Body image disorders associated with lifestyle and body composition of female adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between body image disorders and the lifestyle and body composition of female adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Silhouette Scale and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 were used to evaluate the participants' body image. Body composition was evaluated by a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry equipment, and lifestyles were identified by latent class analysis (LCA) using the poLCA package for R. PARTICIPANTS: Female adolescents aged 14-19 years old, in the city of Viçosa-MG, Brazil. RESULTS: In total, 405 girls participated in the study. Almost half of the participants were dissatisfied with their current physical appearance (51·4 %), presented body perception distortions (52·9 %). 47·3 % of the adolescents were dissatisfied with their body according to the BSQ, and another 8 % severely so. Subjects with an 'Inactive and Sedentary' latent lifestyle were 1·71 times as likely to feel dissatisfied as those with active and sedentary or inactive and non-sedentary lifestyles (95 % CI 1·08, 2·90, P = 0·047). Body image disorders showed an association with decreased amounts of moderate and vigorous physical activity, high screen time, increased alcohol consumption and excess body fat. CONCLUSIONS: Particular patterns of lifestyle and body composition seem to be associated in female adolescents with dissatisfaction with, distortion of and excessive concern about appearance. Specifically, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption and high body fat percentage may be strongly linked to body image disorders.

Breastfeeding and obesity in Brazilian children.

BACKGROUND: The association between breastfeeding and obesity is inconsistent by the literature. This study aims to assess whether obesity is associated to occurrence of breastfeeding and to duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding in Brazilian children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 764 children enrolled in public and private schools from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Obesity (outcome variable) was defined as body mass index above the +2 standard deviations score using sex and age specific standards of World Health Organization. Exposure was the occurrence and duration of breastfeeding. Potential confounders were controlled by multiple logistic regression analysis and were divided in two groups: children (gender, age, birth weight, gestational age, order of birth, number of siblings, number of persons in the residence, type of school, physical activity patterns and time watching television) and mothers (age, nutritional status, level of education, weight gain during pregnancy, smokes currently and during the pregnancy). RESULTS: Prevalence of obesity was 10.7%; 6.8% of the children were not breastfed and 59.0% did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. After adjustment for confounding variables by logistic regression analysis, no statistically significant association was observed between obesity and the occurrence and/or duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding. There was no dose-response effect of duration of breastfeeding on prevalence of obesity. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that breastfeeding promotion would reduce obesity in this population. Controversial findings regarding this association by literature indicate a need for further investigations.

Body fat location and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight female adolescents and eutrophic female adolescents with a high percentage of body fat.

BACKGROUND: Excessive body fat, mainly abdominal fat, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. However, a fat localisation measurement that would be more indicative of risk in adolescents has not yet been established. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the correlation between body fat location measurements and cardiovascular disease risk factors in female adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 113 girls - 38 eutrophic according to their body mass index but with a high percentage of body fat, 40 eutrophic with adequate body fat, and 35 with excessive weight - were evaluated using 15 anthropometrical measurements and 10 cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: The central skinfold was the best measurement for predicting variables such as glycaemia and high-density lipoprotein; waist circumference for insulin and homeostasis model assessment; coronal diameter for total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein; sagittal abdominal diameter for triglycerides and leptin; hip circumference for blood pressure; and the central/peripheral skinfold ratio for homocysteine. The correlation between the measurements and the number of risk factors showed that waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio produced the best results. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the body fat distribution in adolescents is relevant in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. Simple measurements such as waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio were the best predictors of a risk of disease and they should therefore be associated with the body mass index in clinical practice in order to identify those adolescents at higher risk.

Exclusive breastfeeding and other foods in the first six months of life: effects on nutritional status and body composition of Brazilian children.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding and consumption of other foods in the first six months of life in the nutritional status and body composition of children. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 185 children aged from 4 to 7 years was monitored during the first months of life in a program of support to breastfeeding. We evaluated weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition by using DEXA. The nutritional status was assessed by the BMI/age index. The parameters of adiposity were classified by using as the cutoff point, the 85th percentile of the sample itself, according to gender and age. Confounding factors considered were variables related to maternal, pregnancy, birth, sociodemographic, health, lifestyle, and diet. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, the latter by means of multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The median exclusive breastfeeding was 3 months. Of the children, 42.7% received cow's milk and 35.7% received infant formula. Regarding nutritional status, 21.1% of the children showed changes. The variables of infant feeding were not independently associated with nutritional status and body composition of the children and there were no differences between the groups studied. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding was not a protective factor to overweight and body fat in children.

