RESUMEN
A conceptual shift toward next-generation wearable electronics is driving research into self-powered electronics technologies that can be independently operated without plugging into the grid for external power feeding. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are emerging as a key component of self-powered electronics, but a power type mismatch between supply and demand limits their direct implementation into wearable self-powered electronics. Here, a TENG with switchable power mode capability is reported where the charge flow direction is modulated over the course of slow and random mechanical stimuli, with exceptional rectification capabilities as high as ≈133, stable outputs over the cycles, and design flexibility in different platforms. Importantly, the remarkable switchable power generation with fabric counter materials illuminates a new path for the smooth integration of flexible TENGs into wearable self-powered electronics.
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Although the long-term survival rate for leukemia has made significant progress over the years with the development of chemotherapeutics, patients still suffer from relapse, leading to an unsatisfactory outcome. To discover the new effective anti-leukemia compounds, we synthesized a series of dianilinopyrimidines and evaluated the anti-leukemia activities of those compounds by using leukemia cell lines (HEL, Jurkat, and K562). The results showed that the dianilinopyrimidine analog H-120 predominantly displayed the highest cytotoxic potential in HEL cells. It remarkably induced apoptosis of HEL cells by activating the apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)), increasing apoptosis protein Bad expression, and decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). Furthermore, it induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M; concomitantly, we observed the activation of p53 and a reduction in phosphorylated cell division cycle 25C (p-CDC25C) / Cyclin B1 levels in treated cells. Additionally, the mechanism study revealed that H-120 decreased these phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, rat sarcoma, phosphorylated cellular RAF proto-oncogene serine / threonine kinase, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (p-STAT3, Ras, p-C-Raf, p-MEK, p-MRK, and c-Myc) protein levels in HEL cells. Using the cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins isolation assay, we found for the first time that H-120 can inhibit the activation of STAT3 and c-Myc and block STAT3 phosphorylation and dimerization. Moreover, H-120 treatment effectively inhibited the disease progression of erythroleukemia mice by promoting erythroid differentiation into the maturation of erythrocytes and activating the immune cells. Significantly, H-120 also improved liver function in erythroleukemia mice. Therefore, H-120 may be a potential chemotherapeutic drug for leukemia patients.
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Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda , Leucemia , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos , Fosforilación , Dimerización , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Factor de Transcripción STAT3RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AIMS: Decades after the identification of natural killer (NK) cells as potential effector cells against malignantly transformed cells, an increasing amount of research suggests that NK cells are a prospective choice of immunocytes for cancer immunotherapy in addition to T lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have led to a breakthrough in the combination of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with allogeneic NK cells infusion for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, the short lifespan of NK cells in patients is the major impediment, limiting their efficacy. Therefore, prolonging the survival of NK cells will promote the application of NK-cell immunotherapy. As we have known, NK cells use a "missing-self" mechanism to lyse target cells and exert their functions through a wide array of activating, co-stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. Our previous study has suggested that CD244 (2B4), one of the co-stimulatory receptors, can improve the function of chimeric antigen receptor NK cells. However, the underlying mechanism of how 2B4 engages in the function of NK cells requires further investigation. Overall, we established a feeder cell with the expression of CD48, the ligand of 2B4, to investigate the function of 2B4-CD48 axis in NK cells, and meanwhile, to explore whether the newly generated feeder cell can improve the function of ex vivo-expanded NK cells. METHODS: First, K562 cells overexpressing 4-1BBL and membrane-bound IL-21 (mbIL-21) were constructed (K562-41BBL-mbIL-21) and were sorted to generate the single clone. These widely used feeder cells (K562-41BBL-mbIL-21) were named as Basic Feeder hereinafter. Based on the Basic feeder, CD48 was overexpressed and named as CD48 Feeder. Then, the genetically modified feeder cells were used to expand primary NK cells from peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood. In vitro experiments were performed to compare proliferation ability, cytotoxicity, survival and activation/inhibition phenotypes of NK cells stimulated via different feeder cells. K562 cells were injected into nude mice subcutaneously with tail vein injection of NK cells from different feeder system for the detection of NK in vivo persistence and function. RESULTS: Compared with Basic Feeders, CD48 Feeders can promote the proliferation of primary NK cells from peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood and reduce NK cell apoptosis by activating the p-ERK/BCL2 pathway both in vitro and in vivo without affecting overall phenotypes. Furthermore, NK cells expanded via CD48 Feeders showed stronger anti-tumor capability and infiltration ability into the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: In this preclinical study, the engagement of the 2B4-CD48 axis can inhibit the apoptosis of NK cells through the p-ERK/BCL2 signal pathway, leading to an improvement in therapeutic efficiency.
