Early life history of the middling thread herring (Opisthonema medirastre) in the central Galápagos Islands.

The authors estimated life-history parameters of a clupeid forage fish, Opisthonema medirastre, by sampling juveniles over the course of a year in the central region of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. They collected 160 juveniles on the south coast of Santa Cruz Island during the wet/warm season that were 16-48 mm standard length, were 30-88 days old, had hatched at the beginning of the wet/warm season and had grown at 0.4 mm day-1 . The results suggest that in Galápagos, O. medirastre reproduce during the wet/warm season mostly under neutral ENSO conditions.

Shapeshifters, systems thinking and settler colonial logic: Expanding the framework of analysis of Indigenous health equity.

Despite increased attention in the health care field to the disparate health outcomes of Indigenous peoples, inequities persist. Analytical frameworks with the capacity to account for integrated systems analysis of power and domination are underrepresented yet vital to affecting change. Narratives represent Indigenous approaches to systems thinking, yet are often excluded from the literature on theorizing health systems. Recent theorizing in systems thinking provides a conceptual toolkit to interrogate health systems in a way that emphasizes ongoing histories of settler colonialism that underpin determinants of vulnerability, risks and poor health outcomes. Walby's (2007) approach to complexity theory provides an opportunity to re-orient the way health system researchers and practitioneers approach systems of domination in the context of Indigenous peoples' health, including viewing settler colonialism as a shapeshifter who abounds within the possibility of their environment and is a master of time and space. We explore the concepts of attunement and restraint in complexity theory and complex adaptive systems to better understand the movements of shapeshifters. Further, we demonstrate an application of Walby's framework to a narrative, using the highly publicized story of Brian Sinclair, an Indigenous man who died in a Winnipeg Emergency department. Noting how this approach accounts for settler colonial logics in health care system performance, we establish linkages between Walby's articulation of complexity and the fields of Indigenous and Settler Colonial Studies, anchoring this discussion in Indigenous ontology through the metaphor of shapeshifting. By focusing on the systems level, we elucidate the plethora of individual experiences as outcomes of settler colonialism played out within highly complex, adaptive social systems.

Examining Indigenous food sovereignty as a conceptual framework for health in two urban communities in Northern Ontario, Canada.

While land is a nexus for culture, identity, governance, and health, as a concept land is rarely addressed in conversations and policy decisions about Indigenous health and well-being. Indigenous food sovereignty, a concept which embodies Indigenous peoples' ability to control their food systems, including markets, production modes, cultures and environments, has received little attention as a framework to approach Indigenous health especially for Indigenous people living in urban spaces. Instead, discussions about Indigenous food sovereignty have largely focused on global and remote and rural communities. Addressing this gap in the literature, this article presents exploratory work conducted with Waasegiizhig Nanaandawe'iyewigamig and Shkagamik-Kwe Health Centre, two Indigenous-led Aboriginal Health Access Centres in urban service centers located in Northern Ontario, Canada.