Enhanced Photoinduced Carrier Separation in Fe-MOF-525/CdS for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Improved Catalytic Dynamics with Specific Active Sites.

Single-atom metal-anchored porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown excellent light absorption, catalytic sites, and high stability during photocatalytic reactions, while there are still challenges for facile assembly with quantum dots to enhance catalytic dynamics. Herein, a kind of Fe single atom-doped MOF material (Fe-MOF-525) was ball milled with CdS in a proper ratio through Fe-N4 and Fe-N-C bonding, which showed the enhanced photoinduced carrier separation ability. As a result, extended light absorption ranges of CdS/Fe-MOF-5252.3 induced the promotion of the photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) value (3638.6 µmol g-1 h-1), which was 7.2 and 2.3 times higher than those of Fe-MOF-525 and CdS. In this work, the facile synthetic technique, specific active sites, and enhanced catalytic dynamics in the composite highlight the future research on MOF-based heterojunctions and their potential photocatalysis applications..

Extrarenal Wilms tumor with hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy in an infant: A report of an unusual case.

While Wilms tumors are the most frequently detected kidney cancer type in children, extrarenal Wilms tumors (ERWTs) remain rare. This report is the first to describe hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with an ERWT. A 6-month-old male infant presented with an abdominal mass and paroxysmal hypertension; echocardiography revealed dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 34%, as well as substantially increased plasma renin activity. Pathology yielded a definitive diagnosis of ERWT. Cardiac function and blood pressure gradually returned to normal after tumorectomy. The early diagnosis of such a tumor together with efficient oncologic treatment are vital to optimal patient outcomes.

Synergetic control of specific orientation and self-distribution of photoelectrons in micro-nano ZnIn2S4/black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) heterojunction to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs)-based materials possess excellent photocatalytic efficiency; however, they often present a loss of photo-induced carriers and random active sites in electron transfer of heterojunctions, thus restricting the enhancement of hydrogen (H2) evolution and their potential application. In this study, a micro-nano ZnIn2S4/BPQDs (MN-ZISBP) composite is constructed to enable specific orientation and self-distribution of photoelectrons transferred from ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) to BPQDs. The relationship between photoelectron transfer and H2 evolution efficiency is investigated via experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. MN-ZISBP with a nanorod-like structure presents an H2 evolution rate of 1207 µmol/g/h and is higher than that of the sheet-shaped (S-ZISBP, 1023 µmol/g/h) and flower-like composites (F-ZISBP, 744 µmol/g/h) under visible light irradiation. The MN-ZISBP composite with a lower conduction band level and larger specific surface area increases the number of active sites on BPQDs via "self-distribution" for H2 evolution. Finally, the electron transfer direction and bonding orbitals of MN-ZISBP are calculated using the work function and density of states results to verify the above conclusions. The novel construction technique and photocatalytic mechanism of MN-ZISBP reported in this study provide significant insights into the BPQDs-based photocatalysts for H2 evolution.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a systemic immune dysregulation in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy.

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms for COVID-19-associated encephalopathy and its immunopathology is crucial for developing effective treatments. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomic analysis and integrated clinical observations and laboratory examination to dissect the host immune responses and reveal pathological mechanisms in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy. We found that lymphopenia was a prominent characteristic of immune perturbation in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy, especially those with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (AE). This was characterized a marked reduction of various lymphocytes (e.g., CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells) and significant increases in other inflammatory cells (e.g., monocytes). Further analysis revealed activation of multiple cell apoptosis pathways (e.g., granzyme/perforin-, FAS- and TNF-induced apoptosis) may be responsible for lymphopenia. A systemic S100A12 upregulation, primarily from classical monocytes, may have contributed to cytokine storms in patients with AE. A dysregulated type I interferon (IFN) response was observed which may have further exacerbated the S100A12-driven inflammation in patients with AE. In COVID-19 patients with AE, myeloid cells (e.g., monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells) were the likely contributors to immune paralysis. Finally, the immune landscape in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy, especially for AE, were also characterized by NK and T cells with widespread exhaustion, higher cytotoxic scores and inflammatory response as well as a dysregulated B cell-mediated humoral immune response. Taken together, this comprehensive data provides a detailed resource for elucidating immunopathogenesis and will aid development of effective COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy treatments, especially for those with AE.

Controllable synthesis of a sponge-like Z-scheme N,S-CQDs/Bi2MoO6@TiO2 film with enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity under visible/NIR light irradiation.

Multifunctional photocatalytic surfaces for pollutant degradation and antimicrobial application are often in high demand, however they confront many challenges in charge transfer and light capture ability. In this work, a sponge-like N,S-CQDs/Bi2MoO6@TiO2 film was constructed via hydrothermal technique aiming to solve above problems. As a result, the ternary film showed enhanced photocatalytic efficiency under visible and near-infrared (NIR) light, in which 85.8% and 44.6% of ciprofloxacin (CIP) were degraded after 240 min irradiation with visible and NIR light, respectively. Moreover, the composite film effectively realized photocatalytic sterilization of gram-positive B. subtilis and gram-negative E. coli under visible light irradiation. The bacterial colony decreased significantly from 7.56-log to 1-log cfu/mL after adding the ternary film within 1.5 h. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was closely related to both introduction of surface-functional N,S-CQDs and the construction of N,S-CQDs/Bi2MoO6@TiO2 Z-scheme system, in which the transfer efficiency of photoinduced carriers and the light absorption property were significantly improved. We consider that the N,S-CQDs/Bi2MoO6@TiO2 film is promising for the degradation of refractory pollutants and antimicrobial application under visible/NIR light irradiation. The relatively convenient recycling property and excellent photocatalytic performance of the N,S-CQDs/Bi2MoO6@TiO2 film are beneficial for industrial applications.

Interfacial Polymerization of Dopamine in a Pickering Emulsion: Synthesis of Cross-Linkable Colloidosomes and Enzyme Immobilization at Oil/Water Interfaces.

Colloidosomes are promising carriers for immobilizing enzyme for catalytic purposes in aqueous/organic media. However, they often suffer from one or more problems regarding catalytic performance, stability, and recyclability. Here, we report a novel approach for the synthesis of cross-linkable colloidosomes by the selective polymerization of dopamine at oil/water interfaces in a Pickering emulsion. An efficient enzyme immobilization method was further developed by covalently bonding enzymes to the polydopamine (PDA) layer along with the formation of such colloidosomes with lipase as a model enzyme. In this enzyme system, the PDA layer served as a cross-linking layer and enzyme support for simultaneously enhancing the colloidosomes' stability and improving surface availability of the enzymes for catalytic reaction. It was found that the specific activity of lipases immobilized on the colloidosome shells was 8 and 1.4 times higher than that of free lipase and encapsulated lipase positioned in the aqueous cores of colloidosomes, respectively. Moreover, the immobilized lipases demonstrated excellent operational stability and recyclability, retaining 86.6% of enzyme activity after 15 cycles. It is therefore reasonable to expect that this novel approach for enzyme immobilization has great potential to serve as an important technique for the construction of biocatalytic systems.