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Neoplasias , Receptores Inmunológicos , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Antígeno CD48/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales , Activación de Linfocitos , Ratones Desnudos , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Familia de Moléculas Señalizadoras de la Activación Linfocitaria/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Chronic myeloid leukemia accounts for human deaths worldwide and could enhance sevenfold by 2050. Thus, the treatment regimen for this disorder is highly crucial at this time. Flavaglines are a natural class of cyclopentane benzofurans exhibiting various bioactivities like anticancer action. Despite the antiproliferative activity of flavaglines against diverse cancer cells, their roles and mechanism of action in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remain poorly understood. Thus, this study examines the antiproliferative effect of a newly synthesized flavagline derivative, 1-chloracetylrocaglaol (A2074), on erythroleukemia K562 cells and the zebrafish xenograft model. The study revealed that A2074 could inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis, and boost megakaryocyte differentiation of K562 cells. This flavagline downregulated c-MYC and miR-17-92 cluster genes, targeting upregulation of the apoptotic protein Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM). The work uncovered a critical role of the c-MYC-miR-17-92-BIM axis in the growth and survival of CML cells.
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Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva , MicroARNs , Animales , Humanos , Células K562 , Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda/genética , Pez Cebra/genética , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , MicroARNs/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Apoptosis , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Proliferación CelularRESUMEN
The AML1-ETO (RUNX1-RUNX1T1) fusion gene created by the chromosome translocation t(8;21) (q21;q22) is one of the essential contributors to leukemogenesis. Only a few studies in the literature have focused on fusion gene-derived circular RNAs (f-circRNAs). Here, we report several AML1-ETO-related fusion circular RNAs (F-CircAEs) in AML1-ETO-positive cell lines and primary patient blasts. Functional studies demonstrate that the over-expression of F-CircAE in NIH3T3 cells promotes cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. F-CircAE expression enhances the colony formation ability of c-Kit+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Meanwhile, the knockdown of endogenous F-CircAEs can inhibit the proliferation and colony formation ability of AML1-ETO-positive Kasumi-1 cells. Intriguingly, bioinformatic analysis revealed that the glycolysis pathway is down-regulated in F-CircAE-knockdown Kasumi-1 cells and up-regulated in F-CircAE over-expressed NIH3T3 cells. Further studies show that F-CircAE binds to the glycolytic protein ENO-1, up-regulates the expression level of glycolytic enzymes, and enhances lactate production. In summary, our study demonstrates that F-CircAE may exert biological activities on the growth of AML1-ETO leukemia cells by regulating the glycolysis pathway. Determining the role of F-CircAEs in AML1-ETO leukemia can lead to great strides in understanding its pathogenesis, thus providing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , ARN Circular , Ratones , Animales , Humanos , ARN Circular/genética , Células 3T3 NIH , Proteína 1 Compañera de Translocación de RUNX1/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Cromosomas Humanos Par 21/metabolismo , Translocación GenéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AIMS: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling pathway plays an important role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which are closely related to tumor cell growth, survival, tissue infiltration and metastasis. Blocking/interfering with the interaction between VEGF and VEGFR to inhibit angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis has become an important means of tumor therapy. METHODS: Here the authors designed a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) lentiviral vector expressing the VEGF-C domain targeting both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 (VEGFR-2/3 CAR) and then transduced CD3-positive T cells with VEGFR-2/3 CAR lentivirus. RESULTS: After co-culturing with target cells, VEGFR-2/3 CAR T cells showed potent cytotoxicity against both VEGFR-2- and VEGFR-3-positive breast cancer cells, with increased simultaneous secretion of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 cytokines. Moreover, CAR T cells were able to destroy the tubular structures formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and significantly inhibit the growth, infiltration and metastasis of orthotopic mammary xenograft tumors in a female BALB/c nude mice model. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' results indicate that VEGFR-2/3 CAR T cells targeting both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 have significant anti-tumor activity, which expands the application of conventional CAR T-cell therapy.
