Contribution to the mitogenome diversity in Delphacinae: Phylogenetic and ecological implications.

We document the complete (or nearly complete) mitogenomes of 20 Delphacidae taxa, and together with 17 other delphacid mitogenomes currently in GenBank, to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Delphacinae and to investigate mitogenome differences among members of Delphacini, Tropidocephalini and Saccharosydnini. The mitogenomes of the 20 species encode the complete set of 37 genes usually found in animal mitogenomes. The length of complete mitogenomes in Delphacinae ranges from 15,531 to 16,231 bp. The gene order of all newly sequenced mitogenomes are identical, and the mitogenome gene order of Stenocranus matsumurai Metcalf in Stenocraninae has a transposition of tRNAThr. The two-clade system in Tropidocephalini was supported with high value (PP = 1, BS = 100), and the monophyly of Bambusiphaga was recovered in this study. Finally, we found that the host shift from plants with a C3 to a C4 photosynthetic pathway appears to have occurred independently in several clades.

Alafrasca sticta, a new genus and species of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) with a checklist of the tribe from China.

A new monotypic genus of empoascine leafhopper, Alafrasca gen. nov. is described and illustrated for A. sticta sp. nov. from Sichuan, China as its type species. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of the new species are given. A checklist of the tribe in China is also provided.

Lauriana Ren & Qin, a new genus of the tribe Tropidocephalini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) from China.

A new delphacid genus and species, Lauriana senticosa Ren & Qin, gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Tropidocephalini) is described from Sichuan, China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of the new species are given, and the differences between the new genus and its closely related genera are discussed.

A key to genera of Dikraneurini from China, with description of a new species of Cornicola Ohara & Hayashi (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae).

The leafhopper genus Cornicola Ohara & Hayashi, previously recorded from Japan, is recorded from China for the first time and a new species, C.maculatus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov., is described and illustrated, including its color polymorphism. This genus has male genitalia and hind wing venation similar to those found in Empoascini but it is more appropriately placed in Dikraneurini. A key to species of Cornicola is given together with a key to the genera of Dikraneurini from China.

A new genus of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Papua New Guinea.

Ivmaka longicaudatus gen. et sp. nov. is described based on specimens from Papua New Guinea. Habitus photos and illustrations of the male genitalia of this new species are given and differences between the new genus with closely related genera are discussed.

Revision of the genus Homa Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae).

The leafhopper genus Homa Distant is revised. Four new species, H. osificata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., H. oretinia Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., H. asilata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., and H. algulata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., are described from Thailand. H. haematoptilus (Kirkaldy) is redescribed based on specimens from the Oriental Region. All included species are illustrated and a key is provided to separate species for which males are known.

Two new species and a new combination in the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 for Ricaniidae from China (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha).

Two new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 within the family Ricaniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from China are described and illustrated: R. curva sp. nov. and R. peronata sp. nov. Ricania cacaonis Chou et Lu, 1977 is redescribed and transferred to genus Ricanula. Ricanula pulverosa (Stl, 1865) is re-illustrated.

Two new empoascine leafhopper genera, Thaioasca and Mjolnirus, from Thailand (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of Empoascini in Thailand.

Two new microleafhopper genera of Empoascini, Thaioasca Wang, Xu Qin, gen. nov. and Mjolnirus Wang, Xu Qin, gen. nov., based on the type species, Thaioasca contaminata Wang, Xu Qin, sp. nov. and Mjolnirus mediolobus Wang, Xu Qin, sp. nov. are described from Thailand. Male habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of these two new species are given. A checklist of Empoascini from Thailand is also provided.

A new genus and species, Barbaropus flatus, from Ecuador with notes on Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae).

A new microleafhopper genus, Barbaropus gen. nov., is described based on a new species, Barbaropus flatus sp. nov. from Ecuador. Male habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia are provided and differences between the new genus and closely related Neotropical genera are discussed. The relationship and the status of this new genus within the tribe are also discussed.

Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Changeondelphax velitchkovskyi (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea).

