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1.
Phys Rev Lett ; 122(1): 017202, 2019 Jan 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31012682

RESUMEN

We studied the magnetic ordering of thin films and bulk crystals of rutile RuO_{2} using resonant x-ray scattering across the Ru L_{2} absorption edge. Combining polarization analysis and azimuthal angle dependence of the magnetic Bragg signal, we have established the presence and characteristic of collinear antiferromagnetism in RuO_{2} with T_{N}>300 K. In addition to revealing a spin-ordered ground state in the simplest ruthenium oxide compound, the persistence of magnetic order even in nanometer-thick films lays the ground for potential applications of RuO_{2} in antiferromagnetic spintronics.

2.
Environ Monit Assess ; 188(3): 175, 2016 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26887314

RESUMEN

The Andaman coral reef region experienced mass bleaching events during 1998 and 2010. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the El Niño in the coral reef bleaching events of the Andaman region. Both Niño 3.4 and 3 indices were examined to find out the relationship between the mass bleaching events and El Niño, and correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Andaman Sea. The result shows that abnormal warming and mass bleaching events in the Andaman Sea were seen only during strong El Niño years of 1997-1998 and 2009-2010. The Andaman Sea SST was more elevated and associated with El Niño Modoki (central Pacific El Niño) than conventional El Niño (eastern Pacific El Niño) occurrences. It is suggested that the development of hot spot patterns around the Andaman Islands during May 1998 and April-May 2010 may be attributed to zonal shifts in the Walker circulation driven by El Niño during the corresponding period.


Asunto(s)
Antozoos/fisiología , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Calor , Animales , Bahías , Arrecifes de Coral , El Niño Oscilación del Sur , India , Estrés Fisiológico
3.
Gene Ther ; 19(5): 469-75, 2012 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21918550

RESUMEN

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor (hNP) cells are an excellent resource for understanding early neural development and neurodegenerative disorders. Given that many neurodegenerative disorders can be correlated with defects in the mitochondrial genome, optimal utilization of hNP cells requires an ability to manipulate and monitor changes in the mitochondria. Here, we describe a novel approach that uses recombinant human mitochondrial transcription factor A (rhTFAM) protein to transfect and express a pathogenic mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) carrying the G11778A mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) disease, into dideoxycytidine (ddC)-treated hNPs. Treatment with ddC reduced endogenous mtDNA and gene expression, without loss of hNP phenotypic markers. Entry of G11778A mtDNA complexed with the rhTFAM was observed in mitochondria of ddC-hNPs. Expression of the pathogenic RNA was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis of the SfaN1-digested cDNA. On the basis of the expression of neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin, neuronal differentiation occurred. Our results show for the first time that pathogenic mtDNA can be introduced and expressed into hNPs without loss of phenotype or neuronal differentiation potential. This mitochondrial gene replacement technology allows for creation of in vitro stem cell-based models useful for understanding neuronal development and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Genes Mitocondriales , Proteínas Mitocondriales/genética , NADH Deshidrogenasa/genética , Células-Madre Neurales , Atrofia Óptica Hereditaria de Leber/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Transfección/métodos , Adulto , Antimetabolitos/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Humanos , Células Híbridas , Masculino , Proteínas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Modelos Genéticos , Mutación , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Zalcitabina/farmacología
4.
Hum Reprod ; 25(1): 168-78, 2010 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19840987

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Signaling mechanisms involved in early human germ cell development are largely unknown and believed to be similar to mouse germ cell development; however, there may be species specific differences. KIT ligand (KITL) and Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) are necessary in mouse germ cell development and may play an important role in human germ cell development. METHODS: KITL signaling studies were conducted by differentiating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on KITL wild-type, hetero- or homozygous knockout feeders for 10 days, and the effects of BMP signaling was determined by differentiation in the presence of BMP4 or its antagonist, Noggin. The formation of germ-like cells was ascertained by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR for germ cell markers. RESULTS: The loss of KITL in enrichment and differentiation cultures resulted in significant down-regulation of germ cell genes and a 70.5% decrease in germ-like (DDX4+ POU5F1+) cells, indicating that KITL is involved in human germ cell development. Moreover, endogenous BMP signaling caused germ-like (DDX4+ POU5F1+) cell differentiation, and the inhibition of this pathway caused a significant decrease in germ cell gene expression and in the number of DDX4+ POU5F1+ cells. Further, we demonstrated that eliminating feeders but maintaining their secreted extracellular matrix is sufficient to sustain the increased numbers of DDX4+ POU5F1+ cells in culture. However, this resulted in decreased germ cell gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: From these studies, we establish that KITL and BMP4 germ cell signaling affects in vitro formation of hESC derived germ-like cells and we suggest that they may play an important role in normal human germ cell development.