Inflammatory Biomarkers and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: a Systematic Review.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been prevalent among adolescents. The association between the concentration of inflammatory markers and the individual components of the metabolic syndrome indicates that inflammation, when there is no recent or ongoing disease, mediated by an inflammatory process, is an event that may precede the development of metabolic disorders in teenagers. The objective of this study is to verify the association of inflammatory biomarkers with the components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. From a search of 3 databases, 13 articles met the study inclusion criteria. Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies. The evaluated inflammatory biomarkers are related to the components of MetS (insulin resistance, central and visceral obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia), which may increase the risk of developing the syndrome in adolescents. The results of this review are of clinical relevance, since the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in the presence of metabolic alterations can help to identify the risk factors that lead to the progression of MetS in adolescents.

The TyG index cutoff point and its association with body adiposity and lifestyle in children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors associated with insulin resistance in children aged 4-7 years, and to identify the cutoff point of the triglyceride-glucose index for the prediction of insulin resistance in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 403 children from a retrospective cohort. Insulin resistance was also evaluated in a sub-sample using the HOMA index. Four indicators of body adiposity were assessed: body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and the percentages of total and central body fat. Food habits were evaluated by the identification of dietary patterns, using principal component analysis. Information was also collected on lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and breastfeeding time. RESULTS: The median index observed in the sample was 7.77, which did not differ between the genders. The shorter the time spent in active activities, the higher the triglyceride-glucose value; and increase in the values of body adiposity indicators was positively associated with triglyceride-glucose. The cutoff point with the best balance between sensitivity and specificity values was 7.88 (AUC=0.63, 95% CI: 0.51-0.74). CONCLUSION: The present study identified that total and central body adiposity and shorter time spent in lively activities was positively associated with insulin resistance, evaluated through the triglyceride-glucose index. The cutoff point of 7.88 may be used in this population for insulin resistance risk screening, but caution is required when using it in other populations.

Anthropometric patterns of adiposity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in older adults of Viçosa, Brazil: A population-based study.

AIM: To identify anthropometric patterns of adiposity and estimate their association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) in older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 537 older adults aged ≥60 years was carried out. Weight, height, and waist, hip and calf circumference were measured. The following indices were calculated: a body shape index, body roundness index, conicity index, body adiposity index, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-calf ratio, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-hip-to-height ratio. The anthropometric patterns of adiposity were obtained by factor analysis of principal components, and their association with hypertension and DM was identified by multiple Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Two anthropometric patterns of adiposity were identified. Pattern 1 and 2 explained approximately 53% and 33% of the total variance, respectively, in both sexes. Pattern 1 indicated of global adiposity, and weight, body mass index and hip circumference were the variables most strongly correlated with this pattern in both sexes. Pattern 2 represented the body fat distribution, being a body shape index the most important variable in this factor. After adjustment by confounding factors, only the pattern 2 remained significantly associated with DM in women. CONCLUSIONS: Only the anthropometric pattern of adiposity central was associated with DM in older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 584-591.

Risk factors for anemia in infants assisted by public health services: the importance of feeding practices and iron supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors for anemia in infants assisted by public health services. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study carried out in Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 205 children from 6 to 12 months were evaluated. Socioeconomic, environmental and biological data were collected, as well as information on child's birth, nutritional status, maternal data, child health care practices, feeding practices, and iron supplementation. Diagnosis of anemia was based on hemoglobin levels under 11 g/dL, using a portable Hemocue photometer. To analyze variables associated with anemia, a hierarchical logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 57.6%. Family income per capita less than 0.5 minimum wage, frequency of fruit intake less than daily and lack of iron supplementation increased the chance of anemia among infants. CONCLUSION: Adequate health and nutrition support to low income families, promotion of healthy nutritional habits and prescription of iron supplements are of great importance to prevent and manage anemia in infants assisted by public health services.

[Dietary assessment of the patients detected with hiperglycemia in the "Detection of Diabetes in Suspect Cases Campaign" in Viçosa, MG]. / Avaliação dietética dos pacientes detectados com hiperglicemia na "Campanha de Detecção de Casos Suspeitos de Diabetes" no município de Viçosa, MG.

