into a theoretical and legal basis that regulates relevant areas and processes; use of certain objects, associated with ecological risks, which association, in turn, indicates the likelihood of conditions that can have adverse effects on the environment, human life and well-being. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In this work we study statutory regulations and scientific positions of scholars regarding the above-mentioned issue. The study analyses generalized information from scientific journals employing scientific methods from a medical and legal perspective. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, and comprehensive research methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The importance of the issue of environmental risks reflects the need in solving the problem of coexistence between human beings and nature. The analysis of theoretical and legal basis within the outlined framework will allow detecting the gaps and will help to understand in what way they are surmountable while regulating the stressors associated with ecological risks, on one hand, and, on another hand - the possible consequences, in order to prevent and eliminate them as promptly as possible and, thus, minimize their adverse effects on the environment and the health of the population.

International legal instruments in the field of bioethics and their impact on protection of human rights.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: A rapid development of biomedicine, genetics, pharmacology, transplantation and biotechnology has posed a number of problems to humanity, in particular, with regard to human rights protection in healthcare. These problems solution requires considering the achievements and propositions of biology, medicine, ethics and law. International legal standards in the field of bioethics are of significance in development of national states regulations on bioethics and biotic legislation. Aim: To investigate the impact of international legal instruments in the field of bioethics on protection of human rights. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In the research the international legal instruments and documents in the field of healthcare and bioethics were used. Civilizational, axiological, dialectical, systemic and comparative legal methods as well as systematization, analysis and synthesis were decisive in the research process. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Legal instruments in the field of biomedical technologies (directives and regulations) are mainly advisory by nature. In many cases, the problems arising in biotechnology are resolved through establishment and involvement of national supervision bodies: councils (commissions, committees) in bioethics as well as courts. An important role in protection of human rights in the field of biotechnology is played by the ECHR the decisions of which are dynamic, based on the Convention and consideration of national legislations. At the same time, a number of problems remain unresolved because of constant development of biomedical technologies, necessity to take into account the latest achievements and discoveries as well as all types and methods of applying of genetic engineering to humans. In general, insufficient attention is paid to the problems of medical biotechnologies application both at the international and national levels.

Enforceability of non-compete agreements in medical practice: between law and ethics.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The core of physician's non-compete agreements problematics lies in complex system of controversial interests, rights and goals of subjects involved. On the one hand non-compete restrictions and their enforceability is an obvious part of employer's legitimate business interest based on the freedom of contract, on the other - free unrestricted market, preventing of monopolization, availability of medical assistance and healthcare, right to choose a doctor are social standards and thus - a part of public interest, in addition to this - non-compete restrictions impact physician's right to work. Balance between these components is pretty sensitive and hard to achieve. We can find enforceability of physician's non-compete provisions in different types of relations: employment contracts, partnership agreements, sale of medical practice. But complexity of mixing law, ethical, social issues along with different approaches of legal regulations rises the relevance of research. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: This study is based on German, British, Spain, Swiss, USA regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere. The article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods. RESULTS: Results: Non-compete agreements may have social benefits in some situations: serve as an instrument to protect trade secrets thus stimulate innovation; reducing of worker's exit probability could increase quality of medical services due to training of employees etc. But also, there are some serious risks to employee, to employer and to society as a whole. Analyzing the sense of non-compete clause in general we can assume that it includes seven main points: the subject; the form; the time; the territory; the scope and type of restrictions; "buy out" of the clause and the compensation. These characteristics are the core of non-compete clause, and, taking into account the principle of freedom in terms of agreement conclusion, it is up to law enforcement practice to determine minimal and maximal limits of such restrictions. US legal concept is clearly based on implementing of legally prescribed restrictions for non-compete with physicians (along with other categories). European practice being pretty similar in view on what non-compete agreement is and what principles it is based on however is obviously different in approach chosen because of absence of special legal provisions for physicians' non-compete regulation. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Lack of legal regulation and law enforcement practice in this sphere worldwide is obvious, so the starting point in resolving of physician's non-compete enforceability issue will be choosing of suitable concept. Analyzing of proposed concepts, we came to the conclusion that the most perspective will be an approach of specification and clarification of "reasonability" meaning in terms of evaluation physicians' non-compete agreement validity and their impact on public interest.

