Classification of Human White Blood Cells Using Machine Learning for Stain-Free Imaging Flow Cytometry.

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) produces up to 12 spectrally distinct, information-rich images of single cells at a throughput of 5,000 cells per second. Yet often, cell populations are still studied using manual gating, a technique that has several drawbacks, hence it would be advantageous to replace manual gating with an automated process. Ideally, this automated process would be based on stain-free measurements, as the currently used staining techniques are expensive and potentially confounding. These stain-free measurements originate from the brightfield and darkfield image channels, which capture transmitted and scattered light, respectively. To realize this automated, stain-free approach, advanced machine learning (ML) methods are required. Previous works have successfully tested this approach on cell cycle phase classification with both a classical ML approach based on manually engineered features, and a deep learning (DL) approach. In this work, we compare both approaches extensively on the problem of white blood cell classification. Four human whole blood samples were assayed on an ImageStream-X MK II imaging flow cytometer. Two samples were stained for the identification of eight white blood cell types, while two other sample sets were stained for the identification of resting and active eosinophils. For both data sets, four ML classifiers were evaluated on stain-free imagery with stratified 5-fold cross-validation. On the white blood cell data set, the best obtained results were 0.778 and 0.703 balanced accuracy for classical ML and DL, respectively. On the eosinophil data set, this was 0.871 and 0.856 balanced accuracy. We conclude that classifying cell types based on only stain-free images is possible with all four classifiers. Noteworthy, we also find that the DL approaches tested in this work do not outperform the approaches based on manually engineered features. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

[Patient-Related Factors Affecting Bowel Preparation Prior to Colonoscopy.] / Factores relacionados al paciente que afectan la limpieza del colon previo a la colonoscopia.

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is a major health problem worldwide because it is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in western countries. Screening for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic patients is crucialfor reducing the incidence and colonoscopy is one of the methods of choice. The ability of colonoscopy in detecting small lesions is clearly influenced by the quality of the colonic preparation. OBJECTIVES: To know which are the variablesrelating to the patient and the type ofpreparation that affect the quality of colonic cleansing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was designed a cross-sectional study. It was administered a questionnaire for the enrolled subjects to assess the presence offactors that could affect the quality of colonic cleansing. Then they underwent a colonoscopy. The different variables between subjects with adequate or inadequate colonic cleansing were compared. RESULTS: We evaluated 277 subjects. In multivariate analysis the only variables that showed significant differences are split dose [OR 0.45 (0.21 to 0.99)] and age [OR 1.02 (1-1.05)]. Obesity showed no significant differences in multivariate analysis [OR 1.84 (0.9-3.78)]. CONCLUSIONS: Age and split-dose were the only variables significantly associated with the quality of bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Not so constipation or the presence ofdiverticula, so these patients do not require special preparation regimes.

[Influence of proton pump inhibitors on intestinal fermentative profile: a case-control study]. / Impacto del uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones sobre el perfil fermentativo intestinal: Un estudio de tipo caso-control.

INTRODUCTION: Proton pump inhibitors could have an impact on the results of breath tests performed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. This impact could be due to the development of small intestine bacterial overgrowth. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of fermentative profile alterations of irritable bowel syndrome patients exposed and not-exposed to proton pump inhibitor therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects with irritable bowel syndrome were enrolled. A validated questionnaire assessing symptom severity as well as proton pump inhibitor treatment was delivered. A lactulose breath test was undertaken by each enrolled subject. Fermentative profile (area under the curve of hydrogen excretion/time) was compared between proton pump inhibitors consumers and non-consumers. Furthermore, small intestine bacterial overgrowth prevalence was compared. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty five patients were enrolled. No significant differences were found on the fermentative profile between groups [AUC mediana 3,776 (rango 2,124-5,571) vs 4,347 (rango 2,038-5,481), P = 0.3]. Small intestine bacterial overgrowth prevalence was similar as well [33% vs 27.5%]. These differences remained non-significant after adjusting for proton pump inhibitor dose and treatment time. Surprisingly, symptom score was significantly higher in those patients under proton pump inhibitor therapy [28.5 (23-26) vs 23 (15-29), P = 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Proton pump inhibitors have no significant influence on lactulose breath tests, regardless of the dosage and time of administration.

