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Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common injury among runners, and it is thought that abnormal lower extremity biomechanics contribute to its development. However, the relationship between biomechanical changes after a marathon and PFPS injury remains limited. This study aims to investigate whether differences in knee and hip kinematics and lower extremity muscle activities exist in recreational runners before and after a marathon. Additionally, it aims to explore the relationship between these biomechanical changes and the development of PFPS injury. 12 recreational runners participated in the study. Kinematics and muscle activities of the lower extremity were recorded during walking (5 km/h) and running (10 km/h) tasks within 24 hours before and within 5 hours after a marathon. After the marathon, there was a significant decrease in peak knee flexion (walking: p = 0.006; running: p = 0.006) and an increase in peak hip internal rotation (walking: p = 0.026; running: p = 0.015) during the stance phase of both walking and running compared to before the marathon. The study demonstrates a decrease in knee flexion and an increase in hip internal rotation during the stance phase of gait tasks after completing a marathon, which may increase the risk of developing PFPS injury.
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Extremidad Inferior , Carrera de Maratón , Músculo Esquelético , Síndrome de Dolor Patelofemoral , Caminata , Humanos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Caminata/fisiología , Masculino , Adulto , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Extremidad Inferior/fisiología , Femenino , Carrera de Maratón/fisiología , Síndrome de Dolor Patelofemoral/fisiopatología , Carrera/fisiología , Marcha/fisiología , Articulación de la Cadera/fisiología , Cadera/fisiología , Electromiografía , Rodilla/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiología , Rotación , Estudios de Tiempo y MovimientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cerebral stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort. (LCH), a well-known Chinese herb, is widely used for the treatment of cerebral stroke. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of LCH in cerebral stroke and develop a diagnostic model. METHODS: We employed network pharmacology analyses to identify the active compounds, targets, and underlying mechanisms of LCH for treating cerebral stroke. Molecular docking was performed to visualize the binding site between the core active compounds and hub targets. Furthermore, a diagnostic model for cerebral stroke was constructed based on transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that LCH contains multiple active ingredients, including oleic acid and caffeic acid. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified IL1B, CCL2, MAPK3, PTGS2, JUN, MMP9, TLR4, HIF1A, PPARA, FOS, PTEN, NFE2L2, TLR2, TIMP1, and SOD2 as the top 15 hub genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis highlighted the enrichment of TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated binding sites between oleic acid, caffeic acid, and MMP9, PPARP, PTEN, and TIMP1. The diagnostic model indicated that FOS, MMP9, PPARA, PTEN, TIMP1, and TLR2 serve as blood biomarkers for cerebral stroke. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that LCH alleviates the symptoms following cerebral stroke through interactions with the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of LCH and offer insights into the development of a diagnostic model for cerebral stroke.
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Interleucina-17 , Ligusticum , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Farmacología en Red , Ácido Oléico , Receptor Toll-Like 2 , Perfilación de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
Corticocortical neuroplastic changes from higher-order cortices to primary motor cortex (M1) have been described for procedural sequence learning. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays critical roles in cognition, including in motor learning and memory. However, neuroplastic changes in the DLPFC and their influence on M1 and on motor learning are not well understood. The present study examined bilateral DLPFC-M1 changes in plasticity induced by procedural motor sequence learning in a serial reaction time task. DLPFC plasticity induced by procedural sequence learning was examined by comparing before vs. after training assessments of ipsilateral/contralateral DLPFC-M1 interactions between sequence order and random order trials performed using either the left or right hand. Intra-hemispheric (inter-stimulus interval [ISI] = 10 ms) and inter-hemispheric (ISI = 10 or 50 ms) DLPFC-M1 interactions and single-pulse motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The reaction times of participants measured during motor training were faster for sequence learning than for random learning with either hand. Paired-pulse TMS induced DLPFC-M1 interactions that were disinhibited after motor sequence learning, especially for left DLPFC-left M1 interactions with right hand task performance and for left DLPFC-right M1 interactions with left hand task performance. These findings indicate that motor sequence learning induces neuroplastic changes to enhance DLPFC-M1 interactions. This manifestation of plasticity showed hemispheric specificity, favoring the left DLPFC. DLPFC plasticity may be a useful index of DLPFC function and may be a treatment target for enhancing DLPFC function and motor learning.