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Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Receptor 3 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Animales , Células Endoteliales , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/genética , Linfocitos T , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AIMS: Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have shown dramatic cytotoxicity against B-cell malignancies. Currently, autologous T cells are conventionally used to manufacture CAR T cells. Low quality or insufficient quantity of autologous T cells may lead to failure of CAR T preparations. Moreover, CAR T preparation usually takes 1-2 weeks, which is too long for patients with rapid disease progression to successfully infuse CAR T cells. Thus, the development of a ready-to-use CAR immunotherapy strategy is needed. NK-92, a natural killer (NK) cell line derived from an NK lymphoma patient, has been gradually applied as a CAR-modified effector cell. To avoid the potential development of secondary NK lymphoma in patients, large doses of radiation are used to treat NK-92 cells before clinical application, which ensures the safety but reduces the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells. Therefore, it is crucial to explore a suitable radiation dose that ensures short life span and good cytotoxicity of CAR NK-92 cells. METHODS: NK-92MI, a modified IL-2-independent NK-92 cell line, was used to establish an anti-CD19 CAR NK. The suitable radiation dose of CAR NK was then explored in vitro and validated in vivo, and the specific cytotoxicity of irradiated and unirradiated CAR NK against CD19+ malignant cells was assessed. RESULTS: CAR NK exhibited specific cytotoxicity against CD19+ malignant cells. Irradiation ensured a short life span of CAR NK in vitro and in vivo. Encouragingly, irradiated CAR NK displayed an anti-CD19+ malignancy capacity similar to that of unirradiated CAR NK. CONCLUSIONS: Five Gy is a suitable radiation dose to ensure the safety and effectiveness of CD19 CAR NK-92MI cells.
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Antígenos CD19/metabolismo , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/efectos de la radiación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Persona de Mediana Edad , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/inmunología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematopoietic malignancy that has a high relapse rate, and the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in AML patients is significantly increased. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of Tregs in the immune escape of acute myeloid leukemia. METHODS: The frequencies of Tregs and the expression of PD-1, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were examined by flow cytometry. The expression of CTLA-4 and GITR was tested by MFI. Chemotaxis assays were performed to evaluate Treg migration. The concentrations of SDF-1α, IFN-γ and TNF-α were examined by ELISA. Coculture and crisscross coculture experiments were performed to examine Treg proliferation and apoptosis and the effect of regulatory B cells (Breg) conversion. RESULTS: The frequencies of Tregs in peripheral blood and bone marrow in AML patients were increased compared with those in healthy participants. AML Tregs had robust migration towards bone marrow due to increased expression of CXCR4. AML Treg-mediated immunosuppression of T cells was achieved through proliferation inhibition, apoptosis promotion and suppression of IFN-γ production in CD4+CD25- T cells. AML Bregs induced the conversion of CD4+CD25-T cells to Tregs. CONCLUSION: In AML patients, the Breg conversion effect and robust CXCR4-induced migration led to Treg enrichment in bone marrow. AML Tregs downregulated the function of CD4+CD25- T cells, contributing to immune escape.
