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PURPOSE: Planning complex operations such as robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy requires surgeons to review 2-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cross-sectional images to understand 3-dimensional (3D), patient-specific anatomy. We sought to determine surgical outcomes for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy when surgeons reviewed 3D, virtual reality (VR) models for operative planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were prospectively enrolled and randomized to either a control group undergoing usual preoperative planning with prostate biopsy results and MRI only or to an intervention group where MRI and biopsy results were supplemented with a 3D VR model. The primary outcome measure was margin status, and secondary outcomes were oncologic control, sexual function and urinary function. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients were analyzed, with trends toward lower positive margin rates (33% vs 25%) in the intervention group, no significant difference in functional outcomes and no difference in traditional operative metrics (p >0.05). Detectable postoperative prostate specific antigen was significantly lower in the intervention group (31% vs 9%, p=0.036). In 32% of intervention cases, the surgeons modified their operative plan based on the model. When this subset was compared to the control group, there was a strong trend toward increased bilateral nerve sparing (78% vs 92%), and a significantly lower rate of postoperative detectable prostate specific antigen in the intervention subset (31% vs 0%, p=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized clinical trial demonstrated patients whose surgical planning involved 3D VR models have better oncologic outcomes while maintaining functional outcomes.
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Laparoscopía , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Masculino , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Prostatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Método Simple Ciego , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare perioperative outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in patients with age ≥ 70 years to age < 70 years. METHODS: Using Vattikuti Collective quality initiative (VCQI) database for RAPN we compared perioperative outcomes following RAPN between the two age groups. Primary outcome of the study was to compare trifecta outcomes between the two groups. Propensity matching using nearest neighbourhood method was performed with trifecta as primary outcome for sex, body mass index (BMI), solitary kidney, tumor size and Renal nephrometery score (RNS). RESULTS: Group A (age ≥ 70 years) included 461 patients whereas group B included 1932 patients. Before matching the two groups were statistically different for RNS and solitary kidney rates. After propensity matching, the two groups were comparable for baselines characteristics such as BMI, tumor size, clinical symptoms, tumor side, face of tumor, solitary kidney and tumor complexity. Among the perioperative outcome parameters there was no difference between two groups for operative time, blood loss, intraoperative transfusion, intraoperative complications, need for radical nephrectomy, positive margins and trifecta rates. Warm ischemia time was significantly longer in the younger age group (18.1 min vs. 16.3 min, p = 0.003). Perioperative complications were significantly higher in the older age group (11.8% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.041). However, there was no difference between the two groups for major complications. CONCLUSION: RAPN in well-selected elderly patients is associated with comparable trifecta outcomes with acceptable perioperative morbidity.
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Neoplasias Renales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Riñón Único , Humanos , Anciano , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Nefrectomía/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare perioperative outcomes following retroperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPRAPN) and transperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (TPRAPN). METHODS: With this Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative (VCQI) database, study propensity scores were calculated according to the surgical access (TPRAPN and RPRAPN) for the following independent variables, i.e., age, sex, side of the surgery, RENAL nephrometry scores (RNS), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine. The study's primary outcome was the comparison of trifecta between the two groups. RESULTS: In this study, 309 patients who underwent RPRAPN were matched with 309 patients who underwent TPRAPN. The two groups matched well for age, sex, tumor side, polar location of the tumor, RNS, preoperative creatinine and eGFR. Operative time and warm ischemia time were significantly shorter with RPRAPN. Intraoperative blood loss and need for blood transfusion were lower with RPRAPN. There was a significantly higher number of intraoperative complications with RPRAPN. However, there was no difference in the two groups for postoperative complications. Trifecta outcomes were better with RPRAPN (70.2% vs. 53%, p < 0.0001) compared to TPRAPN. We noted no significant change in overall results when controlled for tumor location (anteriorly or posteriorly). The surgical approach, tumor size and RNS were identified as independent predictors of trifecta on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: RPRAPN is associated with superior perioperative outcomes in well-selected patients compared to TPRAPN. However, the data for the retroperitoneal approach were contributed by a few centers with greater experience with this technique, thus limiting the generalizability of the results of this study.