MSDeepAMR: antimicrobial resistance prediction based on deep neural networks and transfer learning.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem that requires early and effective treatments to prevent the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs and the outcome of infections. Mass Spectrometry (MS), and more particularly MALDI-TOF, have been widely adopted by routine clinical microbiology laboratories to identify bacterial species and detect AMR. The analysis of AMR with deep learning is still recent, and most models depend on filters and preprocessing techniques manually applied on spectra. Methods: This study propose a deep neural network, MSDeepAMR, to learn from raw mass spectra to predict AMR. MSDeepAMR model was implemented for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus under different antibiotic resistance profiles. Additionally, a transfer learning test was performed to study the benefits of adapting the previously trained models to external data. Results: MSDeepAMR models showed a good classification performance to detect antibiotic resistance. The AUROC of the model was above 0.83 in most cases studied, improving the results of previous investigations by over 10%. The adapted models improved the AUROC by up to 20% when compared to a model trained only with external data. Discussion: This study demonstrate the potential of the MSDeepAMR model to predict antibiotic resistance and their use on external MS data. This allow the extrapolation of the MSDeepAMR model to de used in different laboratories that need to study AMR and do not have the capacity for an extensive sample collection.

[Predominance of constipation in subjects with hydrogen-consuming intestinal flora]. / Tendencia al estreñimiento en sujetos que presentan predominio de microorganismos intestinales consumidores de hidrógeno.

INTRODUCTION: There is growing evidence that a disorder in intestinal microbiota would contribute to the development of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. In a subgroup, a remarkably low hydrogen production in lactulose breath test (LBT) is observed. We presume in these patients a predominance of hydrogen consuming gut flora. OBJECTIVE: [corrected] Describe the clinical presentation of lBS patients with low hydrogen production and to compare their cathartic pattern against those with high hydrogen excretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was designed. IBS outpatients were included. A validated questionnaire was delivered (IBSSS) in order to assess their symptoms and a LBT was performed. The cathartic pattern was compared between those with low and high hydrogen production on LBT. RESULTS: One hundred and ten patients were included and 15 of them (13.6%) had low hydrogen production on LBT, which would be compatible with the presence of hydrogen-consuming gut flora. In this group, 11 patients (73.33%) were constipated In contrast, only 30 patients (31.58%) in the high or normal hydrogen production group were constipated [OR 5.95 (95% confidence interval 1.75-20.25; P = 0.03)]. CONCLUSION: IBS patients with low hydrogen production on lactulose breath test were 6 times more frequently constipated.

[Variation of intestinal fermentative profile after sequential therapy with rifaximin/probiotics]. / Variaciones del perfil fermentativo intestinal frente al uso de un esquema terapéutico secuencial: rifaximina/probiótico.

INTRODUCTION: There is evidence suggesting that intestinal microbiota plays a role in the development of irritable bowel syndrome. Its activity can be indirectly assessed using the lactulose breath test. Antibiotics like rifaximin or probiotics can be used as therapeutic options for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of a sequential treatment with rifaximin and probiotics in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated patients with diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome III criteria. Included patients had to fill in a questionnaire in order to assess their symptoms severity. A lactulose breath test was also performed in each case and a curve with the results of hydrogen concentration and time was elaborated. Then, the area under the curve was calculated After initial evaluation, patients received a seven-day treatment with rifaximin, followed by a ten-day course of probiotics. Thirty days after completion of treatment a new lactulose breath test along with a questionnaire were performed. RESULTS: We included 15 patients and 93% experienced a significant improvement of their symptoms as well as a significant reduction of the lactulose breath test values. CONCLUSION: Sequential treatment with rifaximin/probiotics seems to be effective for symptom and fermentative profile improvement in irritable bowel syndrome patients.

Transcriptional Profile Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation and Docetaxel.