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Inmunidad Celular , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Escape del Tumor/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Médula Ósea , Diferenciación Celular , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito , Femenino , Proteína Relacionada con TNFR Inducida por Glucocorticoide/metabolismo , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
RUNX1 is a key transcription factor in hematopoiesis and its disruption is one of the most common aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia. RUNX1 alterations affect its DNA binding capacity and transcriptional activities, leading to the deregulation of transcriptional targets, and abnormal proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells. Identification of RUNX1 target genes and clarification of their biological functions are of great importance in the search for new therapeutic strategies for RUNX1-altered leukemia. In this study, we identified and confirmed that KLF4, a known tumor suppressor gene, as a direct target of RUNX1, was down-regulated in RUNX1-ETO leukemia. RUNX1 bound to KLF4 promoter in chromatin to activate its transcription, while the leukemogenic RUNX1-ETO fusion protein had little effect on this transactivation. KLF4 was also identified as a novel binding partner of RUNX1. RUNX1 interacted with KLF4 through Runt domain and further co-activated its target genes. However, RUNX1-ETO competed with RUNX1 to bind KLF4 through Runt and ETO domains, and abrogated transcription of KLF4. Finally, overexpression experiments indicated that RUNX1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of t(8;21) leukemia cells via KLF4-mediated upregulation of P57. These data suggest KLF4 dysregulation mediated by RUNX1-ETO enhances proliferation and retards apoptosis, and provides a potential target for therapy of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia.
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Apoptosis , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Inhibidor p57 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Translocación Genética , Apoptosis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 21 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8 , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Unión Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , ARN Largo no Codificante , Activación TranscripcionalRESUMEN
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is initiated and maintained by a unique, small subset of leukemia cells known as leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Self-renewal, quiescence, and chemotherapy resistance are key stemness properties of LSCs that are essential for poor clinical responses to conventional therapies. Identifying LSC surface markers and targeting LSCs are important for the development of potential therapies. In this study, application of chemotherapy treatment in AML-ETO9a (AE9a) leukemia mice led to the enrichment of a chemotherapy-resistant cell population identified as Lin- c-Kit+ c-MPL+ . In addition, this c-MPL-positive cell population within Lin- c-Kit+ leukemia cells included a high percentage of cells in a quiescent state, enhanced colony formation ability, and increased homing efficiency. Serial transplantation demonstrated that Lin- c-Kit+ c-MPL+ cells displayed a significantly high potential for leukemia initiation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that in AML patients, c-MPL was expressed on the majority of CD34+ leukemia cells and that the proportion of c-MPL+ cells in CD34+ leukemia cells is associated with poor prognosis. Finally, AMM2, an inhibitor of c-MPL, was shown to significantly enhance the survival of AE9a leukemia mice when combined with chemotherapeutic agent. These results indicate that c-MPL is a candidate LSC surface marker that may serve as a therapeutic target for the elimination of LSCs. Stem Cells 2018;36:1685-1696.
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Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Trombopoyetina/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patologíaRESUMEN
Interaction between hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) with their niche is critical for HSPC function. The interaction also plays an important role in the multistep process of leukemogenesis. Rac1 GTPase has been found to be highly expressed and activated in leukemia patients. Here, by forced expression of constitutively active form of Rac1 (Rac1-V12) in HSPCs, we demonstrate that active Rac1 promotes interaction of HSPC with niche. We then established an active Rac1 associated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model by expression of Rac1-V12 cooperated with AML1-ETO9a (AE9a) in mouse HSPCs. Compared with AE9a alone, Rac1-V12 cooperated with AE9a (AER) drives an AML with a short latency, demonstrating that activation of Rac1 GTPase in mice promotes AML development. The mechanism of this AML promotion is by a better homing and lodging of leukemia cells in niche, which further enhancing their colony formation, quiescence and preventing leukemia cells from apoptosis. Further study showed that an inhibitor targeting activated Rac1 can increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents to leukemia cells. This study provides evidence that activation of Rac1 promotes leukemia development through enhancing leukemia cells' homing and retention in niche, and suggests that inhibition of Rac1 GTPase could be an effective way of eliminating AML cells. Stem Cells 2016;34:1730-1741.