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Neoplasias Renales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Transfusión Sanguínea , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Nefrectomía/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introduction: Outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) depend on tumor complexity, surgeon experience and patient profile among other variables. We aimed to study the perioperative outcomes of RAPN for patients with complex renal masses using the Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative (VCQI) database that allowed evaluation of multinational data. Methods: From the VCQI, we extracted data for all the patients who underwent RAPN with preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) score of ≥10. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to ascertain predictors of trifecta (absence of complications, negative surgical margins, and warm ischemia times [WIT] <25 min or zero ischemia) outcomes. Results: Of 3,801 patients, 514 with PADUA scores ≥10 were included. The median operative time, WIT, and blood loss were 173 (range 45-546) min, 21 (range 0-55) min, and 150 (range 50-3500) ml, respectively. Intraoperative complications and blood transfusions were reported in 2.1% and 6%, respectively. In 8.8% of the patients, postoperative complications were noted, and surgical margins were positive in 10.3% of the patients. Trifecta could be achieved in 60.7% of patients. Clinical tumor size, duration of surgery, WIT, and complication rates were significantly higher in the group with a high (12 or 13) PADUA score while the trifecta was significantly lower in this group (48.4%). On multivariate analysis, surgical approach (retroperitoneal vs. transperitoneal) and high PADUA score (12/13) were identified as predictors of the trifecta outcomes. Conclusion: RAPN may be a reasonable surgical option for patients with complex renal masses with acceptable perioperative outcomes.
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OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare the effects of endoscopic stapling, division and suture ligation, and suture ligation with suspension of the dorsal venous complex (DVC) on continence during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 300 consecutive patients undergoing RARP by a single surgeon were randomised to three groups: endoscopic stapling, cut and suture ligation, and suture ligation with suspension. The only difference between the groups was the technique to control the DVC. Pad-free continence (PFC) and overall continence (0 pads/day with or without security pad) were assessed with patient reported pad usage records and validated questionnaires (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index) at 3, 12, and 15 months. Secondary endpoints were erectile function (EF) recovery (defined as erections sufficient for sexual activity) and the rate of apical surgical margins. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine predictors for recovery of both urinary continence and EF. RESULTS: The three groups were comparable in terms of age, body mass index, prostate size, American Urological Association symptom score, Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and clinical stage. There were no differences found in terms of operative times, estimated blood loss, pathological stage, and positive apical margin. There was no difference between the three groups with regard to overall continence or PFC at 3 months. However, overall continence at 15 months for ligation and suspension was 99% and was superior to stapler (88%) (P = 0.002) and cut and suture ligation (88%) (P = 0.002). Additionally, PFC at 15 months was superior for ligation and suspension (87%) as compared to stapler (73%) and cut and suture ligation (75%) (P = 0.045). The technique of DVC control did not impact EF. Men with nerve sparing had better continence compared to no nerve sparing at 3 months (62% vs 42%, P = 0.045), but not at 15 months. The median time to continence was 2 months for patients receiving nerve sparing compared to 4.5 months for non-nerve sparing (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Suture suspension of the DVC during RARP contributes to higher overall continence rates compared to stapling and cut and suture. Nerve sparing contributes to earlier return of continence than non-nerve sparing.
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Próstata , Prostatectomía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Anciano , Disfunción Eréctil , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Próstata/irrigación sanguínea , Próstata/cirugía , Prostatectomía/efectos adversos , Prostatectomía/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Incontinencia UrinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To predict intra-operative (IOEs) and postoperative events (POEs) consequential to the derailment of the ideal clinical course of patient recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative is a multi-institutional dataset of patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephectomy for kidney tumours. Machine-learning (ML) models were constructed to predict IOEs and POEs using logistic regression, random forest and neural networks. The models to predict IOEs used patient demographics and preoperative data. In addition to these, intra-operative data were used to predict POEs. Performance on the test dataset was assessed using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) and area under the precision-recall curve (PR-AUC). RESULTS: The rates of IOEs and POEs were 5.62% and 20.98%, respectively. Models for predicting IOEs were constructed using data from 1690 patients and 38 variables; the best model had an AUC-ROC of 0.858 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.762, 0.936) and a PR-AUC of 0.590 (95% CI 0.400, 0.759). Models for predicting POEs were trained using data from 1406 patients and 59 variables; the best model had an AUC-ROC of 0.875 (95% CI 0.834, 0.913) and a PR-AUC 0.706 (95% CI, 0.610, 0.790). CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the ML models in the present study was encouraging. Further validation in a multi-institutional clinical setting with larger datasets would be necessary to establish their clinical value. ML models can be used to predict significant events during and after surgery with good accuracy, paving the way for application in clinical practice to predict and intervene at an opportune time to avert complications and improve patient outcomes.