Asunto(s)
Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular , Células Madre Embrionarias/efectos de los fármacos , Células Germinativas/citología , Factor de Células Madre/farmacología , Animales , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Portadoras/farmacología , Técnicas de Cocultivo , ARN Helicasas DEAD-box/metabolismo , Metilación de ADN , Células Madre Embrionarias/citología , Genoma Humano , Células Germinativas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Factor 3 de Transcripción de Unión a Octámeros/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal
5.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) ; 232(6): 833-43, 2007 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17526776

RESUMEN

The vasculature develops primarily through two processes, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Although much work has been published on angiogenesis, less is known of the mechanisms regulating the de novo formation of the vasculature commonly called vasculogenesis. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have the capability to produce all of the cells of the body and have been used as in vitro models to study the molecular signals controlling differentiation and vessel assembly. One such regulatory molecule is bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), which is required for mesoderm formation and vascular/hematopoietic specification in several species. However, hESC grown in feeder-free conditions and treated with BMP4 differentiate into a cellular phenotype highly expressing a trophoblast gene profile. Therefore, it is unclear what role, if any, BMP4 plays in regulating vascular development in hESC. Here we show in two National Institutes of Health-registered hESC lines (BG02 and WA09) cultured on a 3D substrate of Matrigel in endothelial cell growth medium-2 that the addition of BMP4 (100 ng/ml) for 3 days significantly increases the formation and outgrowth of a network of cells reminiscent of capillary-like structures formed by mature endothelial cells (P<0.05). Analysis of the expression of 45 genes by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction on a low-density array of the entire culture indicates a rapid and significant downregulation of pluripotent and most ectodermal markers with a general upregulation of endoderm, mesoderm, and endothelial markers. Of the genes assayed, BMPR2 and RUNX1 were differentially affected by exposure to BMP4 in both cell lines. Immunocytochemistry indicates the morphological structures formed were negative for the mature endothelial markers CD31 and CD146 as well as the neural marker SOX2, yet positive for the early vascular markers of endothelium (KDR, NESTIN) and smooth muscle cells (alpha-smooth muscle actin [alpha SMA]). Together, these data suggest BMP4 can enhance the formation and outgrowth of an immature vascular system.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/farmacología , Células Madre Embrionarias/efectos de los fármacos , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4 , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Portadoras/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Células Madre Embrionarias/citología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos
6.
J Med Microbiol ; 38(3): 187-90, 1993 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7681113

RESUMEN

The bacteriology of brain abscess is complex--both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are involved, and their incidence varies from centre to centre. In this study of 50 consecutive cases of brain abscess, the value of both modern imaging techniques and the time-honoured Gram's stain was demonstrated. The Gram's stain showed organisms in 41 cases (82%) and culture was positive in 44 cases (88%). Thirty cultures yielded pure aerobic growth: Staphylococcus aureus, beta-haemolytic streptococci and Proteus spp. were predominant. Five cases gave mixed aerobic cultures, and in seven cases anaerobes were isolated. Of these, three showed a mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from one of the samples, which had shown acid-fast bacilli on direct smear. M. fortuitum was cultured from one sample, although no organisms were seen in the gram-stained preparation.