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Changeondelphax velitchkovskyi (Melichar 1913). The complete mitogenome sequence of C. velitchkovskyi was observed to be a circular molecule 16,449 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (GenBank accession no. MG049916). This nucleotide composition is biased toward adenine and thymine (75.7% A + T). The A + T-rich region is found between rrnS and trnI, and this entire region was 1781 bp long.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea).

In this study, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis. The complete mitogenome sequence of P. maidis was observed to be a circular molecule 16,279 bp long and consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (GenBank accession no. MG049917). The nucleotide composition is biased toward adenine and thymine (77.8% A + T). The A + T-rich region was found between rrnS and trnI, and this entire region was 1596 bp long.

Resolving phylogenetic relationships of Delphacini and Tropidocephalini (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae) as inferred from four genetic loci.

This paper explores the phylogeny of the delphacid subfamily Delphacinae based on nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences of four genetic loci (16S rDNA, 28S rDNA, Cytochrome oxidase I and Cytochrome b). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yield robust phylogenetic trees. The topologies support the monophyly of Delphacinae and its basal split into three tribes, and provisionally support subdividing Delphacini into three clades, including a more broadly defined Numatina. The tribe Tropidocephalini is divided into two clades. In addition, Paranectopia is transferred from Tropidocephalini to Delphacini and Harmalia syn. nov. is regarded as a junior synonym of Opiconsiva. The genera Bambusiphaga, Megadelphax and Muirodelphax are found to be paraphyletic. The estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of Delphacinae is roughly at 90 million years ago in Late Cretaceous.

Yunicella, a new genus in the Empoasca-complex of the Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China and Thailand.

A new leafhopper genus, Yunicella gen. nov., based on the type species, Yunicella rotunda, sp. nov., is described from Yunnan (southwest China) and Thailand, and placed in the Empoasca-complex of the tribe Empoascini. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of this new species are given. Differences between this new genus and related genera are also discussed.

Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China.

Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898: R. unica sp. nov., R. fujianensis sp. nov. and R. hainanensis sp. nov. are described from south China. An identification key to Ricanula species in Chinese fauna is provided. Photographs of the adults and illustrations of genital structures of the new species are also given.

Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna.

A new leafhopper genus of the tribe Empoascini, Rubiparvus gen. nov., is described based on Rubiparvus bistigma sp. nov. from Yunnan (southwest China). Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of this new species are given. Differences between the new genus and closely related genera are discussed. A checklist of the Alebroides generic group in the Chinese fauna is provided.

A new species of the genus Euricania Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China, with a world checklist and a key to all species recorded for the country.

One new species of the planthopper genus Euricania Melichar, 1898 - E. paraclara sp. nov. is described from Guizhou (southwest China). A checklist of all Euricania species and an identification key to the species of the Chinese fauna are provided. Photographs of the adult and illustrations of male and female genitalia of the new species are also given.

Revision of the genus Ficiana Ghauri and its relationship to other genera in Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae).

The empoascine genus Ficiana Ghauri is reviewed based on specimens from China. One new Ficiana species, Ficiana aurantia sp. n. is described from Guangxi in south China. An identification key to all species in this genus is provided. The morphological characters of Ficiana and related genera in this tribe are discussed.

Mestus cruciatus, a new delphacid species from southwest China with some remarks on the genus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae).

A new delphacid (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae) species, Mestus cruciatus sp. n. is described based on specimens from Yunnan Province, China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia are provided. The Mestus species and phylogenetic arrangement of this genus is discussed. A key to the species of Mestus is also provided.

Flaviata longa, a new species in Flaviata Lu & Qin and new synonymies in Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini).

A new species of genus Flaviata Lu & Qin, Flaviata longa sp. nov. is described from Yunnan (southwest China). An identification key for males of all known species in this genus is provided. Photographs and illustrations of adults and male genitalia of the new species are also given. New synonymies for two species in the leafhopper subgenus Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev of Empoascini are proposed: E. (M.) southerni Zhang, 2014 = E. (M.) clypealata Qin & Zhang, 2011; E. (M.) qini Zhang, 2014 = E. (M.) quadrialata Qin & Zhang, 2011.