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Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/epidemiología , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Aprendizaje Automático , Nefrectomía/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Anciano , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: When performing robotic nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for renal tumors, either a transperitoneal approach or retroperitoneal approach can be utilized. The operative technique for robotic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy (RPPN) is discussed and a matched-paired analysis comparing both RPPN and transperitoneal partial nephrectomy (TPPN) at a single institution is discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review over a 10-year period (2006-2016) was performed for all patients who underwent robotic partial nephrectomy. A total of 281 patients underwent RPPN and 263 patients underwent TPPN. A matched-paired analysis was performed on 166 pairs of patients and the outcomes reviewed. RESULTS: Operative time (p < 0.001) and estimated blood loss (p < 0.001) were significantly less in the RPPN group compared to the TPPN group. No differences (p > 0.05) were seen with regard to complexity of cases, warm ischemia time, tumor pathology, positive margin rates, complications, or kidney function post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic RPPN and TPPN can both be used for NSS with good results. RPPN, when used appropriately, can lead to shorter operative times, less blood loss and equivalent oncologic and post-operative outcomes. Surgeon comfort and expertise will help determine which approach to use.
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Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Nefrectomía/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Anciano , Humanos , Análisis por Apareamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Peritoneo , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R-RPLND) is gaining acceptance as an alternative to open and laparoscopic RPLND for the treatment of testicular cancer. We discuss the current state of R-RPLND and summarize the latest relevant literature regarding the feasibility of this operation. RECENT FINDINGS: R-RPLND has been utilized effectively for both treatment of high-risk, clinical stage I testicular cancer as well as in the postchemotherapy setting. The feasibility of R-RPLND has been established with complication rates comparable to open RPLND and with decreased postoperative hospital stay and blood loss. SUMMARY: As R-RPLND continues to evolve and experience grows in high-volume centers, more information will be gained regarding long-term oncologic outcomes. Ultimately, head-to-head trials comparing R-RPLND to open RPLND will be needed to determine the role of R-RPLND in the treatment of testicular cancer.
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Laparoscopía , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Neoplasias Testiculares , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Masculino , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in patients with a solitary kidney in a large multi-institutional database. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 2755 patients in the Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative database underwent RAPN by 22 surgeons at 14 centres in nine countries. Of these patients, 74 underwent RAPN with a solitary kidney between 2007 and 2016. We retrospectively analysed the functional and oncological outcomes of these 74 patients. A 'trifecta' of outcomes was assessed, with trifecta defined as a warm ischaemia time (WIT) of <20 min, negative surgical margins, and no complications intraoperatively or within 3 months of RAPN. RESULTS: All 74 patients underwent RAPN successfully with one conversion to radical nephrectomy. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) operative time was 180 (142-230) min. Early unclamping was used in 11 (14.9%) patients and zero ischaemia was used in 12 (16.2%). Trifecta outcomes were achieved in 38 of 66 patients (57.6%). The median (IQR) WIT was 15.5 (8.75-20.0) min for the entire cohort. The overall complication rate was 24.1% and the rate of Clavien-Dindo grade ≤II complications was 16.3%. Positive surgical margins were present in four cases (5.4%). The median (IQR) follow-up was 10.5 (2.12-24.0) months. The median drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 3 months was 7.0 mL/min/1.72 m2 (11.01%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that RAPN is a safe and effective treatment option for select renal tumours in solitary kidneys in terms of a trifecta of negative surgical margins, WIT of <20 min, and low operative and perioperative morbidity.