Asunto(s)
Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Absceso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Absceso Encefálico/etiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Violeta de Genciana , Cardiopatías Congénitas/complicaciones , Humanos , Lactante , Enfermedades Pulmonares/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Otitis Media Supurativa/complicaciones , Fenazinas , Coloración y Etiquetado , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
7.
Toxicology ; 29(1-2): 157-61, 1983 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6658797

RESUMEN

With a view to evaluate the possible teratogenic potential of 1-methane-sulphonyl-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-yl)-2-imidazolidi none (Go 10213), groups of pregnant rats were medicated orally with: 0, 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg of the compound daily from day 6 to day 15 of gestation. Foetuses were removed on day 20 of gestation, and were examined for their mortality, size, weight and any gross malformation. One third of the foetuses were fixed in Bouin's Fluid and sectioned by Wilson's technique for histological evaluation. The remaining pups were examined for the skeletal anomalies. CIBA-GEIGY Go 10213 appears to be neither embryotoxic nor teratogenic to the rat-foetuses, when the mothers were medicated at the aforesaid doses, during their critical phase of the pregnancy.


Asunto(s)
Anomalías Inducidas por Medicamentos/etiología , Amebicidas/toxicidad , Antiprotozoarios/toxicidad , Antitricomonas/toxicidad , Giardia/efectos de los fármacos , Nitroimidazoles/toxicidad , Animales , Huesos/anomalías , Femenino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas
8.
Biotechnol Prog ; 15(3): 556-64, 1999.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10356276

RESUMEN

A model predictive control strategy was developed and tested on a nonlinear canine circulatory model for the regulation of hemodynamic variables under critical care conditions. Different patient conditions such as congestive heart failure, post-operative hypertension, and sepsis shock were studied in closed-loop simulations. The model predictive controller, which uses a different linear model depending on the patient condition, allowed constraints to be explicitly enforced. The controller was initially tuned on the basis of a linear plant model, then tested on the nonlinear physiological model; the simulations demonstrated the ability to handle constraints, such as drug dosage specifications, commonly desired by critical care physicians.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Modelos Biológicos , Animales , Biotecnología , Presión Sanguínea , Gasto Cardíaco , Cuidados Críticos , Perros , Humanos , Infusiones Parenterales , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Contracción Miocárdica
9.
Sci Total Environ ; 173-174: 275-82, 1995 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8560224

RESUMEN

A pilot study has been performed to assess the feasibility of labelling bovine muscle tissue with 14C, in order to produce material suitable for intercomparison exercises. Approximately 1 kg of tissue was prepared by grinding, blending, labelling with 14C-methylated bovine haemoglobin and thoroughly mixing by repeated blending. The product was sealed in cans and sterilized to preserve it. Portions of raw material were dried to test the homogeneity of moisture content. Homogeneity of 14C in the natural and labelled materials was tested by analyzing sub-samples of 2-3 g in weight of the freeze-dried materials. The 14C content was determined by combusting and collecting the CO2 for liquid scintillation counting. The material was found to be homogeneous to the extent of 2-4% (R.S.D.), which is comparable with the R.S.D. of the 14C measurements. The 14C concentration in the labelled material was 8190 +/- 220 Bq.kg-1 of carbon. It was concluded that bovine muscle prepared in this manner would be suitable for intercomparison exercises. The 14C level in unlabelled tissue was found to be 260 +/- 7 Bq.kg-1 of carbon, which is similar to the level of 14C previously determined in milk and both are consistent with levels measured in vegetation in Eastern Ontario.


Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Carbono/análisis , Bovinos , Marcaje Isotópico/métodos , Músculos/química , Animales , Estudios de Factibilidad , Proyectos Piloto , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
10.
J AOAC Int ; 76(4): 703-6, 1993.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8374319

RESUMEN

Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides were determined in several species of commercial fish from the Great Lakes and compared to the total organic chlorine determined by neutron activation analysis. The mean organochlorine contents ranged from 44 to 138 ppm (lipid basis) and were 5 to 72 times higher than the contents of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides. Marine fish also contained a large proportion of unidentified organic chlorine. The unknown material in the Great Lakes fish was found to chromatograph with the high molecular weight lipid fraction by gel permeation chromatography.


