Neuropathic Pain Component in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and the Relationship of Neuropathic Pain and Disease Activity Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: It is known that neuropathic pain frequently accompanies rheumatological diseases. In this study, neuropathic pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis(AS) and its relationship with disease activity were investigated. METHODS: Forty patients with AS were included. Laboratory data and disease status parameters were recorded. Neuropathic pain questionnaires were administered. Electrophysiological examination was performed on all patients. The relationship between neuropathic pain and disease activity parameters was investigated. RESULTS: According to the Pain Detect and LANSS questionnaire results, the rate of neuropathic pain was 57.5% and 42.5%. ASQoL, BASDAI, and ASDAS-ESH parameters are statistically significantly higher in the group with neuropathic pain according to the PainDetect (p:0.018, p:0.04, p:0.028). MASES, ASQoL, BASDAI, BASFI, and ASDAS-ESH parameters are statistically significantly higher in the group with neuropathic pain according to the LANSS (p:0.004, p:0.005, p: 0.001, p:0.005, p:0.02). Disease activity is higher in patients with neuropathic pain for both scales. Peripheral neuropathy is detected in nine patients. There is a positive correlation between disease activity parameters and neuropathic pain scales. A strong positive correlation was detected between ASQoL and BASDAI parameters and the Pain Detect questionnaire (r:0.533, r:0.606). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with AS have a neuropathic pain. This condition is associated with high disease activity and adversely affects the patient's quality of life.

Association between abdominal muscle activity and lumbar muscle morphology, and their role in the functional assessment of patients with low back pain: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to investigate the relationship between abdominal muscle activity and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar muscles and assess their role in the functional assessment of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). METHODS: 142 patients with CNSLBP were included in this study. Disability levels were evaluated with the Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. The functional assessments of the participants were evaluated with a 6-minute walk test. Abdominal muscle activity was measured using a pressure biofeedback unit. The CSA of the bilateral multifidus, erector spinae, and psoas muscles were measured T2-weighted MRI images at the L2-L5 levels. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the abdominal muscle activity during the posterior pelvic tilt movement and the CSA of the erector spinae muscle at the L4 and L5 levels, and the psoas muscle at the L2-L5 levels (correlation coefficient range from 0.32 to 0.48). Abdominal muscle activity yielded a significant additional contribution to the variance on the functional assessment (R2 change=0.101). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship of abdominal muscle activity with lumbar muscles and the contribution of muscle activities to functional assessment should be considered in the management of patients with CNSLBP.

The role of ultrasonographic synovial assessment in rheumatoid arthritis patients with concomitant fibromyalgia.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence and musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) findings of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with concomitant fibromyalgia (FM) according to the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) FM classification criteria or the 2016 ACR FM diagnostic criteria. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 63 patients (17 males, 46 females; mean age: 48.2±7.1 years; range, 18 to 62 years) with RA. Medical history and laboratory data were obtained from electronic records. Clinical examination, composite disease activity measures, functional status, and the German 7-joint ultrasound score were assessed to evaluate disease activity and synovial inflammation. The patients were divided into three groups: patients who met only the 2016 ACR criteria, patients who met only the 1990 ACR criteria, and patients who met both criteria. Results: In patients with RA, concomitant FM prevalence was 34.9% according to the 2016 ACR FM diagnostic criteria versus 23.8% according to the 1990 ACR FM classification criteria. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with FM had high tender joint count and disease activity scores, while musculoskeletal US findings were similar. Patients who met only the 2016 ACR FM diagnostic criteria had significantly higher gray-scale US and power Doppler US synovitis scores than patients who satisfied only ACR 1990 FM classification criteria (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Synovial inflammation is a prominent sign in RA patients diagnosed with FM according to the 2016 ACR FM diagnostic criteria. The higher disease activity seen in the presence of FM in RA patients is associated with FM rather than synovitis.