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Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/fisiología , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Nefrectomía/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Riñón Único/cirugía , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Bases de Datos Factuales , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Internacionalidad , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Márgenes de Escisión , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nefrectomía/efectos adversos , Tempo Operativo , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Seguridad del Paciente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/fisiopatología , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversos , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Robotic surgical techniques are now being applied in the setting of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) for testicular cancer. While laparoscopic RPLND has not been widely accepted, reports of robot assisted RPLND (RARPLND) are emerging. This manuscript will review the application of RPLND for testicular cancer, evolution of minimally invasive techniques, the controversies, and current status of RARPLND.
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Laparoscopía , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirugía , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Conversión a Cirugía Abierta/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Tiempo de Internación , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/efectos adversos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/instrumentación , Masculino , Tempo Operativo , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Neoplasias Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
SIGNIFICANCE: The combined preclinical features of NVL-520 that include potent targeting of ROS1 and diverse ROS1 resistance mutations, high selectivity for ROS1 G2032R over TRK, and brain penetration mark the development of a distinct ROS1 TKI with the potential to surpass the limitations of earlier-generation TKIs for ROS1 fusion-positive patients. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/genética , Aminopiridinas , Lactamas Macrocíclicas/farmacología , Lactamas , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Pirazoles , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Encéfalo , MutaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ability to predict the risk of intraoperative adverse events (IOAEs) for patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) can be of great clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: To develop and internally validate a preoperative nomogram predicting IOAEs for robot-assisted PN (RAPN). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this observational study, data for demographic, preoperative, and postoperative variables for patients who underwent RAPN were extracted from the Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative (VCQI) database. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: IOAEs were defined as the occurrence of intraoperative surgical complications, blood transfusion, or conversion to open surgery/radical nephrectomy. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of IOAEs. The nomogram was validated using bootstrapping, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the goodness of fit. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine the clinical utility of the model. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Among the 2114 patients in the study cohort, IOAEs were noted in 158 (7.5%). Multivariable analysis identified five variables as independent predictors of IOAEs: RENAL nephrometry score (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.25); clinical tumor size (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001-1.024); PN indication as absolute versus elective (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.6-5.7) and relative versus elective (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.2-8); Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30); and multifocal tumors (OR 8.8, 95% CI 5.4-14.1). A nomogram was developed using these five variables. The model was internally valid on bootstrapping and goodness of fit. The AUC estimated was 0.76 (95% CI 0.72-0.80). DCA revealed that the model was clinically useful at threshold probabilities >5%. Limitations include the lack of external validation and selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: We developed and internally validated a nomogram predicting IOAEs during RAPN. PATIENT SUMMARY: We developed a preoperative model than can predict complications that might occur during robotic surgery for partial removal of a kidney. Tests showed that our model is fairly accurate and it could be useful in identifying patients with kidney cancer for whom this type of surgery is suitable.
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Neoplasias Renales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Humanos , Nomogramas , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Nefrectomía/efectos adversos , Nefrectomía/métodos , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/etiología , Transfusión SanguíneaRESUMEN
To compare perioperative outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in patients with morbid obesity (body mass index (BMI > 40 kg/m2)) and non-obese patients. Using the Vattikuti Collective quality initiative (VCQI) database for RAPN, data for morbidly obese and non-obese patients was obtained. Propensity scores were calculated for two treatment groups (morbidly obese vs. non-obese) for the following variables i.e. age, sex, tumor size, RNS, surgical access (retroperitoneal/transperitoneal) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to ensure comparability. The primary outcome for the study was comparison of trifecta between the two groups. In this study, 158 morbidly obese patients were matched with 158 non-obese patients undergoing RAPN. Two groups matched well for age, sex, tumor size, eGFR and RNS. There was no difference between two groups for ischemia time, blood loss, blood transfusion, conversion to radical nephrectomy, length of stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications. Operative time was longer in morbidly obese patients (median 210 min vs. 120 min, p = 0.000). On pathological analysis, malignant tumors were more likely in the morbidly obese group (83.1% vs.73.4%, p = 0.018). Trifecta outcomes were comparable between the two groups (60.1% vs. 63.3%, p = 0.563). The Median duration of follow-up was 12 months (1-96 months). The morbidly obese group had significantly higher day one creatinine (1.25 ± 0.7 vs. 1.07 ± 0.37, p = 0.001) and significantly lower day one eGFR (62.1 ± 19 vs. 69.2 ± 21, p = 0.018). However, there was no difference between the two groups for the last follow-up creatinine and eGFR. RAPN in morbidly obese patients is associated with equivalent perioperative outcomes compared to non-obese patients.