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Carcinogénesis/patología , Comunicación Celular , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Leucemia/patología , Nicho de Células Madre , Proteína de Unión al GTP rac1/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Comunicación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Clonales , Ensayo de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Nicho de Células Madre/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As the important suppressor of P53, iASPP is found to be overexpressed in leukemia, and functions as oncogene that inhibited apoptosis of leukemia cells. Sertad1 is identified as one of the proteins that can bind with iASPP in our previous study by two-hybrid screen. METHODS: Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were perfomed to identified the interaction between iASPP and Sertad1 protein. Westernblot and Real-time quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression and activation of proteins. Cell proliferation assays, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: iASPP combined with Sertad1 in leukemic cell lines and the interaction occurred in the cytoplasm near nuclear membrane. iASPP could interact with Sertad1 through its Cyclin-A, PHD-bromo, C terminal domain, except for S domain. Overexpression of iASPP in leukemic cells resulted in the increased cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs. While overexpression of iASPP and Sertad1 at the same time could slow down the cell proliferation, lead the cells more vulnerable to the chemotherapy drugs, the resistance to chemotherapeutic drug in iASPPhi leukemic cells was accompanied by Puma protein expression. Excess Sertad1 protein could tether iASPP protein in the cytoplasm, further reduced the binding between iASPP and P53 in the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS: Sertad1 could antagonize iASPP function by hindering its entrance into nuclei to interact with P53 in leukemic cells when iASPP was in the stage of overproduction.
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Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Leucemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Transporte Activo de Núcleo Celular , Apoptosis , Ciclo Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/química , Proteínas Nucleares/química , Unión Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Proteínas Represoras/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Represoras/química , Transactivadores/química , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: CREBBP alterations are associated with many diseases including leukaemia. However, CREBBP expression and its clinical relevance in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia have not been elucidated. METHODS: We studied CREBBP mRNA expression in 349 patients treated with either the BCH-2003 or CCLG-2008 protocol. Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, patients were divided into low- or high-CREBBP. The association among clinicobiological characteristics, outcomes and CREBBP level was analysed. RESULTS: Low expression of CREBBP (<1.0) at diagnosis was found in 97.7% of patients and increased significantly after complete remission. Low-CREBBP patients were associated with unfavourable clinical presentations, poor prednisone response and high minimal residual disease (>10-2 ) after induction. We found significantly poorer event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in low-CREBBP group whether administered BCH-2003 or CCLG-2008. Low-CREBBP was an inferior independent prognostic factor in BCH-2003; patients with low-CREBBP had better outcomes on an intermediate-risk regimen than a standard-risk regimen involving the CCLG-2008 protocol. Patients stratified to high-risk with low-CREBBP had the worst EFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that low-CREBBP is predictive of unfavourable outcomes; thus, a more intensive treatment protocol is necessitated for standard-risk patients with insufficient CREBBP and that a specific target therapy is necessitated for high-risk patients.
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Proteína de Unión a CREB/genética , Expresión Génica , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidad , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Análisis Citogenético , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Lactante , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Mutación , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Pronóstico , Inducción de Remisión , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Lignocellulosic biomass offers the most abundant renewable resource in replacing traditional fossil resources. However, it is still a major challenge to directly convert the lignin component into value-added materials. The availability of plentiful hydroxyl groups in lignin macromolecules and its unique three-dimensional structure make it an ideal precursor for mesoporous biosorbents. In this work, we reported an environmentally friendly and economically feasible method for the fabrication of mesoporous lignin-based biosorbent (MLBB) from lignocellulosic biomass through a SO3 micro-thermal-explosion process, as a byproduct of microcrystalline cellulose. BET analysis reveal the average pore-size distribution of 5.50nm, the average pore value of 0.35cm3/g, and the specific surface area of 186m2/g. The physicochemical properties of MLBB were studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), attenuated-total-reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and element analysis. These results showed that there are large amounts of sulfonic functional groups existing on the surface of this biosorbent. Pb(II) was used as a model heavy-metal-ion to demonstrate the technical feasibility for heavy-metal-ion removal. Considering that lignocellulosic biomass is a naturally abundant and renewable resource and SO3 micro-thermal-explosion is a proven technique, this biosorbent can be easily produced at large scale and become a sustainable and reliable resource for wastewater treatment.