Providing the rigth to health of involuntarily displaced persons

Introduction: The article deals with the issues of international law concerning defense of the right to health of involuntarily displaced persons. As a result of the study, it has been demonstrated that providing of the right to health is essential as a requirement for countries, which, in turn, stem from consensus on international cooperation and general support for migrants. The latter are undeniably protected in accordance with documents proclaiming human rights, but for the sake of a more detailed explanation of their rights and the substance of the state's obligations towards such persons, the international community has created a solid foundation in the form of specialized refugee documents that further emphasize the need protection of the latter as persons who, as a result of their movement, are vulnerable. The aim: To elucidate the international mechanisms for the protection of the right to health of involuntarily displaced persons. Material and methods: The study used a set of general-philosophical and special-legal methods of scientific research, in particular, dialectical, historical, socio-political, formal-legal and comparative legal methods of scientific research. The historical method of scientific research has been used in the analysis of tendencies of the regulation of the refugee problem from the beginning of the 20th century. The comparative legal method is used in the analysis of the legal regulation of involuntarily displaced persons' rights by international treaties and conventions, rules of national legislation of Ukraine and foreign legislation. Review: Authors analyze the issue of a migrant's (social, medical etc.) rights under the principle of equality of refugees' and citizens' rights. Reviewing the mechanisms of guarding such rights under treaties it is obvious that these mechanisms have legislative and institutional features. Closer look is taken on the Council of Europe's mechanism for protecting the rights of refugees with its own normative and institutional features. Conclusions: As a result of the study, it has been demonstrated that migrants' rights, including right to health, stem from consensus on international cooperation and general support for migrants. The latter are undeniably protected in accordance with the documents proclaiming human rights. In order to provide a more detailed explanation of their rights and the nature of the state's obligations towards such persons, the international community has created a solid foundation in the form of specialized refugee documents, which further emphasize the need to protect the latter as persons who, as a result of their displacement, are vulnerable.

Natural environment as component of public health: some aspects of its legal regulation.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Human health depends on various factors that have a different physical origin, degree of influence on the human body, methods of manifestation and other characteristics. Within public health, their research is carried out implementing an integrated approach and understanding the causation of the factors that influence each other as well as their effects on the human body. The natural environment, namely its state in general and individual natural objects, in particular, is one of the elements having both direct and indirect effects on human health. The aim: To analyze the legal basis for the regulation of the impact of the natural environment as a component of public health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study examines provisions of international documents and scientists' attitudes. The article analyzes generalized information from scientific journals by means of scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods. Within the framework of the system approach, as well as analysis and synthesis, the concepts of public health, health and influence of the natural environment on them are researched. RESULTS: Review: As a result of the study of a particular range of problems, it may be noted that human health depends on a number of factors that allow it to be adequately addressed. The environmental component, namely, the state of the natural environment affecting the human body both directly and indirectly, is not the least of them. Proper legal settlement of the above-mentioned range of problems will allow a comprehensive approach to understanding the causation of human health and the natural environment. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: when researching the impact of the natural environment within public health, it can be noted that the legal basis for the multidimensional regulation of the notion of health in general, as well as its individual components, in particular, has been formed and reflected in a number of regulatory legal acts. In turn, inadequate implementation of the systematic approach with an in-depth understanding of the real and potential factors that affect human condition in one way or another does not allow the fullest possible determination of their causation both on the positive and negative sides.