(1) Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and docetaxel (DX) combination is a standard therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients. (2) Methods: We investigate if tumor transcriptomic analysis predicts mHSPC evolution in a multicenter retrospective biomarker study. A customized panel of 184 genes was tested in mRNA from tumor samples by the nCounter platform in 125 mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX. Gene expression was correlated with castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS) and overall survival (OS). (3) Results: High expression of androgen receptor (AR) signature was independently associated with longer CRPC-FS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-0.9; p = 0.015), high expression of estrogen receptor (ESR) signature with longer CRPC-FS (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; p = 0.019) and OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, p = 0.024), and lower expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) (RB1, PTEN and TP53) with shorter OS (HR 2, 95% CI 1-3.8; p = 0.044). ARV7 expression was independently associated with shorter CRPC-FS (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, p = 0.008) and OS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6, p = 0.004), high ESR2 was associated with longer OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1, p = 0.048) and low expression of RB1 was independently associated with shorter OS (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, p = 0.014). (4) Conclusions: AR, ESR, and TSG expression signatures, as well as ARV7, RB1, and ESR2 expression, have a prognostic value in mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX.

[Symptomatic correlation variables in patients with pathological gastroesophageal reflux disease]. / Variables de correlación sintomática en pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico patológico.

UNLABELLED: INTRODUCTION. There are three indexes that correlate symptoms and reflux episodes in pHmetry tests. The utility of these indexes have been evaluated in prospective trials but their advantages and disadvantages remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical utility of the pHmetric symptomatic correlation indexes in patients with pathological acid reflux. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sequential pilot study of pHmetry tests was performed between September 2008 and June 2010. Twenty patients with gastroesophageal reflux and a DeMeester score above 14.5 were included. For the analysis, a distinction was made between strong acid reflux episodes (pH < 4) and weak acid reflux episodes (pH < 7 and > 4). The following indexes were calculated for both groups mentioned before: symptom index (SI), symptom sensitivity index (SSI) and symptom association probability (SAP). RESULTS: The mean age was 54 and 55% of patients were male. There were 116 symptomatic episodes (mean 5.8 per patient), 1,634 strong acid reflux episodes and 555 weak acid reflux episodes. Twelve (60%) had positive SI for strong acid reflux. Twelve had positive SSI for strong acid reflux and 91.66% of them had positive SI. Only 4 patients had a positive SAP. Only 2 patients had a positive SI for weak acid reflux and none of them had either a positive SI for strong acid reflux or a positive SAP for weak acid reflux. Finally, 30% of patients had a positive SSI for weak acid reflux. CONCLUSION: Positive correlation was significantly higher in strong acid rather than in weak acid reflux. SAP was the index with the lowest percentage of positivity. On the other hand, there was a high concordance between SI and SSI. Thus, the PAS index does not seem to have enough clinical utility in this cohort of patients.

TIger II vs JUdkins Catheters for Transradial Coronary Angiography (TIJUCA Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial of Radiation Exposure.

BACKGROUND: In high-expertise transradial (TR) centers, the radiation exposure to patients during coronary angiography (CAG) is equivalent to transfemoral use. However, there is no definitive information during TR-CAG regarding the use of a single, dedicated catheter to impart less radiation exposure to patients. OBJECTIVE: We compare the radiation exposure to patients during right TR-CAG with Tiger II catheter (Terumo Interventional Systems) vs Judkins right (JR) 4.0/Judkins left (JL) 3.5 catheters (Cordis Corporation). METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, and prospective trial included 180 patients submitted to right TR-CAG, with the primary objective of observing radiation exposure to patients through the measurement of fluoroscopy time, air kerma (AK), and dose-area product (DAP) using Tiger II (group 1) vs JR 4.0 and JL 3.5 Judkins catheters (group 2). Secondary outcomes included contrast volume usage and the need to use additional catheters to complete the procedure (the crossover technique). RESULTS: Group 1 demonstrated reduced fluoroscopy time (2.47 ± 1.05 minutes in group 1 vs 2.68 ± 1.26 minutes in group 2; P=.01) and non-significant reduction of AK (540.9 ± 225.3 mGy in group 1 vs 577.9 ± 240.1 mGy in group 2; P=.34) and DAP (3786.7 ± 1731.7 µGy•m² in group 1 vs 4058.0 ± 1735.4 µGy•m² in group 2; P=.12). Contrast volume usage (53.46 ± 10.09 mL in group 1 vs 55.98 ± 10.43 mL in group 2; P=.13) and the need for additional catheters (5.56% in group 1 vs 4.44% in group 2; P>.99) were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: The Tiger II catheter was able to reduce radiation exposure to patients submitted to TR-CAG through a significant reduction in fluoroscopy time.

[Frequency of bacterial overgrowth in patients with clinical lactose intolerance]. / Frecuencia de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano en pacientes con intolerancia clínica a la lactosa.