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Neoplasias Renales , Obesidad Mórbida , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Obesidad Mórbida/complicaciones , Neoplasias Renales/complicaciones , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Creatinina , Nefrectomía/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Transfusión Sanguínea , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Partial nephrectomy is the preferred treatment option for the management of small renal masses. On-clamp partial nephrectomy is associated with a risk of ischemia and a greater loss of postoperative renal function, while the off-clamp procedure decreases the duration of renal ischemia, leading to better renal function preservation. However, the efficacy of the off- versus on-clamp partial nephrectomy for renal function preservation remains debatable. OBJECTIVE: To compare perioperative and functional outcomes following off- and on-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study used the prospective multinational collaborative Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative (VCQI) database for RAPN. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary objective of this study was the comparison of perioperative and functional outcomes between patients who underwent off- and on-clamp RAPN. Propensity scores were calculated for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), renal nephrometry score (RNS) and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of the 2114 patients, 210 had undergone off-clamp RAPN and others on-clamp procedure. Propensity matching was possible for 205 patients in a 1:1 ratio. After matching, the two groups were comparable for age, sex, BMI, tumor size, multifocality, tumor side, face of tumor, RNS, polar location of the tumor, surgical access, and preoperative hemoglobin, creatinine, and eGFR. There was no difference between the two groups for intraoperative (4.8% vs 5.3%, p = 0.823) and postoperative (11.2% vs 8.3%, p = 0.318) complications. Need for blood transfusion (2.9% vs 0, p = 0.030) and conversion to radical nephrectomy (10.2% vs 1%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the off-clamp group. At the last follow-up, there was no difference between the two groups for creatinine and eGFR. The mean fall in eGFR at the last follow-up compared with that at baseline was equivalent between the two groups (-16.0 vs -17.3 ml/min, p = 0.985). CONCLUSIONS: Off-clamp RAPN does not result in better renal functional preservation. Alternatively, it may be associated with increased rates of conversion to radical nephrectomy and need for blood transfusion. PATIENT SUMMARY: With this multicentric study, we noted that performing robotic partial nephrectomy without clamping the blood supply to the kidney is not associated with better preservation of renal function. However, off-clamp partial nephrectomy is associated with increased rates of conversion to radical nephrectomy and blood transfusion.
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INTRODUCTION: Oncologic implications of variant histology (VH) have been extensively studied in bladder cancer; however, further investigation is needed in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Our study aims to evaluate the impact of VH on oncological outcomes in UTUC patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent a robotic or laparoscopic RNU for UTUC using the ROBUUST database, a multi-institutional collaborative including 17 centers worldwide. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of VH on urothelial recurrence (bladder, contralateral upper tract), metastasis, and survival following RNU. RESULTS: A total of 687 patients were included in this study. Median (IQR) age was 71 (64-78) years and 470 (68%) had organ confined disease. VH was present in 70 (10.2%) patients. In a median follow-up of 16 months, the incidence of urothelial recurrence, metastasis, and mortality was 26.8%, 15.3%, and 11.8%, respectively. VH was associated with increased risk of metastasis (HR 4.3, P <.0001) and death (HR 2.0, P =.046). In multivariable analysis, VH was noted to be an independent risk factor for metastasis (HR 1.8, P =.03) but not for urothelial recurrence (HR 0.99, P =.97) or death (HR 1.4, P =.2). CONCLUSION: Variant histology can be found in 10% of patients with UTUC and is an independent risk factor for metastasis following RNU. Overall survival rates and the risk of urothelial recurrence in the bladder or contralateral kidney are not affected by the presence of VH.