Right to child health in context of natural environmental security.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: From different points of view, health in general and child health, in particular, constitute the highest value which preserves a significant amount of resource potential. Child health is understood as his/her state consisting of a certain system of elements (physical, psychological, etc.) each of which, on the one hand, is characterized by its specificity, and on the other hand, is in a complementary relationship with each other. A process of child health formation is influenced by a large number of various elements (social, economic, etc.) and the natural environment is one of them. Its compliance with certain rules and standards that form its qualitative status affects life and health both directly and indirectly, therefore, determination of interdependence between the natural environmental conditions and child health is important for understanding a causal link between the specified categories. The aim: To study provisions of international acts and other sources in order to clarify the concept of child health and a role of the natural environment of a proper quality in the process of its formation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: the paper examines provisions of international acts, some scientists' conclusions and other sources. Different authors' scientific viewpoints are studied with scientific methods in the context of medical and legal components. Within the framework of the system approach, as well as analysis and synthesis, the concepts of safe natural environment, health in general and child health, in particular, as well as importance of a safe natural environment for child health are researched. RESULTS: Review: The concept of health is complex and depends on various factors including proper natural environmental conditions. Presence of dangerous environmental factors affects occurrence of various children diseases. In the context of the natural environmental security, it is possible to indicate both general and individual natural resources. Their deterioration may affect its condition at large. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Ensuring child health, his/her proper physical, psychological and other development is impossible without guaranteeing natural environmental security. Consumption of high-quality natural resources, observance of norms and standards for the environmental security allows the human body to develop fully accumulating relevant resources and attracting them at the right time. Ensuring the natural environment of a proper quality guarantees a greater range of opportunities for a child in the process of forming, coming into being and maintaining his/her physical and psychological well-being, which is a prerequisite for exercising his/her other rights and proper fulfillment of his/her duties in the process of his/her transformation and transition to adulthood.

Assisted reproductive technologies: the problems of legal enforcement.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Today, the use of assisted reproductive technologies (including surrogacy) is an effective method of guaranteeing realization of person's right on maternity or paternity. Through therapeutic efficiency reproductive means have become incredibly popular among population. However, the lack of certain legal relations in the sphere of surrogacy (both at the international level and the national one) leads to the confusion in the theory and practice. The aim: In this article, the author has set himself the following aims: a) to determine the state of legal regulation of surrogate maternity at national and international levels; b) to focus on problematic moments in legal regulation of surrogacy, which cause such phenomena as medical tourism and human trafficking; c) to investigate the regimes of legal regulation of surrogacy in the countries of the world. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The methodological framework of the research consists of general scientific and special methods. The dialectical method is used to identify the term surrogacy and its meaning; the method of summarization is applied to the case laws (judgements of European Court of Human Rights and other high legislative bodies of foreign countries). The statistical method is applied to statistical data; the formal method is used for analysing the experience of such foreign countries as the USA (state Illinois, Nevada, California), Sweden, the Netherlands, India, Great Britain. Lastly, the method of comparison is applied to determine the similarities or differences between domestic and foreign legislation. RESULTS: Review: There are three regimes of surrogacy in the world which contradict one another (altruistic, permitting and prohibiting). The difference between legal regulations of surrogacy contributes expansion of such a phenomenon as medical tourism. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Owing to absence of unified principles and standards on international level in the sphere of surrogacy, subjects of such legal relations are absolutely unprotected. Such phenomena as medical tourism, human trafficking and commercial exploitation of surrogate mothers are extending.