INTRODUCTION: Some patients complain of digestive symptoms related to diary products intake. This intolerance could be associated with an intestinal bacterial overgrowth or an increased fermentative intestinal profile and not due to lactose malabsorption. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth in subjects with digestive symptoms related to diary products intolerance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who had performed hydrogen breath test due to chronic functional distension syndrome (Rome III) were analyzed. Thirty of them (22 female, average age 52 years) complained of symptoms related to diary products intake. All subjects completed a nutritional survey that allowed to assess the degree of tolerance to milk products and performed the hydrogen breath test with lactulose as substrate. Bacterial overgrowth was considered when baseline values were over 15 parts per million (ppm), values before 80 minutes were greater than 20 ppm or values of area under the curve were greater than 3,000 ppm/min in the 180 studied minutes. RESULTS: Fifty four patients were analyzed. Thirty of them showed moderate, important or severe clinical milk intolerance. Of these patients, 23 (77%), had a positive breath hydrogen test according to used criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth or an increased fermentative intestinal profile among individuals who complain of symptoms related to diary products is high and this fact should be considered in order to avoid empirical restrictive diets.

[Comparative clinical efficacy of a probiotic vs. an antibiotic in the treatment of patients with intestinal bacterial overgrowth and chronic abdominal functional distension: a pilot study]. / Eficacia comparativa de un probiótico vs un antibiótico en la respuesta clínica de pacientes con sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino y distensión abdominal crónica funcional: un estudio piloto.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are usually treated with different antibiotics. Certain probiotics have proved to be clinically effective in patients with abdominal distension. OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term clinical efficacy of metronidazol vs. a probiotic in patients with SIBO and functional chronic abdominal distension. Patients and methods. This was a randomized prospective pilot study. The study population consisted of 50 patients with chronic abdominal distension (Rome III criteria) and diagnosis of SIBO made by a lactulose H2 breath test. Patients were consecutively randomized to receive either metronidazol or a probiotic. The metronidazol group consisted of 25 subjects (23 women, median age 49 +/- 19 years old), who received metronidazol (Flagyl), 500 mg bid for 5 days. The probiotic group consisted of 25 subjects (20 women, median age 58 +/- 19 years old). The probiotic administered to the latter group contained Lactobacillus casei (3.3 x 10(7) UFC), Lactobacillus plantarum (3.3 x 10(7) UFC), Streptococcus faecalis (3.3 x 10(7) UFC) and Bifidobacterium brevis (1.0 x 10(6) UFC) (Bioflora) and 5 ml bid were administered for 5 days. Both groups went on the same diet, which consisted in reduced consumption of alcohol, legumes, dairy products and leafy green vegetables. Response to treatment was assessed by an independent questioner 15 days post treatment. A five-level overall response questionnaire was used. Responses included much better, better, the same, worse, and much worse. Better and much better were considered positive responses. RESULTS: Thirteen (52%) subjects receiving metronidazol and 20 (82%) receiving the probiotic referred clinical improvement after the treatment. A statistically significant difference favoured the use of the probiotic (P = 0.036). All the study patients completed treatment. No adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this pilot study results, we can suggest that the probiotic herein used has a higher efficacy than metronidazol in the early clinical response of patients with chronic abdominal distension and SIBO.

Ureteroiliac Fistula: Bleeding of Unknown Origin-Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Ureteroiliac fistula is a rare cause of gross hematuria and lateralizing flank pain. Risk factors include previous pelvic surgery, pelvic radiotherapy, or chronic ureteral stentings. Diagnosis is challenging and requires arteriography and ureteroscopy. Management ranges from open surgery to minimally invasive means such as the use of an endovascular stent. Case Report: A 62-year-old man with postradical cystoprostatectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy presented an intermittent gross hematuria with anemia that required blood transfusions. Some CT arteriographies were performed but none of them could identify the bleeding origin. Therefore, a flexible ureteroscopy was performed that showed a left ureteroiliac fistula. Subsequently, an endovascular stent was placed in the left common iliac without complications. Conclusion: The ureteroiliac fistula is a life-threatening condition. CT arteriography or ureteroscopy might help in the diagnosis but the sensitivity is ∼64%. Arteriography with endovascular stenting is a viable and safe option. However, because of its rarity, long-term durable benefits still need to be documented.

[Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy in penile cancer: Systematic review.] / Linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica en cáncer de pene: revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVES: Penile cancer is not very frequent. To control the disease oncologically, we must perform inguinal lymphadenectomy in cases of high-risk histology, poor prognosis and palpable lymph nodes. The open inguinal lymphadenectomy has a high rate of morbidity. Consequently, this systematic review intends to summarize the published literature regarding the oncologic and post-surgery outcomes in video-endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL). METHODS: A literature search has conducted through Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library for English and Spanish articles. RESULTS: Our literature search identified 12 articles. In total, 161 patients have been subjected to 226 VEIL. Their average age was 55.66 years. In the case of open inguinal lymphadenectomy, 90 patients have been subjected to 106 operations. The rate of cutaneous complications was 6% for VEIL and 55.6% for open lymphadenectomy. The rate of lymphatic complications was very similar in both types of lymphadenectomy. The average number of lymph nodes obtained was 9.12 for VEIL and 7.02 lymph nodes for the open approach. CONCLUSION: Video-endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy contributes to less morbidity with a lower- rate of cutaneous complications and less severity. Furthermore, VEIL gives lower hospital stay without changing in initial oncologic outcomes. Although we need longer series to stablish the oncologic long-term results.

OBJETIVO: El cáncer de pene es una entidad poco frecuente. Para realizar un buen control oncológico, se recomienda la realización de linfadenectomía inguinal en casos de factores de riesgo de mal pronóstico, grado histológico alto o ganglios palpables o positivos. La linfadenectomía inguinal abierta presenta una alta tasa de morbilidad, por lo que en esta revisión se pretende resumir la literatura publicada en cuanto a los resultados oncológicos y postquirúrgicos en la linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica (VEIL).MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realiza revisión sistemática de la literatura obtenida en "Pubmed", "EMBASE" y Cochrane library para artículos en inglés y español. RESULTADOS: Se han analizado un total de 12 artículos, que globalmente incluyen a 161 pacientes con 226 VEIL y una edad media de 55,66 años y 90 pacientes a los que se les ha realizado 106 linfadenectomías abiertas. En el caso del VEIL se han presentado 6% de complicaciones cutáneas y del 55,6% en el caso de la vía abierta. En cuanto a las complicaciones linfáticas, no hay diferencias significativas. La media de ganglios extraídos en el caso de VEIL de 9,12 ganglios y de 7,09 ganglios en abordaje abierto. CCONCLUSIONES: La linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica aporta una menor morbilidad, con una menor tasa de complicaciones cutáneas, y de menor gravedad. Asimismo, aporta menor estancia hospitalaria, sin afectación de los resultados oncológicos iniciales. Aunque se necesitan series con mayor tiempo de seguimiento para valoración de resultados oncológicos a largo plazo.

[Breath hydrogen levels do not predict fiber intolerance in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation]. / El incremento del hidrógeno en el aire espirado no predice la intolerancia a la fibra en la dieta en el síndrome del intestino irritable con constipación. Estudio piloto.

BACKGROUND: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by the worsening of symptoms with a high fiber diet. This intolerance could be related to an increase in colonic bacterial fermentation. The hydrogen breath test (HBT) is a marker of the intestinal micro flora fermentative capacity. AIM: To assess if there is an association between hydrogen (H2) levels and clinical changes between diets with and without bran. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 10 women with predominantly constipated irritable bowel syndrome (Rome II criteria) received a lowfiber diet during one week. This phase was followed by a second 7 day period with the same diet but supplemented with 12 g of crude dietary fiber. At the end of both periods, patients completed a symptom scale (Lickert type) and performed a HBT. RESULTS: Comparing both periods with a different diet the median difference in the clinical scale score (-2.5) shows a tendency favorable to the diet without bran, p = 0.048. In the fiber period the median increase of 2 ppm in H2 values was not significant deferent. Neither was possible to establish an association between breath H2 and the clinical response to a fiber diet. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study we could not detect ary association between breath H2 levels and the clinical response to dietary fiber.

[Clinical-phmetric variants in gastroesophageal reflux disease]. / Variantes clínico-phmétricas en la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico.

