Whole genome comparative analysis of four Georgian grape cultivars.

Grapevine is the one of the most important fruit species in the world. Comparative genome sequencing of grape cultivars is very important for the interpretation of the grape genome and understanding its evolution. The genomes of four Georgian grape cultivars-Chkhaveri, Saperavi, Meskhetian green, and Rkatsiteli, belonging to different haplogroups, were resequenced. The shotgun genomic libraries of grape cultivars were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq. Pinot Noir nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast DNA were used as reference. Mitochondrial DNA of Chkhaveri closely matches that of the reference Pinot noir mitochondrial DNA, with the exception of 16 SNPs found in the Chkhaveri mitochondrial DNA. The number of SNPs in mitochondrial DNA from Saperavi, Meskhetian green, and Rkatsiteli was 764, 702, and 822, respectively. Nuclear DNA differs from the reference by 1,800,675 nt in Chkhaveri, 1,063,063 nt in Meskhetian green, 2,174,995 in Saperavi, and 5,011,513 in Rkatsiteli. Unlike mtDNA Pinot noir, chromosomal DNA is closer to the Meskhetian green than to other cultivars. Substantial differences in the number of SNPs in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of Chkhaveri and Pinot noir cultivars are explained by backcrossing or introgression of their wild predecessors before or during the process of domestication. Annotation of chromosomal DNA of Georgian grape cultivars by MEGANTE, a web-based annotation system, shows 66,745 predicted genes (Chkhaveri-17,409; Saperavi-17,021; Meskhetian green-18,355; and Rkatsiteli-13,960). Among them, 106 predicted genes and 43 pseudogenes of terpene synthase genes were found in chromosomes 12, 18 random (18R), and 19. Four novel TPS genes not present in reference Pinot noir DNA were detected. Two of them-germacrene A synthase (Chromosome 18R) and (-) germacrene D synthase (Chromosome 19) can be identified as putatively full-length proteins. This work performs the first attempt of the comparative whole genome analysis of different haplogroups of Vitis vinifera cultivars. Based on complete nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis, hypothetical phylogeny scheme of formation of grape cultivars is presented.

[Comparative evaluate of methods of placement of polypropylene meshes in alloplastic of incisional hernias].

Treatment results in 107 patients with incisional hernias were analyzed. All patients undergoing abdominal wall grafting with use of cellular polypropylene implant. Patients were divided into 2 groups. 57 patients operated according alloplastic method sublay formed the first group, 50 patients operated by method onlay formed the second group. Frequency of local wound postoperative complications and hernia relapses were taken into account for comparative evaluation of surgical treatment results. Hernia relapses investigated in 51 patients from the first group and in 44 patients from the second group. Basing on the authors' data method sublay are accompanied by local wound complications (infiltration, suppuration, seroma, haematoma) in 12,3% of observations, method onlay - in 28% (x(2)=4,17, p=0,04). In the first group hernia relapse developed in 1 patient (2%), in the second group - in 3 patients (6,8%) (x(2)=1,43, p=0,23). Authors consider that treating median incisional hernias by using diverse alloplastic methods preference should be given to sublay method.

[Complications of jejunal peptic ulcers]. / Oslozhneniia pepticheskikh iazv toshchei kishki

Under observation were 192 patients with peptic ulcer. In 72.4% of patients complicated peptic ulcers were noted. The frequency and character of complications is changed depending on the method of surgery previously performed--in peptic ulcer, developed under conditions of gastric resection, these are more frequent and of a more grave character than in peptic ulcer of gastroenteroanastomosis. Among complications the first place is occupied by penetration with subsequent occurrence of profistulas (25), and then gastroenterocolonic fistulas (13%). Pentration of jejunal peptic ulcer in the free abdominal cavity is observed comparatively rarely, according to the authors' findings this complication was noted in 3.6% of cases. Bleeding peptic ulcers were observed in 45% of cases, in more than a half of them hemmorrhage was profuse. No malignant transformation of jejunal peptic ulcer was observed.