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Corteza Motora , Corteza Prefontal Dorsolateral , Potenciales Evocados Motores/fisiología , Humanos , Corteza Motora/fisiología , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiología , Estimulación Magnética TranscranealRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This case series evaluates the safety and effectiveness of 3D-printed scaffold in chronic wounds. The scaffold is a composite of natural and synthetic materials, and can be prepared in the form of powder or membrane. METHOD: We recruited patients with pressure ulcera (PU) and/or a diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). We used two methods: 3D-printed scaffolds alone, or 3D-printing powder mixed with platelet-rich fibrinogen (PRF). Clinicians and patients were asked to rate the scaffold's ease of application and comfort during use. RESULTS: A total of five patients were recruited; four with a PU and one with a DFU. For the patient treated with the 3D-printed scaffold membrane (n=1), their PU healed in 28 days, and for patients treated with the 3D-printed scaffold powder (n=2), their PUs healed in 54 days. For the patients treated with the 3D-printing powder mixed with PRF (n=2), the patient with a PU healed in 11 days, and the patient with the DFU healed in 14 days. All clinicians rated the 3D-printed scaffold as 'easy' or 'very easy' to use, and patients rated their comfort during wear and at dressing change as 'good' or 'very good'. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that 3D-printed scaffold was convenient to use, have the potential to improve wound healing rates, and provided a safe and effective way for treating chronic wounds.
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Enfermedad Crónica/terapia , Pie Diabético/terapia , Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas , Úlcera por Presión/terapia , Impresión Tridimensional , Andamios del Tejido/estadística & datos numéricos , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), a condition characterized by severe, persistent, and disabling grief, is newly included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. Psychotherapies are among the most recommended treatments for PGD, but which should be considered as first-line treatment needs to be clarified. The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to synthesize the available evidence to compare five outcomes of different psychotherapies on PGD in adults and identify the optimal psychotherapy modality to inform clinical decision-making for the treatment of PGD. METHOD: A comprehensive search was conducted in 7 databases from inception until March 20th, 2023. In the frequentist framework, pairwise and network meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed for outcomes with 95â¯% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: There were 2962 records found and 55 studies (1,0330 participants) assessing 11 different psychological interventions were included. Compared with the waiting list, behavioral therapy (SMD=-1.05; 95â¯%CI=-1.71, -0.38), third-wave cognitive behavior therapy (SMD=-1.00; 95â¯%CI =-1.41, -0.58), family therapy (SMD=-0.87; 95â¯%CI=-1.59, -0.16), psychodynamic therapy (SMD=-0.88; 95â¯%CI=-1.67, -0.10) and cognitive therapy (SMD=-0.84; 95â¯%CI=-1.57, -0.12) were statistically effective in reducing grief symptom. Only cognitive behavior therapy (OR =0.48; 95â¯%CI = 0.27, 0.85) was more acceptable than waiting list. In terms of secondary outcome, third-wave CBT can statistically significantly reduce depression (SMD= -0.60; 95â¯%CI =- 0.84, -0.36), PTSD (SMD=-0.99; 95â¯%CI =- 1.62, -0.36) and anxiety (SMD= -1.44; 95â¯%CI =-2.63, -0.25) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Most psychological interventions are effective, but only cognitive behavior therapy has the highest acceptability. Third-wave CBT with higher efficacy rates may be more beneficial for reducing secondary outcomes. To provide more robust evidence, high-quality trials should be conducted in the future.
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The transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) functions as a downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in cardiomyocyte survival. In its non-phosphorylated activated state, YAP binds to transcription factors, activating the transcription of downstream target genes. It also regulates cell proliferation and survival by selectively binding to enhancers and activating target genes. However, the upregulation of the Hippo pathway in human heart failure inhibits cardiac regeneration and disrupts astrogenesis, thus preventing the nuclear translocation of YAP. Existing literature indicates that the Hippo/YAP axis contributes to inflammation and fibrosis, potentially playing a role in the development of cardiac, vascular and renal injuries. Moreover, it is a key mediator of myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis in the infarcted heart. Given these insights, can we harness YAP's regenerative potential in a targeted manner? In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the Hippo signaling pathway and consolidate concepts for the development and intervention of cardiac anti-aging drugs to leverage YAP signaling as a pivotal target.