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Filtración/instrumentación , Lignina/química , Metales Pesados/química , Modelos Químicos , Adsorción , Celulosa/química , Cinética , Oryza , Espectroscopía de Fotoelectrones , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
The majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cases are characterized by the PML-RARα fusion gene. Although the PML-RARα fusion gene can be detected in >98% of APL cases, RARα is also found to be fused with other partner genes, which are also related to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-dependent transcriptional activity and cell differentiation. In this study, we identified a novel RARα fusion gene, TBLR1-RARα (GenBank KF589333), in a rare case of APL with a t(3;17)(q26;q21),t(7;17)(q11.2;q21) complex chromosomal rearrangement. To our knowledge, TBLR1-RARα is the 10th RARα chimeric gene that has been reported up to now. TBLR1-RARα contained the B-F domains of RARα and exhibited a distinct subcellular localization. It could form homodimers and also heterodimers with retinoid X receptor α. As a result, TBLR1-RARα exhibited diminished transcriptional activity by recruitment of more transcriptional corepressors compared with RARα. In the presence of pharmacologic doses of ATRA, TBLR1-RARα could be degraded, and its homodimerization was abrogated. Moreover, when treated with ATRA, TBLR1-RARα could mediate the dissociation and degradation of transcriptional corepressors, consequent transactivation of RARα target genes, and cell differentiation induction in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/genética , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Secuencia de Bases , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 3/genética , Clonación Molecular , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Nucleares/química , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/química , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Multimerización de Proteína , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/química , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/química , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/química , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico , Transactivadores/química , Transactivadores/genética , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Translocación Genética , Tretinoina/farmacologíaAsunto(s)
Virus de la Hepatitis B/fisiología , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Linfoma de Células B , Activación Viral/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/inmunología , Linfoma de Células B/terapia , Linfoma de Células B/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The emergence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a public health concern worldwide. PVL is associated with community-associated MRSA and is linked to skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). However, PVL genes have also been detected in health care-associated (HA) MRSA isolates. The diseases associated with PVL-positive HA-MRSA isolates and the distributions of PVL-encoding bacteriophages in HA-MRSA have not been determined. In this study, a total of 259 HA-MRSA strains isolated between 2009 and 2012 in China from inpatients with SSTIs, pneumonia, and bacteremia were selected for molecular typing, including staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, multilocus sequence typing, and staphylococcal protein A gene typing. The PVL genes and PVL bacteriophages in the MRSA isolates were characterized by PCR. Among the tested MRSA isolates, 28.6% (74/259) were PVL positive. The high prevalence of PVL-carrying HA-MRSA was observed to be associated with SSTIs but not with pneumonia or bacteremia. The PVL-positive HA-MRSA isolates were colonized mainly by infective PVL phages, namely, Φ7247PVL, ΦSLT, and ΦSa2958. The distribution of PVL-carrying bacteriophages differed geographically. Our study highlights the potential risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant HA-MRSA strains with increased virulence.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Infección Hospitalaria , Exotoxinas/genética , Leucocidinas/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/virología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/microbiología , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Fagos de Staphylococcus/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , China , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/clasificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