An overlooked nerve in neuropathies associated with intragluteal injections: the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) lesions in patients referred to the electrophysiology laboratory with an initial diagnosis of sciatic nerve lesion following injection, and to create awareness that PFCN lesions can occur following intramuscular injections administered to the gluteal region. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients who were referred to the electrophysiology laboratory because of injection neuropathy were identified from the hospital records. In addition to the routine electrophysiological examination, PFCN sensory conduction study was performed according to the technique of Dumitru and Nelson. The scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale were recorded for all participants. RESULTS: Of the 21 participants who agreed to participate in the study, 2 patients were diagnosed with PFCN lesions, one of them had isolated complete PFCN lesion, and another had it accompanied by sciatic nerve lesion. Patients with PFCN lesions had a lower body mass index and a higher HADS score than patients with sciatic nerve lesions (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: As correct diagnosis is the priority starting point for successful treatment, clinicians should plan examinations taking into consideration the fact that PFCN lesions can occur following gluteal region injection.

Assessment of pulmonary arterial stiffness in patients with systemic sclerosis without overt pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple clinical conditions and complicate most systemic diseases. Systemic sclerosis (SSc), represents the leading cause of connective tissue disease (CTD) associated with PAH. Although SSc is a rare disease, it is associated with higher morbidity and early mortality than other rheumatological diseases due to developing SSc-associated interstitial pulmonary disease (ILD) and/or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The impact of the early diagnosis on the prognosis is evident. In this context, in our study, we aimed to investigate the early changes in pulmonary vascular bed by measuring pulmonary arterial stiffness (PAS) in SSc patients without overt PAH. Sixty-two SSc patients and fifty-eight gender and age-matched, healthy subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study. SSc patients were evaluated in terms of disease duration and severity. Modified rodnan skin score (mRSS) was calculated as disease severity index. Echocardiographic parameters were assessed and compared to the control group. Right ventricular (RV) diameters, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), and right ventricle myocardial performance index (RV-MPI) were significantly higher in the SSc group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) were significantly lower in the SSc group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). PAS value (25.5 ± 9.2 kHz/ms vs. 18.1 ± 7.4 kHz/ms, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the SSc group than in the control group. A statistically significant positive correlation relationship was detected between the PAS value and CRP, ESR, disease duration, mRSS. According to these results, in SSc patients, PAS as an inexpensive and easily applicable echocardiographic method might serve as a marker of early detection of PAH.

The Effect of Virtual Reality Exercises on Pain, Functionality, Cardiopulmonary Capacity, and Quality of Life in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: To investigate the effect of motion-controlled videogames on pain, functionality, cardiopulmonary capacity, and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. Materials and Methods: Forty women with fibromyalgia were randomized into virtual reality group (VRG) and conventional training group (CTG). The CTG performed aerobic exercise (cycling, 3 days per week, 20 minutes per day) and conventional exercises (muscle strengthening, balance, and flexibility, 3 days per week, 15 minutes per day) for 4 weeks. The VRG performed virtual reality exercise (volleyball, Microsoft Xbox Kinect®, 3 days per week, 15 minutes per day) together with cycling exercise for 4 weeks. After the exercise program, both groups received the same home exercise program for 4 weeks. All patients were evaluated at baseline, fourth, and eighth weeks. Primary outcome measure was Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Symptom Severity Scale, EuroQol-Five Dimensions Index Scale/Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D-index/VAS) and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were used as secondary outcome measures. Results: Thirty-four patients (17 VRG, 17 CTG) were evaluated at the eighth week. After 4 weeks, all outcome measures improved significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in all outcome measures between fourth and eighth weeks. Group and time interactions for 6MWT (P = 0.043), FSS (P = 0.026), EQ-5D-Index Scale (P = 0.014), and EQ-5D-VAS (P = 0.049) were significant only for the VRG. In addition, median individual's satisfaction was significantly higher in the VRG (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Virtual reality exercises along with aerobic exercise increase cardiopulmonary capacity and quality of life in fibromyalgia syndrome. In addition, they increase patient satisfaction and may improve patient compliance to exercise.