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Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP , Humanos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Envejecimiento/genética , FibrosisRESUMEN
This work was to evaluate the impacts of comprehensive rehabilitation acupuncture therapy on the recovery of neurological function in cerebral infarction (CI) patients and to utilize convolutional neural network (CNN) intelligent algorithms to optimize head computed tomography (CT) images and improve lesion localization accuracy. 98 CI patients were divided into a control group (Ctrl group) and an experimental group (Exp group), with 48 patients in each group. The patients in the Ctrl group received CT evaluation combined with comprehensive rehabilitation acupuncture therapy. While, those in the Exp group received CT evaluation with the use of CNN algorithms for optimization, along with comprehensive rehabilitation acupuncture therapy. Acupuncture therapy included selecting acupoints on the patient's head, selecting two horizontal needling needles from top to bottom at the acupoints on the front side of the lesion, and then horizontal needling along the top midline. The differences in treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups based on Fugl-Meyer upper limb assessment (FMA) scores, Barthel Index (BI) scores, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS4) scores, Modified Edinburgh-Scandinavian Stroke Scale (MESSS) scores, and hemodynamics. Simultaneously, the CT images were optimized using CNN intelligent algorithms to improve image quality and lesion localization accuracy. The results showed that the CI CT images processed by the CNN-based intelligent algorithm showed significant improvements in clarity and contrast compared to conventional CT images. The CNN-based intelligent algorithm demonstrated higher sensitivity (97.5â¯%, 93.8â¯%), higher PSNR (30.14â¯dB, 24.72â¯dB), and lower missed detection rate (0.52â¯%, 1.88â¯%) in detecting CI lesions. The total effective rate in the Exp group was 95.83â¯%, which was significantly higher than the 85.42â¯% in the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). The Exp group showed significantly higher levels in FMA and BI scores (P < 0.05). After treatment, the NIHSS4 and MESSS scores in the Exp group were lower than those in the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). Additionally, post-treatment, the plasma concentrations and whole-blood viscosity (low shear and high shear) in the Exp group were lower than those in the Ctrl group, and the plasma concentration and whole-blood viscosity (high shear) were also lower than those in the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, comprehensive rehabilitation acupuncture therapy had a positive impact on the recovery of neurological function in CI patients. By applying CNN-based intelligent algorithms to optimize head CT images, lesion localization accuracy can be improved, thereby guiding rehabilitation treatment more effectively.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Infarto Cerebral , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto Cerebral/rehabilitación , Infarto Cerebral/terapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Algoritmos , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The relative efficacy of various mind-body exercises in the treatment of depressive symptoms remains uncertain. We examined the optimal modalities (Tai Chi, qigong, yoga) and dose of mind-body exercise to improve depressive symptoms in adults. A systematic search of six electronic databases for randomized controlled trials on the relationship between exercise and depression was carried out, encompassing data from their inception up to November 2023. Pairwise analyses, network analyses and dose-response meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed to analyse the effect of exercise on depression. Forty studies were included. Results showed that Yoga [standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.76, -0.35)] was the most effective form of exercise for improving depressive symptoms, followed by Qigong (SMD = -0.52; 95%CI: -0.92, -0.11) and Tai Chi exercise (SMD = -0.42; 95%CI: -0.71, -0.13). In addition, a non-linear dose-response relationship was found between overall mind-body exercise dose and depression levels and a significant response was observed after 260 METs-min. Our study examined the effectiveness of different types of mind-body exercise in improving depression and found that yoga may be the most effective adjunctive intervention. There was a non-linear dose-response relationship between total exercise and depression levels. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting and applying these results.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on working memory in individuals with high and low aerobic fitness. DESIGN: The protocol adopted a between-subjects crossover design. METHODS: Forty healthy male college students (mean age = 19.59 ± 1.00 years) were assigned to high fitness (n = 20) or low fitness (n = 20) groups based on their estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in the 20 m shuttle run test. All participants were instructed to engage in three acute exercise interventions (10 min HIIE, 20 min HIIE, 20 min MICE) and a reading control intervention on separate days in a randomized order. A spatial 2-back task was performed before and after each intervention to assess working memory. RESULTS: Analyses of the 2-back task performance revealed that the working memory of high and low fitness participants benefited from different modalities of acute exercise. Specifically, reaction time in the 2-back task was significantly shorter after 20 min HIIE compared to pre-exercise in high fitness participants, whereas low fitness participants had significantly faster reaction time in the 2-back task after 20 min MICE and 10 min HIIE relative to pre-exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of acute aerobic exercise on working memory are modulated by a combination of exercise modality and aerobic fitness. This finding has important implications for providing experimental evidence that participants choose appropriate exercise to undertake based on their level of aerobic fitness to improve cognitive performance.