Asunto(s)
Peces/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos Clorados/análisis , Carne/análisis , Animales , Cloro , Cromatografía de Gases , Cromatografía en Gel , Great Lakes Region , Insecticidas/análisis , Lípidos/análisis , Peso Molecular , Análisis de Activación de Neutrones , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Bifenilos Policlorados/análisis , Control de Calidad , Radioisótopos/análisis
11.
Indian J Pediatr ; 60(1): 37-41, 1993.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8244484

RESUMEN

Thirty three young patients (23 males and 10 females), between 3-20 years of age, with a clinical suspicion of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were evaluated over a period of 4 years. A past history of measles was obtained in 42.4% of the cases. One child was immunised against measles. Measles specific antibodies (IgG) were demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 30 (90.9%) of the 33 patients by ELISA. In the remaining three cases the antibodies were detected only in the serum. Serodiagnosis of SSPE by ELISA had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 93.3% and a positive predictive value of 100%.


Asunto(s)
Panencefalitis Esclerosante Subaguda/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Niño , Preescolar , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Virus del Sarampión/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Pruebas Serológicas
12.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 36(2): 176-89, 1993 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8276485

RESUMEN

PIP: The first accepted report of a novel human, slow virus disease belonging to "lentivirus" known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can be traced to reports of June 1981. HIV-1 and HIV-2 were later found over the period 1984-86 to be unequivocally associated with AIDS. They are two serologically distinct viruses belonging to the same family with the unique properties of integration and latency in the host cell genome and the presence of reverse transcriptase. Typical of all retroviruses, the HIV genome comprises three genes governing the synthesis of all core proteins, replication protein encoding, and envelope proteins. HIV uses the CD4 antigen on T-helper cells, and about 40% of blood monocytes and tissue macrophages as a cell surface receptor. HIV may, however, also infect cells which contain no CD4. Macrophages serve as the main reservoir of HIV and may carry the virus to different organs. Very recently a rare type of white blood cell called the dendritic cell has been found to allow for direct infection by HIV during sexual intercourse. These cells are prominently present in the anal and vaginal mucosa. The authors discuss facts and figures on the HIV epidemic, the Indian scenario, classification of the clinical spectrum, the enzyme immunoassay HIV testing format, Western blot, immunofluorescence antibody, HIV culture, flow cytometry, radio immuno precipitation assay, and the detection of HIV DNA. Significant advances have been made over the last ten years in understanding the pathogenesis of HIV infection and accurately diagnosing infected individuals, with recombinant technology, polymerase chain reaction, and the construction of synthetic hybrid virus rapidly becoming part of routine diagnostics. More sensitive, specific, and rapid techniques are, however, needed for the early diagnosis and management of AIDS cases. The need for more ideal antibody incorporating both regulatory and structural proteins of the virion, preferably manufactured using recombinant or peptide synthesis technique, with high purity and concentrations must be viewed seriously.^ieng


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/etiología , Serodiagnóstico del SIDA , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Brotes de Enfermedades , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1 , VIH-2 , Humanos , India/epidemiología
13.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 34(1): 43-9, 1991 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1794906

RESUMEN

Epidemiological surveillance of Hepatitis B surface antigen in the city of Hyderabad at our Institute shows that the incidence of HBsAg is considerably high among the general population. In a comparative evaluation of the two techniques used, RPHA and ELISA, the latter emerged as a reliable one with high specificity and sensitivity. Screening of all blood samples by ELISA is imperative for uniform reporting of the incidence. Non risk groups like voluntary blood donors, cardiac patients serve as potential reservoirs of HBV infection.