Somatosensory temporal discrimination is impaired in fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia is the prototypical central sensitivity syndrome which is associated with increased sensitivity to pain and other stimuli. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether somatosensory temporal discrimination ability, which provides information about central processing of sensory stimuli, was impaired in patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Fifteen patients with fibromyalgia and 15 healthy subjects participated in the study. Demographic characteristics of participants and severity for fatigue, sleep quality, cognitive symptoms, somatic symptoms and health-related quality of life in fibromyalgia patients were recorded. Somatosensory temporal discrimination thresholds were measured from the dorsum of the dominant hands of the participants by using a constant current stimulator (Medtronic, Keypoint). RESULTS: Patients with fibromyalgia had higher somatosensory temporal discrimination thresholds than healthy subjects (p < 0.001). There were significant correlations between STDTs and pain intensity, FIQ scores and symptom severity scale scores in fibromyalgia group (p = 0.006, r = 0.68; p = 0.037, r = 0.54; p = 0.017, r = 0.61 respectively). CONCLUSION: Somatosensory temporal discrimination ability is impaired in fibromyalgia patients compared to healthy subjects. Disrupted somatosensory temporal discrimination ability correlates with increased widespread pain and severity of other symptoms including fatigue, sleep quality, cognitive symptoms, somatic symptoms and decreased functional status. The impaired somatosensory temporal discrimination ability indicates an alteration in higher cognitive sensory processing in fibromyalgia patients.

Bilateral pan-plexus lesion after substance use: A case report.

Peripheral nervous system complications such as acute demyelinating polyradiculopathy and mononeuropathy may rarely develop after substance use. A 27-year-old man used illegal drugs the day before his admission to the emergency service. Initially, he was suspected for rhabdomyolysis, due to elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, myoglobin, and creatine kinase levels. On Day 4, generalized edema and flask paralysis were noted in both upper limbs. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral brachial pan-plexopathy based on electrophysiological study results. He underwent a rehabilitation program. After eight months, repeated electrophysiological study revealed a significant improvement in all bilateral upper limb muscles, except for the right abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles. The underlying cause of bilateral brachial pan-plexopathy was rhabdomyolysis secondary to substance use. In conclusion, substance use in patients with non-traumatic plexopathy should always be questioned.

An unusual late complication in traumatic brain injury: Persistent dysphagia due to tracheoesophageal fistula.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which leads to cognitive, physical, emotional and behavioral deficits according to the severity of trauma, is a disability with high morbidity and mortality. In addition to primary effects of TBI, direct trauma to the face, neck, and chest also contributes to increased morbidity. Recovery in swallowing functions in TBI patients is often parallel with recovery in functional daily activities. Herein, contrary to that expectation, we present a TBI case with persistent dysphagia symptoms lasting for even 1.5 years after trauma, despite the fact that she gained independence in dailylife activities under supervision.

Inter-rater agreement of the Turkish version of the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised form.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to adapt the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-revised form (NBRS-R) for Turkish traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and to investigate the inter-rater agreement of the Turkish revised scale. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 45 patients (36 males, 9 females; mean age 31.1±13.0 years; range 18 to 60 years) with TBI were included in this study between September 2013 and August 2014. A semi-structured interview was set up for Turkish patients using a multidisciplinary approach (physiatrist, psychiatrist, neurologist and psychologist) with the participation of four rehabilitation centers. Questions were prepared for each of the 29 items, based on the recommendations of the original NBRS-R form. Four different interviewers from the four centers applied this form to a total of 45 TBI patients. RESULTS: The items evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient showed satisfactory stability and the reliability of the items ranged from moderate to very good. CONCLUSION: The NBRS-R form can be suggested to provide a reliable and easily reproducible evaluation method of neurobehavioral deficits in TBI patients who speak Turkish.