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Ejercicio Físico , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Masculino , Humanos , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Tiempo de Reacción , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , EstudiantesRESUMEN
Physical activity has been demonstrated to promote cognitive performance. However, the relationship between physical activity and executive function (EF) in sedentary individuals is not fully understood. This meta-analysis examined the impact of physical activity on EF in sedentary individuals and evaluated potential moderators of the relationship between physical activity and EF. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched. Included studies had to report sedentary individuals randomized to either a physical activity group or a control group. Subgroup analyses of EF sub-domains, exercise prescription and age were conducted alongside the overall meta-analysis. Thirteen RCT studies were included, with a total of 752 participants. Results showed a small to moderate beneficial effect of physical activity on EF (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.40). In subgroup analysis by EF sub-domains, physical activity enhanced inhibitory control (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.63) and working memory (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.49), but not cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.41). Interventions with an intervention length > 12 weeks improved overall EF (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.46), but intervention length ≤ 12 weeks did not (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.47). Interventions with session time ≥ 45 minutes improved overall EF (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77), but session time < 45 minutes did not (0.17, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.44). Physical activity improves EF for older adults (age ≥ 60 years) (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.42), but not for younger individuals (age < 60 years) (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.59). Overall, physical activity has a beneficial effect on EF in sedentary individuals, although the influence may be domain specific and influenced by exercise prescription and age. These findings have practical implications for those seeking to improve EF in sedentary individuals through physical activity.
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Función Ejecutiva , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Terapia por Ejercicio , Memoria a Corto PlazoRESUMEN
This study investigated the immediate and delayed effects of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on working memory. Fifty healthy young adults (mean age = 19.96 ± 1.03 years) engaged in (1) a MICE session, 20 min of continuous running on a treadmill at an intensity of 40-59% of heart rate reserve (HRR); (2) a HIIE session, 10 sets of 1 min running at an intensity of 90% HRR, interspersed by 1 min self-paced walking at 50% HRR; and (3) a control session, resting in a chair and reading books for 24 min. A spatial 2-back task was performed to assess working memory before, immediately after and 30 min after each intervention. Reaction time in the 2-back task was significantly reduced immediately after both MICE and HIIE interventions. The enhanced working memory associated with HIIE sustained for 30 min after the exercise, whereas the beneficial effects associated with MICE returned to the pre-exercise level at 30 min after the exercise. These results suggest that although both MICE and HIIE enhance working memory in young adults, the positive effect sustains longer in HIIE than that in MICE. The current study extends the existing knowledge base by suggesting that improvements in working memory with HIIE last longer than with MICE.
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Background: It is widely held that emotions prime the body for action. However, the influence of gender on primary motor cortex (M1) excitability during emotional processing is not well explored. Methods: Using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we stimulated the right or left M1 at 150 ms and 300 ms after emotional stimulation onset (presentation of negative, neutral, and positive pictures to male and female subjects). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) ratio induced by single-pulse TMS was used to assess changes in corticospinal excitability. Results: In response to right M1 stimulation, males demonstrated higher MEP ratios following presentation of negative pictures at 150 ms while MEP ratios in response to presentation of positive pictures were greater at 300 ms. Furthermore, male subjects showed larger MEP ratios in right M1 versus left M1 at 300 ms after initiation of positive pictures, indicating lateralization of motor excitability in male subjects. Conclusions: The current study thus provides neurophysiological evidence to support gender differences and functional lateralization of motor excitability in response to emotional stimuli.
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Corteza Motora , Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Corteza Motora/fisiología , Emociones/fisiología , Cognición , Potenciales Evocados Motores/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on cognitive flexibility in young adults with differing levels of aerobic fitness. Sixty-six young adults were grouped into high- and low-fit groups based on their final running distance on the 20 m Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test. Individuals participated in a 10 min HIIE, a 20 min HIIE, a 20 min MICE, and a control session (reading quietly in a chair) in a counterbalanced order. The more-odd shifting task was completed before and approximately 5 min after each intervention to assess cognitive flexibility. The results showed that young adults with a high fitness level gained greater benefits in terms of switch cost from the 20 min HIIE, while low-fitness participants benefited more from the 10 min HIIE and the 20 min MICE. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness may influence the effect of acute HIIE and MICE on cognitive flexibility. Young adults should consider individual fitness level when adopting time-effective and appropriate exercise routines to improve cognitive flexibility.