Screening and periodical medical examinations as important part of public health: problem of the legal implementation.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Public health is an important concept, which is continually being globalized and integrated into today's society. It helps to improve and prolong the quality of life of people and prevent the spread of epidemics and serious incurable diseases. The components of public health include protection, prevention, and promotion. Prevention, the measures taken to prevent disease as opposed to treatment consist of screening and periodical medical examinations. There are two types of screening- universal screening and case finding (individual screening). Universal screening and periodical medical examination are identical concepts; the terms dispensary and individual screening (case finding) have similar meanings and can be used interchangeably. These concepts and their importance are analyzed in this research. The aim: A research on the legal regulation of periodic health examinations and screening as a two systems, which provides the implementation of prevention within the public health. Analysis of foreign experience such countries as: Great Britain, USA, Austria, Germany, Australia, France, Italy and others. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research based on: Ukrainian legislation, European Union's Law Acts, decisions of the ECHR, EU's member-states law, WHO Acts and Recommendations, scientific articles. The research is also based on general scientific and special research methods (such as dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic). RESULTS: Review: In Europe (except Germany and Austria) is happening the transition from the system of mandatory periodical medical examination to new screening system. However, despite this, periodical medical examinations of Europeans held in connection with exist system health insurance (both voluntary and mandatory). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Screening and periodical medical examinations are two of the most important aspects of public health as they help to diagnose diseases at an early stage, even before showing any symptoms. Screening and periodical medical examinations ensures the safety and health of the entire population as opposed to certain individuals and therefore be mandatory procedure in today's society.

International medical law and its impact on the ukrainian health care legislation.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The Ukrainian state has an urgent necessity of rapid search for essentially new legal and organizational forms of the healthcare system, reform of the legal regulation of healthcare services provision. In the context of European integration, the advancement of the medical industry reform is closely related to consideration of international standards and norms of health care. The aim: To study the impact of international medical law on the Ukrainian health care legislation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: International and Ukrainian regulations and documents on health care were used in the research. System and structural, functional and legal comparative methods as well as systematization, analysis and synthesis were determinative in the research process. RESULTS: Review: Systematization of international documents on health care was made. The major problems in the Ukrainian health care legislation were determined in terms of their conformity with the international legislative norms. The expediency of the Medical Code adoption was grounded and its structure was defined. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Most health care international acts are ratified by Ukraine and their provisions are implemented in the legislation. Simultaneously, there is a row of problems, which hinder the Ukrainian health care development and place obstacles in the way of European integration. To remove these obstacles, it is expedient to create a codified act - the Medical Code, which would systematize the provisions of the current medical laws and regulations and fill in the existing gaps in the legal regulation of health care.

Ensuring right to organic food in public health system.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Human health directly depends on safety and quality of food. In turn, quality and safety of food directly depend on its production conditions and methods. There are two main food production methods: traditional and organic. Organic food production is considered safer and more beneficial for human health. Aim: to determine whether the organic food production method affects human health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: international acts, data of international organizations and conclusions of scientists have been examined and used in the study. The article also summarizes information from scientific journals and monographs from a medical and legal point of view with scientific methods. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods. The problems of effects of food production methods and conditions on human health have been analyzed within the framework of the system approach. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Food production methods and conditions ultimately affect the state and level of human health. The organic method of production activity has a positive effect on human health.

Reproductive function: the protection of the rights of the people which are sent to the area of the fighting.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The issues of problems of the legal regulation of posthumous reproduction in Ukraine and foreign countries are analysis in the article. The author substantiates the necessity in the creation and acceptance of the State Program of the retrieval of reproductive cells in people who are sending to the area of the fighting. The aim:the purpose of our work is a comprehensive study of post-mortem (post-mortem) reproduction and substantiation of the possibility and necessity of adopting a state program for the selection of reproductive cells of individuals who are sent to a combat zone to ensure their full social protection and assistance in the realization of the right to fatherhood or motherhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: the experience of certain countries is analyzed in the research. Additionally, we used statistical data of international organizations, conclusions of experts and foreign legal acts dealing with posthumous reproduction and auxiliary reproductive technologies, judicial practice, doctrinal ideas and views on this issue. RESULTS: Review: there are medical (practical) preconditions for the introduction of posthumous reproduction programs. Among them is the technology of obtaining reproductive cells (post-mortem too), their preservation and successful subsequent use. In addition, foreign experience shows the success of the application of these technologies and the real guarantee of full implementation of the range of rights to the family, fatherhood or maternity. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: we note the urgent need to develop and adopt a state reproductive cell selection program for individuals who are sent to the combat zones (according to a model that exists in such countries as the USA and Israel).