Asunto(s)
Portador Sano/epidemiología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Incidencia , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas
14.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 35(1): 48-52, 1992 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1452246

RESUMEN

Serum Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) enzyme levels were estimated in 61 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and correlated with "Gold standards" such as smear positivity of sputum for Acid Fast bacilli, Tuberculin skin testing and Radiological evidence. The mean ADA levels in smear and Tuberculin negative patients was 13.13 +/- 5.97 u/L, while in those with smear and/or strongly positive Tuberculin reaction, the mean levels of ADA were 33.52 +/- 15.22 u/L. The mean serum ADA levels in 25 healthy voluntary donors with no evidence of active or old Tuberculous lesion, were found to be 16.5 +/- 3.18 u/L. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test was found to be 87%, 71%, 90% and 66.5% respectively. The results conclude that the serum ADA value is sufficiently useful in identifying those patients in whom the diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis should be actively considered.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Desaminasa/sangre , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Humanos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología
15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20921736

RESUMEN

A preliminary study was conducted to know the age, sex distribution and clinical pattern of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in a remote hilly area, Faifa, Gizan situated in the South West region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. C L accounted for nearly 5% of the new outpatient attendance in the study period (1988-90) of 20 months. Out of the 140 new patients who formed the study group, 82 were males (58.57%) and 58 females (41.43%) in the age range of 9 months to 60 years. Ninety two patients were children (65.71%) below 15 years. including 58 boys and 34 girls and CL is a major public health problem in children of this area. The fact that out of 140 affected individuals, 134 were local Saudis and 6 non-Saudis reveals the autochthonous nature of the disease in this region. The clinical spectrum included dry crusted ulcers, erythematous indurated plaques, nodules, papules, and oozing shallow ulcers. The lesions were distributed mostly on face and extremities. Response to pentostam (Sodium stibogluconate) was highly satisfactory.

16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20877071

RESUMEN

Lincomycin is chemically distinct from all other available antibiotics except its semi-synthetic derivative clindamycin. Though it has been in the market for over three decades, there were not many clinical studies in India. This study has been undertaken to know its efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, commonest organism of pyodermas in children. Material was taken from the lesions of 100 fresh cases of various types of pyodermas in children and studied by Gram stain and in 50% human blood agar and nutrient agar according to standard methods. The staphylococci thus isolated were tested for linocomycin susceptibility by using the disc diffusion technique. Lincomycin was given to all these children in a daily dose of 30 mg/kg 5 - 10 days. Treatment failure was defined as persistence of lesions after 10 days of treatment. 75% strains of staphylococci were susceptible to lincomycin in vitro and 95% of the patients responded to 5-10 days treatment. Five out of 100 children did not respond to treatment even after 10 days. No case of relapse was noticed among these 95 children for a period of 2 weeks. No side effects were observed and the drug was very well tolerated. Being highly effective and least toxic linomycin deserves a place in the antimicrobial arsenal of the modern dermatologists.

17.
Biomater Sci ; 2(10): 1497-1508, 2014 Oct 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25177487

RESUMEN

The process of new blood vessel formation is critical in tissue development, remodeling and regeneration. Modular tissue engineering approaches have been developed to enable the bottom-up assembly of more complex tissues, including vascular networks. In this study, collagen-fibrin composite microbeads (100-300 µm in diameter) were fabricated using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. Human endothelial cells and human fibroblasts were embedded directly in the microbead matrix at the time of fabrication. Microbead populations were characterized and cultured for 14 days either as free-floating populations or embedded in a surrounding fibrin gel. The collagen-fibrin matrix efficiently entrapped cells and supported their viability and spreading. By 7 days in culture, endothelial cell networks were evident within microbeads, and these structures became more prominent by day 14. Fibroblasts co-localized with endothelial cells, suggesting a pericyte-like function, and laminin deposition indicated maturation of the vessel networks over time. Microbeads embedded in a fibrin gel immediately after fabrication showed the emergence of cells and the coalescence of vessel structures in the surrounding matrix by day 7. By day 14, inosculation of neighboring cords and prominent vessel structures were observed. Microbeads pre-cultured for 7 days prior to embedding in fibrin gave rise to vessel networks that emanated radially from the microbead by day 7, and developed into connected networks by day 14. Lumen formation in endothelial cell networks was confirmed using confocal sectioning. These data show that collagen-fibrin composite microbeads support vascular network formation. Microbeads embedded directly after fabrication emulated the process of vasculogenesis, while the branching and joining of vessels from pre-cultured microbeads resembled angiogenesis. This modular microtissue system has utility in studying the processes involved in new vessel formation, and may be developed into a therapy for the treatment of ischemic conditions.

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