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Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Neoplasias Ureterales , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Anciano , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Riñón/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Nefroureterectomía/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Ureterales/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugíaRESUMEN
To prospectively compare standard and valve-less insufflation systems on pneumoperitoneum-related complications in robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted during a 1.5-year period to compare insufflation-related complications in partial nephrectomy surgery by a single surgeon. Thirty-one patients were recruited for each group: AirSeal insufflation system at 12 mmHg (AIS12), AirSeal at 15 mmHg (AIS15), and conventional insufflation system at 15 mmHg (CIS). Primary outcome assessed was rate of subcutaneous emphysema. Secondary outcomes included rates of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, shoulder pain scores, overall pain scores, pain medication usage, insufflation time, recovery room time, length of hospital stay and impact of surgical approach. Predictors for subcutaneous emphysema were assessed with univariate and multivariate logistic models. 93 patients with similar baseline characteristics were randomized into the three insufflation groups. Incidence of subcutaneous emphysema was lower in the AIS12 group compared to CIS (19% vs 48%, p = 0.03,). Mean pain score was less for AIS12 compared to CIS at 12 h (3.1 vs 4.4, p = 0.03). Shoulder pain was less in AIS12 and AIS15 groups compared to CIS at 8 h (AIS12 vs CIS: 0.6 vs 1.6, p = 0.01, AIS15 vs CIS: 0.6 vs 1.6, p = 0.02), and between AIS12 as compared to CIS at 12 h (0.4 vs 1.4, p = 0.003) postoperatively. There was no difference between morphine equivalent use, insufflation time, recovery room time, and length of hospital stay. Multivariable regression analysis showed AirSeal at 12 mmHg and the transperitoneal approach to be the only significant predictors for lower risk of developing subcutaneous emphysema (p < 0.001). Compared to standard insufflation, AirSeal insufflation at 12 mmHg was associated with reduced risk of developing subcutaneous emphysema in robotic partial nephrectomy. Furthermore, shoulder pain was reduced in both AirSeal groups compared to standard insufflation. The retroperitoneal approach increases the risk of developing subcutaneous emphysema.
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Insuflación/efectos adversos , Insuflación/métodos , Nefrectomía/efectos adversos , Nefrectomía/métodos , Neumoperitoneo Artificial/efectos adversos , Neumoperitoneo Artificial/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Enfisema Subcutáneo/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Estudios Prospectivos , Dolor de Hombro/etiología , Dolor de Hombro/prevención & control , Enfisema Subcutáneo/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Following partial nephrectomy (PN), it is important to prevent any deterioration in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). At present there are no evidence-based recommendations on when a nephrology consultation should be requested and how to adjust postoperative management when the risk of renal function decline is high. In an effort to address this void, we used our previously published nomogram to define risk groups for a significant decline in eGFR at 3-15 mo after PN. We used the nomogram-derived probability as the independent variable for the classification and regression tree and identified four risk groups: low (0-10%), intermediate (10-21%), high (21-65%), and very high (65-100%). Overall, 336 (34%), 386 (39%), 243 (24%), and 34 (4%) patients fell in the low, intermediate, high, and very high risk groups, respectively. The rates of significant eGFR decline across the low, intermediate, high, and very high risk groups were 4%, 14%, 29%, and 79%. With the low risk category as a reference, the hazard ratio for eGFR decline was 3.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83-5.64) for the intermediate, 7.80 (95% CI 4.52-13.48) for the high, and 27.24 (95% CI 13.8-53.8) for the very high risk group (all p<0.001). These prognostic risk categories can be used to design postoperative follow-up schedules. A multidisciplinary approach can be considered for patients at high and very high risk of eGFR decline. PATIENT SUMMARY: We propose a new stratification system to identify individuals at high risk of a decline in renal function after robotic partial nephrectomy.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Renales , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Nefrectomía , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) can been employed as primary treatment for stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) as well as for treatment of post-chemotherapy masses. Open RPLND (O-RPLND) has long been the standard approach for lymphadenectomy, but is associated with significant morbidity. Laparoscopic RPLND (L-RPLND) was developed to mitigate the morbidity associated with O-RPLND, but is a technically challenging procedure requiring significant experience with laparoscopic dissection and suturing to remove lymph nodes behind the great vessels and to control vascular injury. Robotic RPLND (R-RPLND) has gained traction in recent years as an alternative to both O-RPLND and L-RPLND. With superior instrument dexterity and better visualization compared to L-RPLND, and with decreased morbidity, compared to O-RPLND, R-RPLND can be performed safely and effectively. With the latest advances in robotic technology, one can perform a full bilateral dissection without needing to reposition the patient or redock the robot. R-RPLND has been applied for both primary treatment as well as in patients with post-chemotherapy residual abdominal masses.