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory pH monitoring, that defines acid reflux episodes as a fall in pH below 4, fail to diagnose weakly acidic reflux, which sometimes is related to the occurrence of symptoms. AIM: To establish the incidence of clinical-phmetric variables that allow to confirm or discard the presence of gastroesophageal reflux and its symptomatic correlation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: [corrected] During a period of 12 months, 100 patients (58 males and 42 females) were consecutively included for 24 hour esophageal ambulatory phmetry. The variables considered were: number of symptomatic episodes during the study, number of episodes with positive symptomatic correlation for pH drop greater than 4, number of episodes with positive symptomatic correlation for pH drop lower than 4 and Demeester score. For operative reasons we divided the patients in six groups: without evidence of acidic reflux (WAR), hypoalgesic pathologic acid reflux (HPAR), normoalgesic pathologic acid reflux (NPAR), hyperalgesic pathologic acid reflux (HyPAR), allodinic pathologic reflux (APR), hyperalgesic physiologic acid reflux (HyPhAR) and allodynic physiologic acid reflux (APhAR). RESULTS: 18% presented WAR, 7% HPAR, 36% NPAR, 14% HyPAR, 18% HyPhAR and 7% APhAR. The patients with pathologic acid reflux presented more episodes with positive symptomatic correlation than patients without pathologic reflux (P = 0.0008). Based on acid reflux intensity and presence or absence of symptomatic correlation, six groups of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were differentiated, and probably they should be evaluated and treated in a different way.

HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE: results from a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Some previously published studies have suggested an inverse relationship between celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori, raising the possibility of the protective role Helicobacter pylori could have against celiac disease development. Nevertheless, this association is inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in celiac subjects. METHODS: Between January 2013 and June 2014, patients over 18 years old undergoing upper endoscopy who required both gastric and duodenal biopsies were included for analysis. Enrolled subjects were divided in two groups: those with a diagnosis of celiac disease and those without a celiac disease diagnosis. Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence was compared between groups. Among celiac patients, endoscopic markers of villous atrophy as well as histological damage severity were compared between those with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. RESULTS: Overall, 312 patients were enrolled. Seventy two of them had a diagnosis of celiac disease. Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence among celiac disease patients was 12.5%, compared to 30% in non-celiac patients [OR=0.33 (0.15-0.71)]. There was not a significant difference in terms of the severity of villous atrophy in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection compared to those without it. There was a slight increase in the prevalence of endoscopic markers in those Helicobacter pylori-negative celiac subjects. CONCLUSION: Helicobacter pylori infection seems to be less frequent in celiac patients; among those celiac subjects with concomitant Helicobacter pylori infection, histological damage degree and presence of endoscopic markers suggesting villous atrophy seem to be similar to those without Helicobacter pylori infection.

HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE: results from a cross-sectional study / Prevalência do Helicobacter pylori em pacientes com doença celíaca: resultados de um estudo transversal

Background Some previously published studies have suggested an inverse relationship between celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori, raising the possibility of the protective role Helicobacter pylori could have against celiac disease development. Nevertheless, this association is inconclusive. Objectives To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in celiac subjects. Methods Between January 2013 and June 2014, patients over 18 years old undergoing upper endoscopy who required both gastric and duodenal biopsies were included for analysis. Enrolled subjects were divided in two groups: those with a diagnosis of celiac disease and those without a celiac disease diagnosis. Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence was compared between groups. Among celiac patients, endoscopic markers of villous atrophy as well as histological damage severity were compared between those with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. Results Overall, 312 patients were enrolled. Seventy two of them had a diagnosis of celiac disease. Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence among celiac disease patients was 12.5%, compared to 30% in non-celiac patients [OR=0.33 (0.15-0.71)]. There was not a significant difference in terms of the severity of villous atrophy in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection compared to those without it. There was a slight increase in the prevalence of endoscopic markers in those Helicobacter pylori-negative celiac subjects. Conclusion Helicobacter pylori infection seems to be less frequent in celiac patients; among those celiac subjects with concomitant Helicobacter pylori infection, histological damage degree and presence of endoscopic markers suggesting villous atrophy seem to be similar to those without Helicobacter pylori infection. .