iASPP is a member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 (ASPP) family and negatively regulates the apoptotic function of p53. In a hematopoietic system, overexpression of iASPP results in blockage of apoptosis, which may play a role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers. To address this, we first analyzed the expression of iASPP in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and found it was highly expressed in patients with AL. We further established a transgenic mouse model in which human iASPP was specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. Overexpression of iASPP led to an increase in the proportion of long-term HSCs, short-term HSCs, multipotent progenitors, and common myeloid progenitor. HSCs from iASPP transgenic mice had an advantage in long-term reconstitution potential. In addition, the hematopoietic cells from iASPP transgenic mice exhibited a significantly lower level of p53 dependent apoptosis. After irradiation damage, hematopoietic cells of iASPP transgenic mice had a higher level of γ-H2AX expression, which lasted for a longer time. These results provide the first evidence that the iASPP can increase HSC populations and reconstitution capacity. Interestingly, in response to cell damage stimuli, hematopoietic cells can be protected against apoptosis by iASPP; meanwhile these apoptosis-resistant cells would have more mutation accumulation, which might be the potential risk for malignant transformation.-Jia, Y., Peng, L., Rao, Q., Xing, H., Huai, L., Yu, P., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Wang, M., Mi, Y., Wang, J. Oncogene iASPP enhances self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and facilitates their resistance to chemotherapy and irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Oncogenes/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Femenino , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucemia Linfoide/genética , Leucemia Linfoide/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Mutación/genética , Radiación Ionizante , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27a) could perform extra-ribosomal functions besides imparting a role in ribosome biogenesis and post-translational modifications of proteins. The high expression level of RPS27a was reported in solid tumors, and we found that the expression level of RPS27a was up-regulated in advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute leukemia (AL) patients. In this study, we explored the function of RPS27a in leukemia cells by using CML cell line K562 cells and its imatinib resistant cell line K562/G01 cells. It was observed that the expression level of RPS27a was high in K562 cells and even higher in K562/G01 cells. Further analysis revealed that RPS27a knockdown by shRNA in both K562 and K562G01 cells inhibited the cell viability, induced cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases and increased cell apoptosis induced by imatinib. Combination of shRNA with imatinib treatment could lead to more cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 expression in RPS27a knockdown cells. Further, it was found that phospho-ERK(p-ERK) and BCL-2 were down-regulated and P21 up-regulated in RPS27a knockdown cells. In conclusion, RPS27a promotes proliferation, regulates cell cycle progression and inhibits apoptosis of leukemia cells. It appears that drugs targeting RPS27a combining with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) might represent a novel therapy strategy in TKI resistant CML patients.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Ciclo Celular , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Proteínas Ribosómicas/genética , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Benzamidas/farmacología , Proliferación Celular , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Células K562 , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/patología , Piperazinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Transducción de Señal , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Leukemia is a malignant tumor of the hematologic system. Studies have shown that cernuumolide J (TMJ-105), an extract of Carpesium cernuum, has anti-cancer effects, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of TMJ-105 on the proliferation of human leukemia HEL cells and its molecular mechanism. MTT analysis showed TMJ-105 had revealed that it shows significant IC50 in HEL cells at lower doses (1.79 ± 0.29 µmol/L) than in K562 cells (3.89 ± 0.80 µmol/L), and the suppression of HEL cell proliferation was time- and concentration-dependent. Meanwhile, TMJ-105 induced G2/M phase blockage, leading to DNA damage in HEL cells. TMJ-105 promoted HEL cells to release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, TMJ-105 induced apoptosis by upregulating the cleaved-caspase9 and cleaved-caspase3 protein expression, while caspase pan inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) blocked the inhibition effect. Finally, TMJ-105 downregulated the phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3 and Erk, and activated the phosphorylation of JNK and p38. Collectively, these results demonstrated that TMJ-105 inhibited proliferation of leukemia cells and the underlying mechanism via the JAK2/STAT3 axis and MAPKs signaling pathway. Based on these results, the present study suggested the sesquiterpene lactone TMJ-105 is a new chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia.