[Effect of bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation on miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 expression in mice with ulcerative colitis].

Objective: To investigate the effect of bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation on the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 in mice with ulcerative colitis(UC). Methods: Healthy and clean KM mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into transplantation group, model group and normal control group with 15 mice in each group. In the transplantation group and model group, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to establish the model for 24 h. The mice in the transplantation group were injected with 0.4 ml of 4 ', 6-diaminol-2-phenylindole (DAPI) -labeled P3-BM-MNCs cell suspension (3.2×10(6) cells/ml), and the mice in the model group and the normal control group were injected with 0.4 ml phosphate buffer (PBS).UC disease activity index (DAI) was used to test the general condition of mice; HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissue; Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 mRNA. Results: DAI scores of normal control group, model group and transplantation group were 0 (0,1), 3.1 (2.8,3.3) and 2.7 (2.4,3.1),respectively. Compared with normal control group, the DAI score of model group and transplantation group was higher (P<0.05), and the DAI score of transplantation group was lower than that of model group (P<0.05). The gross scores of tissue injury in normal control group, model group and transplantation group were 0 (0, 1), 3 (3, 4) and 1 (1, 2), respectively,and the pathological scores of tissue injury were 0 (0, 1), 16 (12, 16) and 6 (6, 8), respectively,compared with the normal control group. The tissue injury score of the model group and the transplantation group was higher (P<0.05), and the tissue injury score of the transplantation group was lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). The expression levels of miRNA-21 mRNA in normal control group, model group and transplantation group were 0.87±0.15, 2.38±0.29 and 1.59±0.32, respectively, and the expression levels of miRNA-155 mRNA were 1.87±0.46, 7.38±1.97 and 3.92±0.84, respectively, compared with the normal control group, the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 mRNA in the model group and transplantation group was higher (P<0.01), the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 mRNA in the transplantation group was lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation can improve the histopathological and DAI scores of mice with UC, which may be related to the down-regulation of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 mRNA expression.

[Survey of prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women in urban areas of China].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women in urban areas of China. Methods: The study was a national cross-sectional survey conducted from September 19th, 2016 to November 20th, 2016. According to the classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, all survey sites were set up in 6 regions of the country.Pregnant women were continuously selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 12 403 pregnant women were collected and examined for serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Results: The median serum ferritin level during pregnancy was 20.60 µg/L (11.78-36.98 µg/L) , the hemoglobin level was (118±12) g/L. With the progress of pregnancy, the levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin decreased gradually. The median serum ferritin levels in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 54.30 µg/L (34.48-94.01 µg/L) , 28.60 µg/L (16.40-50.52 µg/L) , and 16.70 µg/L (10.20-27.00 µg/L) respectively (P<0.01) . The mean hemoglobin levels were (127±10) g/L, (119±11) g/L and (117±11) g/L respectively (P<0.01) . The prevalence of ID in urban pregnant women was 48.16% (5 973/12 403) , and IDA prevalence was 13.87% (1 720/12 403) . The prevalence of IDA in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 1.96% (20/1 019) , 8.40% (293/3 487) and 17.82% (1 407/7 897) ,respectively (P<0.01) . The prevalence of standardized ID and IDA were significantly different in various regions of China (P<0.01) . The standardized prevalence of ID were relatively higher in East China and Northeast China, 57.37% and 53.41% respectively, while it was the lowest in Southwest China, 30.51%. The standardized prevalence of IDA in South Central, Northwest, and East China were relatively high, 21.30%, 16.97% and 17.53% respectively, and the standardized prevalence of IDA in Southwest China was the lowest, 5.44%, the differents in various regions were significant (all P<0.01) . Conclusion: The current phenomenon of ID and IDA in pregnant women is still very common, and nutrition and health care during pregnancy should be strengthened.

Genetic polymorphisms of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, xenoestrogen, phytoestrogen, and premenopausal breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest a combined effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) and igf binding protein 3 (igfbp-3) gene polymorphisms, xenoestrogen, and phytoestrogen on the igf-1 signalling pathway and serum concentrations in the igf system, which are associated with premenopausal breast cancer (bca) risk. METHODS: Between 2010 and 2012, our study recruited 140 premenopausal bca patients and 160 community-based premenopausal control subjects. Participants were surveyed about oral contraceptive (oc) use, dietary habits, and other bca risk factors. TaqMan assays were used to determine igf-1 rs1520220 and igfbp-3 rs2854744 genotypes. Daily intakes of energy-adjusted soy isoflavones (easis) were calculated by the residual method. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ors) and 95% confidence intervals (cis) of the igf-1 rs1520220 and igfbp-3 rs2854744 genotypes, oc use, and intake of easis. Stratified analyses were performed to detect the gene-environment combined effect, and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate interaction coefficients (iors) by the multiplicative model, with 95% cis. The delta method was used to calculate interaction coefficients by the additive model [relative excess risk of interaction (reri), attributable proportions of interaction (apis)] and 95% cis. RESULTS: The igf-1 and igfbp-3 genotypes, oc use, and easis were not found to be associated with bca risk (p > 0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the risk of bca was markedly increased in women carrying the igfbp-3C allele and using ocs compared with women either carrying the igfbp-3C allele or using ocs (or: 3.02; 95% ci: 1.04 to 8.79). The interaction coefficients ior, reri, and api were 4.89 (95% ci: 1.09 to 21.90), 2.42 (95% ci: -0.76 to 5.61), and 0.80 (95% ci: 0.46 to 1.67) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The igfbp-3 rs2854744 polymorphism and oc use might synergistically increase premenopausal bca risk.

Reactivation and/or growth of fecal coliform bacteria during centrifugal dewatering of anaerobically digested biosolids.

Fecal coliform bacteria are used as indicator organisms for the presence of pathogens. In sludges, it has often been assumed that the counts of fecal coliforms after digestion (where the sludges may also be called biosolids) are representative of the counts when the sludge is disposed or recycled, such as by land application. The possibility has been raised, however, that dewatering processes can lead to increased counts of fecal coliforms and, by inference, human pathogens. This paper presents data from previous studies of this possibility; the results were inconsistent but showed observable increases in fecal coliforms at one treatment plant. Additional studies were then performed at another treatment facility, which showed statistically significant increases in fecal coliform counts after dewatering and two days of aging. The increases exceeded two orders of magnitude and included two centrifuge types and two biosolids types. Artifacts of media type and enumeration method have been excluded, and shearing of the material by commercial blender did not produce the same effects.