The purpose of this work is to assess the current, qualitative and quantitative alimentary consumption of patients detected with hiperglycemia in the "Detection of Diabetes in Suspect Cases Campaign" in Viçosa, MG. 256 patients were detected with hiperglycemia in 2001; however, 156 (60.9%) were assessed in 2004. The remaining people were dead, had changed their address, did not accept to participate in the study or did not have diagnosed diabetes. The hiperglycemic patients answered an alimentary frequency questionnaire for assessing their dietary intake and their usual diet recall, both previously tested in pilot-population. The most daily consumed foods were vegetable oil (99%), bean (94%), rice (90%), artificial sweetener (80%), leaf vegetables (63%), milk (61%), and French bread (54%). Most of the patients said they avoid sugar, sugary foods and animal fats. The largest percentiles of nutrients inadequacy happened for energy (85%), fibers (87%), calcium (94%), carbohydrates (82%), monounsaturated fats (91%) and proteins (58%). These last three happened in relation to total energy intake values. The current data allowed us to know about the alimentary habits of these people and also to stimulate nutrition intakes, being useful to the nutritional counseling, suggesting specific orientations in order to provide a more appropriate feeding, contributing to better health conditions and well-being.

The TyG index cutoff point and its association with body adiposity and lifestyle in children / Ponto de corte do índice TyG e sua associação com a adiposidade corporal e estilo de vida em crianças

Abstract Objective: To investigate the factors associated with insulin resistance in children aged 4-7 years, and to identify the cutoff point of the triglyceride-glucose index for the prediction of insulin resistance in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 403 children from a retrospective cohort. Insulin resistance was also evaluated in a sub-sample using the HOMA index. Four indicators of body adiposity were assessed: body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and the percentages of total and central body fat. Food habits were evaluated by the identification of dietary patterns, using principal component analysis. Information was also collected on lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and breastfeeding time. Results: The median index observed in the sample was 7.77, which did not differ between the genders. The shorter the time spent in active activities, the higher the triglyceride-glucose value; and increase in the values of body adiposity indicators was positively associated with triglyceride-glucose. The cutoff point with the best balance between sensitivity and specificity values was 7.88 (AUC = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.51-0.74). Conclusion: The present study identified that total and central body adiposity and shorter time spent in lively activities was positively associated with insulin resistance, evaluated through the triglyceride-glucose index. The cutoff point of 7.88 may be used in this population for insulin resistance risk screening, but caution is required when using it in other populations.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar os fatores associados à resistência à insulina em crianças de 4 a 7 anos, e identificar o ponto de corte do índice triglicerídeos-glicemia (TyG) para predição da RI nessa população. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 403 crianças pertencentes a uma coorte retrospectiva. A resistência à insulina foi avaliada pelo índice triglicerídeos-glicemia e também pelo índice HOMA, este em uma subamostra. Avaliou-se quatro indicadores de adiposidade corporal: o índice de massa corporal, a relação cintura-estatura e os percentuais de gordura corporal total e central. O hábito alimentar foi avaliado pela identificação dos padrões alimentares, utilizando-se a análise de componentes principais. Foram coletadas também informações sobre estilo de vida, condição socioeconômica e tempo de aleitamento materno. Resultados: A mediana observada do índice triglicerídeos-glicemia na amostra foi de 7,77 e não diferiu entre os sexos. Quanto menor o tempo diário em atividades ativas, maior o valor de triglicerídeos-glicemia; e o aumento nos valores dos indicadores de adiposidade corporal associou-se positivamente com o triglicerídeos-glicemia. O ponto de corte com melhor equilíbrio entre os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade foi o de 7,88 (AUC = 0,63; IC 95% 0,51 - 0,74). Conclusão: O presente estudo identificou que a adiposidade corporal total e central e o menor tempo diário em atividades ativas associou-se positivamente com a resistência à insulina, avaliada pelo índice triglicerídeos-glicemia. O ponto de corte de 7,88 pode ser utilizado nessa população para triagem do risco de resistência à insulina, mas é necessário cautela na sua utilização em outras populações.