Contexto Alguns estudos publicados anteriormente sugerem uma relação inversa entre a doença celíaca e Helicobacter pylori, levantando a possibilidade do papel protetor que o Helicobacter pylori poderia ter contra o desenvolvimento de doença celíaca. No entanto, esta associação é inconclusiva. Objetivos Determinar a prevalência da infecção por Helicobacter pylori em indivíduos celíacos. Métodos Entre janeiro de 2013 e de 2014 junho, foram incluídos para análise pacientes com mais de 18 anos de idade submetidos a endoscopia para necessárias biópsias gástricas e duodenais. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles com diagnóstico de doença celíaca e aqueles sem um diagnóstico de doença celíaca. A prevalência da infecção por Helicobacter pylori foi comparada entre os grupos. Entre os pacientes celíacos, os marcadores endoscópicos de atrofia das vilosidades, bem como a gravidade do dano histológico foram comparados entre aqueles com e sem infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori. Resultados De um total de 312 pacientes, 72 deles tiveram diagnóstico da doença celíaca. A prevalência de infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori entre pacientes com doença celíaca foi de 12,5%, em comparação com 30% em pacientes não-celíacos [OR=0,33 (0,15-0,71)]. Não houve diferença significativa em termos da gravidade da atrofia das vilosidades em pacientes com infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori em comparação com aqueles sem ele. Houve um ligeiro aumento na prevalência de marcadores endoscópicos nos indivíduos celíacos com Helicobacter pylori-negativo. Conclusão A infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori parece ser menos frequente em pacientes celíacos; entre esses indivíduos celíacos com concomitante infecção por Helicobacter pylori, o grau de dano histológico e a presença de marcadores endoscópicos sugerindo atrofia vilosa, parecem ser semelhantes com os sem infecção. .

Linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica en cáncer de pene: revisión sistemática / Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy in penile cancer: Systematic review

OBJETIVO: El cáncer de pene es una entidad poco frecuente. Para realizar un buen control oncológico, se recomienda la realización de linfadenectomía inguinal en casos de factores de riesgo de mal pronóstico, grado histológico alto o ganglios palpables o positivos. La linfadenectomía inguinal abierta presenta una alta tasa de morbilidad, por lo que en esta revisión se pretende resumir la literatura publicada en cuanto a los resultados oncológicos y postquirúrgicos en la linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica (VEIL). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realiza revisión sistemática de la literatura obtenida en "Pubmed", "EMBASE" y Cochrane library para artículos en inglés y español. RESULTADOS: Se han analizado un total de 12 artículos, que globalmente incluyen a 161 pacientes con 226 VEIL y una edad media de 55,66 años y 90 pacientes a los que se les ha realizado 106 linfadenectomías abiertas. En el caso del VEIL se han presentado 6% de complicaciones cutáneas y del 55,6% en el caso de la vía abierta. En cuanto a las complicaciones linfáticas, no hay diferencias significativas. La media de ganglios extraídos en el caso de VEIL de 9,12 ganglios y de 7,09 ganglios en abordaje abierto. CONCLUSIONES: La linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica aporta una menor morbilidad, con una menor tasa de complicaciones cutáneas, y de menor gravedad. Asimismo, aporta menor estancia hospitalaria, sin afectación de los resultados oncológicos iniciales. Aunque se necesitan series con mayor tiempo de seguimiento para valoración de resultados oncológicos a largo plazo

OBJECTIVES: Penile cancer is not very frequent. To control the disease oncologically, we must perform inguinal lymphadenectomy in cases of high-risk histology, poor prognosis and palpable lymph nodes. The open inguinal lymphadenectomy has a high rate of morbidity. Consequently, this systematic review intends to summarize the published literature regarding the oncologic and post-surgery outcomes METHODS: A literature search has conducted through Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library for English and Spanish articles. RESULTS: Our literature search identified 12 articles. In total, 161 patients have been subjected to 226 VEIL. Their average age was 55.66 years. In the case of open inguinal lymphadenectomy, 90 patients have been subjected to 106 operations. The rate of cutaneous complications was 6% for VEIL and 55.6% for open lymphadenectomy. The rate of lymphatic complications was very similar in both types of lymphadenectomy. The average number of lymph nodes obtained was 9.12 for VEIL and 7.02 lymph nodes for the open approach. CONCLUSION: Video-endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy contributes to less morbidity with a lower-rate of cutaneous complications and less severity. Furthermore, VEIL gives lower hospital stay without changing in initial oncologic outcomes. Although we need longer series to stablish the oncologic long-term results