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Ejercicio Físico , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad , Cognición , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
Although physical activity is associated with better attentional functioning in elderly populations or in specific clinical populations, the association between physical activity level and attention has been less studied in young adult populations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the positive effects of physical activity on attentional networks extend to young adults. In total, 57 college students were recruited and assigned to one of three groups of physical activity levels (high, moderate, and low) based on their self-reported exercise. Each participant completed the Attention Network Test to evaluate the efficiency of three components of attention: alerting, orienting, and executive control. Compared with the low physical activity group, both the high and moderate physical activity groups exhibited better executive control. In addition, the efficiency of the executive control network was positively correlated with physical activity. By contrast, no statistically significant differences were detected among these three groups for the functioning of the alerting or orienting networks. These findings suggested that physical activity had a positive effect on attention in young adults, with the benefit primarily observed for the executive control component rather than for the alerting and orienting components of attention.
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Función Ejecutiva , Orientación , Anciano , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Tiempo de Reacción , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study examined the immediate and sustained effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) bouts on inhibitory control in young adults. Participants (n = 41) engaged in (1) a session of HIIE, involving 10 one-minute runs on a treadmill at an intensity targeting 85-90% HRmax interspersed with self-paced walking at 60% HRmax; (2) a session of MICE, involving a 20 min run on a treadmill at an intensity of 60-70% HRmax; and (3) a control session, involving 24 min of resting on separate days in a counterbalanced order. Using a flanker task, inhibitory control was assessed before the intervention (t0), immediately after the session (t1), and then at 30 min (t2), 60 min (t3), and 90 min (t4) after the session. During the flanker task, the response time (RT) for incongruent trials immediately after HIIE was significantly shortened compared to that before exercise. This shortened RT was sustained for 90 min post-exercise during recovery from HIIE. Interference scores of RT were also reduced after HIIE, benefitting inhibitory control, and were maintained for 90 min post-exercise. Reduced accuracy interference scores were recorded following HIIE compared to the control session. Improvements in inhibitory control elicited by HIIE were sustained for at least 90 min post-exercise. In contrast, an improvement in inhibitory control was not observed during the MICE session. HIIE might represent a time-efficient approach for enhancing inhibitory control.
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Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad , Consumo de Oxígeno , Ejercicio Físico , Tiempo de ReacciónRESUMEN
This study examined the immediate and sustained effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on cognitive flexibility in young adults. Participants (n = 56) engaged in (1) a session of HIIE, involving 10 sets of one-minute treadmill running at an intensity targeting 90% heart rate reserve (HRR) interspersed with self-paced walking at 50% HRR; (2) a session of MICE, involving a 20 min treadmill running at an intensity of 40-59% HRR; and (3) a control session, involving 24 min of resting on separate days in a counterbalanced order. Using a more-odd shifting task, cognitive flexibility was assessed before the intervention (t0), immediately after the session (t1), and then at 30 min (t2) after the session. During the more-odd shifting task, the switch cost of response time (RT) immediately after the HIIE was significantly reduced compared to that before exercise, suggesting beneficial effects on cognitive flexibility. Additionally, the impacts of HIIE were maintained for 30 min post-exercise. However, improved cognitive flexibility was not observed until 30 min after the MICE intervention. HIIE might represent a time-efficient approach for enhancing cognitive flexibility.
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Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad , Cognición , Ejercicio Físico , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Frecuencia CardíacaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication and sequela of herpes zoster (HZ) that greatly affects the life and emotional experience of patients. Acupuncture therapy has been confirmed as an effective and safe treatment for PHN. Several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analysis (MAs) have reported the evidence of acupuncture therapy for treating PHN. However, the evidence has not been systematically synthesized. This overview aims to synthesize and assess the reliability of evidence generated from these SRs and MAs of acupuncture therapy for PHN. METHODS: We will conduct a systematic search of the China Biology Medicine (CBM), VIP database, Wangfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Excerpt Medical Database (Embase), and Web of Science to identify eligible SRs and MAs, from their inception to October 31, 2020. We will use Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR2) for methodological quality assessment, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for report quality assessment, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) for the quality of evidence assessment, and ROBIS for the bias assessment. Our reviewers will conduct systematic reviews, qualification evaluation, data extraction, methodological quality, and evidence quality screening in pairs. The outcomes include pain intensity, Quality of life (QoL), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Global impression, and adverse events. All the extracted data will be provided in tabular form to summarize characteristics of each review. The evidence will be a narrative synthesis of the type and content of the intervention and the results reported. RESULTS: The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS: This overview will provide comprehensive evidence of acupuncture therapy for patients with PHN. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review will not involve private information of participants, so the ethical approval will not be required. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentation. Important protocol modifications will be updated on PROSPERO. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020178738.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Neuralgia Posherpética/terapia , Proyectos de Investigación , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto/métodos , China , HumanosRESUMEN
The neural efficiency hypothesis was investigated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the differences in brain activity between athletes imagining performing different movements: basketball athletes imagined throwing and volleyball athletes imagined serving. These comparisons of brain activity among athletes imagining movements from their self-sport (e.g., a basketball throw in basketball athletes) versus movements from other sport (e.g., a volleyball serve in basketball athletes) revealed the neural energy consumption each task costs. The results showed better temporal congruence between motor execution and motor imagery and vividness of motor imagery, but lower levels of activation in the left putamen, inferior parietal lobule, supplementary motor area, postcentral gyrus, and the right insula when both groups of athletes imagined movements from their self-sport compared with when they imagined movements from the other-sport. Athletes were more effective in the representation of the motor sequences and the interoception of the motor sequences for their self-sport. The findings of present study suggest that elite athletes achieved superior behavioral performance with minimal neural energy consumption, thus confirming the neural efficiency hypotheses.
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Although sports expertise has been shown to have transferable cognitive benefits, it is unclear how motor expertise influences brain activity during perceptual-cognitive tasks. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether improved perceptual-cognitive behavioral task performance in individuals with well-developed motor skills is associated with characteristic cortical activation and deactivation. Blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) was conducted in 23 athletes and 24 age- and education-matched non-athletes performing a multiple object tracking (MOT) task with graded levels of attentional load (two, three, or four targets). Compared to non-athletes, athletes had better performance in the three- and four-target conditions of the MOT task. Less activation of the left frontal eye field (FEF) and bilateral anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) and less deactivation in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG) were observed in athletes compared to non-athletes. Importantly, as the attentional load was increased, differences in deactivation of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) between athletes and non-athletes became larger. Behavioral performance in the high attentional load condition correlated negatively with activation in the left FEF and right aIPS, and correlated positively with that in the mSFG and left MTG. Better performance in elite athletes may transfer from the sport domain to a general cognitive domain owing to higher neural efficiency, which may be represented by a bidirectional reduction phenomenon encompassing both reduced activation of areas associated with task execution and reduced deactivation of areas associated with irrelevant information processing.
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Atletas/psicología , Atención/fisiología , Baloncesto/psicología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiología , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Adulto , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Cognición , Femenino , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiología , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The present study investigated whether habitual physical exercise can regulate susceptibility to negative emotions in young adult female participants. Female participants with and without long-term physical exercise habits were recruited and assigned to exercise and non-exercise groups, respectively. All participants performed a standard/deviant distinction task in which the emotional valence of the deviants could be highly negative (HN), moderately negative (MN), or neutral. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by deviants were recorded and compared between the two groups. Regardless of the emotional valence of the deviants, the exercise group exhibited shorter reaction times (RTs) and greater parietal P3 responses to all deviants, compared to the non-exercise group, consistent with a superiority in detecting and responding to deviants. Importantly, whereas the non-exercise group showed greater frontal-central N2 responses to MN deviant stimuli than to neutral deviant stimuli, such a difference was not observed in the exercise group, indicating that the participants who exercised regularly had decreased attentional capture and allocation to MN deviants, and thus an apparent decreased negative emotional susceptibility selectively to moderately negative emotional stimuli. These results may indicate an effect of physical exercise on the processing of negative emotional information and support the promotion of physical exercise in the maintenance of mental health in females.