Prevalência e etiologia da anemia em idosos: uma revisão integral / Prevalence and etiology of anemia in the elderly: a full review

Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência e a etiologia da anemia em idosos nos estudos originais publicados. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2013, nas bases de dados eletrônicos PubMed e Science Direct. Utilização de descritores pré-determinados em inglês, abrangendo artigos que utilizassem: “anemia”, “elderly”, “etiology”, usados em combinação. Resultados: Foram encontrados 77 artigos. Após processo de filtragem selecionou-se 18 estudos que apresentavam resultados da prevalência e etiologia da anemia em idosos. Conclusão: Observou-se grande amplitude nas prevalências de anemias (5,5% a 62,6%), assim como a etiologia. Idosos hospitalizados e institucionalizados apresentaram elevadas prevalências de anemia com aumento para risco de mortalidade. Idosos não institucionalizados constituíram a maior parte da população alvo e nesses, a principal etiologia da anemia foi doença crônica e inexplicada. A etiologia da anemia encontrada nestas pesquisas contemplou as três principais causas de anemia nos idosos, quais seja por deficiências nutricionais, doenças crônicas e anemia inexplicada, confirmando a multifatorialidade desta doença...

Purpuses: to describe the prevalence and etiology of anemia in the elderly in the original studies published. Methods: systematic review of articles published between 2008 and 2013, the electronic databases PubMed and Science Direct. Using descriptors predetermined english, covering articles that used: “anemia”,“elderly”, “etiology”, used in combination. Results: was founded 77 articles. After filtering process were selected 18 studies that presented results of prevalence and etiology of anemia in the elderly. Conclusion: there was a wide range in the prevalence of anemia (5.5% to 62.6%), as well as the etiology. Hospitalized and institutionalized elderly showed a high prevalence of anemia with increased risk formortality. Non-institutionalized elderly constituted the majority of the target population and the main cause of anemia was chronic and unexplained. The etiology of anemia found in these surveys included the threemain causes of anemia in the elderly, which is by nutritional deficiencies, chronic and unexplained anemia, confirming this multifactorial disease...

O controle social em cena: refletindo sobre a participação popular no contexto dos Conselhos de Saúde / Social Control on the scene: reflecting on people's participation in the context of Health Councils

O presente estudo se propõe a analisar a experiência do controle social, via Conselho de Saúde - CS, em um município de pequeno porte, utilizando o referencial teórico da pesquisa qualitativa. Diante da realidade vivenciada, observamos que a possibilidade de uma gestão participativa no SUS não se consolidou como uma prática efetiva. O que se verificou foi um grande desconhecimento sobre as bases legais e ideológicas da participação social em saúde, gerando assim uma forte influência dos gestores locais na dinâmica e no funcionamento do CS, principalmente na determinação de seus membros, impedindo, dessa forma, que esse seja um espaço concreto para que os usuários se apropriem da forma institucional e política do conselho.

This study is aims to examine the experience of social control by the Health Council (HC) in a small city, through the theoretical framework of qualitative research. The research showed that the possibility of a participative management in the SUS is not consolidated as an effective exercise. We observed widespread ignorance about the legal and ideological foundations of social participation in health, which results in a strong influence of local managers on the dynamics and functioning of the HC, mainly in the determination of its members, thus preventing it from being a practical space for users to take ownership of the institutional form and the council's policy.

Risk factors for anemia in infants assisted by public health services: the importance of feeding practices and iron supplementation

OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores de risco para anemia em lactentes atendidos nos serviços públicos de saúde. MÉTODOS: Em estudo transversal, foram avaliadas 205 crianças de 6 a 12 meses no município de Viçosa (MG). A coleta de dados envolveu variáveis socioeconômicas, ambientais e biológicas, bem como aquelas relacionadas ao estado nutricional, à mãe, ao nascimento, ao cuidado com a saúde infantil, às práticas alimentares e à suplementação com ferro. O diagnóstico da anemia baseou-se nos valores de hemoglobina inferiores a 11 g/dL, utilizando o fotômetro portátil Hemocue. Na análise da associação das variáveis com a anemia, foi utilizada a regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anemia foi de 57,6 por cento. Apresentaram maior chance de anemia os lactentes que pertenciam às famílias com renda per capita inferior a 0,5 salário mínimo, não consumiam frutas diariamente e não ingeriam suplementos medicamentosos com ferro. CONCLUSÃO: A adequada assistência à saúde e nutrição das famílias de baixa renda, o incentivo às práticas alimentares saudáveis e a prescrição de suplementos medicamentosos com ferro são medidas de grande importância para a prevenção e o controle da anemia entre os lactentes atendidos nos serviços públicos de saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors for anemia in infants assisted by public health services. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study carried out in Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 205 children from 6 to 12 months were evaluated. Socioeconomic, environmental and biological data were collected, as well as information on child's birth, nutritional status, maternal data, child health care practices, feeding practices, and iron supplementation. Diagnosis of anemia was based on hemoglobin levels under 11 g/dL, using a portable Hemocue photometer. To analyze variables associated with anemia, a hierarchical logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 57.6 percent. Family income per capita less than 0.5 minimum wage, frequency of fruit intake less than daily and lack of iron supplementation increased the chance of anemia among infants. CONCLUSION: Adequate health and nutrition support to low income families, promotion of healthy nutritional habits and prescription of iron supplements are of great importance to prevent and manage anemia in infants assisted by public health services.

Avaliação dietética dos pacientes detectados com hiperglicemia na "Campanha de Detecção de Casos Suspeitos de Diabetes" no município de Viçosa, MG / Dietary assessment of the patients detected with hiperglycemia in the "Detection of Diabetes in Suspect Cases Campaign" in Viçosa, MG / Dietary assessment of the patients detected with hiperglycemia in the \"Detection of Diabetes in Suspect Cases Campaign\" in Viçosa, MG

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo alimentar atual, qualitativo e quantitativo, de pacientes detectados com hiperglicemia na Campanha de Detecção de Casos Suspeitos de Diabetes, no município de Viçosa, MG. Dos 256 detectados com hiperglicemia em 2001, 156 (61 por cento) foram avaliados em 2004, sendo que o restante havia falecido, mudado de endereço, não aceitou participar do estudo ou não era diabético confirmado. Aplicou-se um questionário de freqüência de consumo alimentar e um recordatório da dieta habitual, ambos testados previamente em população-piloto. Os alimentos mais consumidos diariamente foram óleo vegetal (99 por cento), feijão (94 por cento), arroz (90 por cento), adoçante (80 por cento), vegetais folhosos (63 por cento), leite (61 por cento) e pão francês (54 por cento). A maior parte relatou evitar açúcar, alimentos açucarados e gorduras animais. Os maiores percentuais de inadequação de nutrientes ocorreram para energia (85 por cento), fibras (87 por cento), cálcio (94 por cento), percentual de carboidratos (82 por cento), gorduras monoinsaturadas (91 por cento) e proteínas (58 por cento), sendo os três últimos em relação ao Valor Energético Total ingerido. Os dados encontrados permitiram conhecer os hábitos alimentares desta população e estimar a ingestão de nutrientes, podendo ser úteis ao aconselhamento nutricional, sugerindo orientações específicas que poderão proporcionar uma alimentação mais adequada, contribuindo para melhores condições de saúde e bem-estar.

The purpose of this work is to assess the current, qualitative and quantitative alimentary consumption of patients detected with hiperglycemia in the "Detection of Diabetes in Suspect Cases Campaign" in Viçosa, MG. 256 patients were detected with hiperglycemia in 2001; however, 156 (60.9 percent) were assessed in 2004. The remaining people were dead, had changed their address, did not accept to participate in the study or did not have diagnosed diabetes. The hiperglycemic patients answered an alimentary frequency questionnaire for assessing their dietary intake and their usual diet recall, both previously tested in pilot-population. The most daily consumed foods were vegetable oil (99 percent), bean (94 percent), rice (90 percent), artificial sweetener (80 percent), leaf vegetables (63 percent), milk (61 percent), and French bread (54 percent). Most of the patients said they avoid sugar, sugary foods and animal fats. The largest percentiles of nutrients inadequacy happened for energy (85 percent), fibers (87 percent), calcium (94 percent), carbohydrates (82 percent), monounsaturated fats (91 percent) and proteins (58 percent). These last three happened in relation to total energy intake values. The current data allowed us to know about the alimentary habits of these people and also to stimulate nutrition intakes, being useful to the nutritional counseling, suggesting specific orientations in order to provide a more appropriate feeding, contributing to better health conditions and well-being.