Investigating the impact of diameters and thread designs on the Biomechanics of short implants placed in D4 bone: a 3D finite element analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dental implants emerge as a dependable and efficacious alternative for patients experiencing partial or complete tooth loss. The stability of these implants is influenced by surface topography and macro-level design. In cases where the height of the maxillary posterior region is diminished, employing short implants can prove advantageous. With the aim of examining the distribution of von Mises stress, strain, and micromovement in D4 bone quality surrounding platform-switched short implants, measuring 6 mm in length and featuring diameters ranging from 4 to 6 mm, as well as different thread designs, an in-depth finite element analysis was conducted under immediate loading conditions. METHODOLOGY: A 3D finite element model was constructed to simulate maxillary molar crowns, incorporating an implant with a length of 6 mm and varying diameters and thread designs. The diameters utilized were 4/3.6 mm, 5/4 mm, and 6/4.8 mm, while the thread designs included buttress, square, and triangle patterns. Each model underwent analysis with a 100 N force applied in two directions: vertical and oblique, relative to the long axis of the implant. Stress, strain, and micromovement in the peri-implant region were recorded, employing the Ansys Workbench R v.18.1 software for modelling and analysis. RESULTS: When comparing all three diameters, the wide diameter (6 mm threads) exhibited the lowest values of peri-implant von Mises stresses (3.3 MPa and 35.1 MPa), strains (194 Ɛ and 484 Ɛ), and micromovements (0.7 µm and 1.3 Ɛ) subjected to axial and non-axial loading of a 100 N force. Notably, square microthreads yielded the most favorable stress parameters among the different thread shapes, manifesting the minimum values of stress, strains, and micromovements in their vicinity. CONCLUSION: For the treatment of atrophic ridges or in scenarios necessitating extensive surgical preparation of the implant site, a combination of short implants, wide diameters, and platform switching can be employed. In situations with reduced bone height and the requirement for an implant-supported prosthesis to replace a missing permanent maxillary molar, the utilization of wide-diameter platform-switched short implants measuring 6 mm in length, featuring a square thread design, should be taken into consideration.

High-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography for the simultaneous quantitation of rabeprazole and mosapride in pharmaceutical products.

Simple, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods are developed for the quantitative estimation of rabeprazole and mosapride in their combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. In HPLC, rabeprazole and mosapride are chromatographed using 0.01M 6.5 pH ammonium acetate buffer-methanol-acetonitrile (40:20:40, v/v, pH 5.70+/-0.02) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. In TLC, the mobile phase is ethyl acetate-methanol-benzene (2:0.5:2.5, v/v). Both the drugs are scanned at 276 nm. The retention times of rabeprazole and mosapride are found to be 4.93+/-0.01 and 9.79+/-0.02, respectively. The Rf values of rabeprazole and mosapride are found to be 0.42+/-0.02 and 0.61+/-0.02, respectively. The linearities of rabeprazole and mosapride are in the range of 400-2000 ng/mL and 300-1500 ng/mL, respectively, for HPLC; in TLC, the linearities of rabeprazole and mosapride are in the range of 400-1200 ng/spot and 300-900 ng/spot, respectively. The limit of detection is found to be 97.7 ng/mL for rabeprazole and 97.6 ng/mL for mosapride in HPLC; in TLC the limit of detection is found to be 132.29 ng/spot for rabeprazole and 98.25 ng/spot for mosapride. The proposed methods can be applied to the determination of rabeprazole and mosapride in combined pharmaceutical products.

HPTLC determination of rabeprazole and domperidone in capsules and its validation.

This paper describes a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole (RA) and domperidone (DO) in pure powder and in capsule formulations. An HPTLC method separation is achieved on an aluminum sheet of silica gel 60F(254) using ethyl acetate-methanol-benzene-acetonitrile (30:20:30:20 v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitation is achieved with UV detection at 287 nm over a concentration range of 400-1200 ng/spot and 600-1800 ng/spot with mean recovery of 99.82 +/- 0.74 and 99.43 +/- 0.68 for RA and DO, respectively, in the HPTLC method. This method is simple, precise, and sensitive, and it is applicable for the simultaneous determination of RA and DO in pure powder and in capsule formulation.

Simultaneous estimation of pantoprazole and domperidone in pure powder and a pharmaceutical formulation by high-perfomance liquid chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography methods.

This paper describes validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods for the simultaneous estimation of pantoprazole (PANT) and domperidone (DOM) in pure powder and capsule formulations. The HPLC separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm id, 4.6 mm, 5 pm) using 0.01 M, 6.5 pH ammonium acetate buffer-methanol-acetonitrile (30 + 40 + 30, v/v/v, pH 7.20) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature. The HPTLC separation was achieved on an aluminum-backed layer of silica gel 60F254 using ethyl acetate-methanol (60 + 40, v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantification was achieved with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 287 nm over the concentration range 400-4000 and 300-3000 ng/mL with mean recovery of 99.35+/-0.80 and 99.08+/-0.57% for PANT and DOM, respectively (HPLC method). Quantification was achieved with UV detection at 287 nm over the concentration range 80-240 and 60-180 ng/spot with mean recovery of 98.40+/-0.67 and 98.75+/-0.71% for PANT and DOM, respectively (HPTLC method). These methods are simple, precise, and sensitive, and they are applicable for the simultaneous determination of PANT and DOM in pure powder and capsule formulations.