[Nutritional status, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and mortality in the elderly hospitalized patient]. / El estado nutricional, la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y la mortalidad en el anciano internado.

In order to evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory response and mortality in the older hospitalized patient, we developed a prospective cohort study in which we evaluated a nutritional score (SGA), years of instruction, functional status, organic failure (Marshall), presence of sepsis, comorbidities (Charlson), cognitive state (MMSE), albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and mortality. Fifty two patients were included, 19 men (36.5%) and 33 women (63.5%), mean age was 80 (Interquartile Range 12.5) years. 29 (55.8%) patients were well-nourished and 23 (44.2%) malnourished, 53.8% of patients developed sepsis at admission or during hospitalization. Total nosocomial mortality was 7.7 % (n = 4) and one-year mortality was 31.8% (n = 14). Comparative analyses showed older age (80 vs. 78; p = 0.012), less years of instruction (7 vs. 8; p = 0.027), lower MMST (14 vs. 27; p = 0.017), lower previous functional status (21 vs. 32; p < 0.0001), lower albumin (3 vs. 3.35; p = 0.014) and higher organic failure score at admission (3 vs. 1; p = 0.01) with more number of affected organs (2 vs. 1; p = 0.003) in malnourished patients compared to well nourished ones. Higher incidence of sepsis -at admission or during hospitalization- (73.9% vs. 37.9%; p = 0.01) and more severe stages of sepsis were also observed in malnourished patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher in malnourished (52.2% vs. 9.5%, log rank test = 0.002). In conclusion, malnourished patients presented greater systemic inflammatory response.

Neutropenia and the development of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine outcome and natural course of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) stages in adult febrile neutropenic patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study in the medicine department and intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENT: Adults with cancer-related neutropenia and community-acquired fever. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Patients were classified on admission according to SIRS parameters, tumor type, and degree of neutropenia. Records of clinical and laboratory data during hospitalization were reviewed. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. Seventy-nine events in 62 patients were analyzed. Overall mortality rate was 20.2% (16/79). Mortality increased as SIRS stage worsened on admission. No patients with stage 2 SIRS died (neutropenia and fever alone) but 11.1% of patients with SIRS 3, 43.4% with SIRS 4, 66.6% with sepsis induced hypotension, and 90% with septic shock. SIRS stage on admission was an independent predictor of death and was related directly to rate of progression to shock, i.e., none of the patients with SIRS 2, 2.7%(1/36) of those with SIRS 3, and 30.4% (7/23) of those admitted with SIRS 4. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and progression to septic shock increased as more SIRS criteria were met on admission. SIRS stages could serve as a risk-assessing model in febrile neutropenic patients.

El estado nutricional, la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y la mortalidad en el anciano internado / Nutritional status, systemic inflammatory response and mortality in the elderly hospitalized patient

La desnutrición en el anciano involucra un estado inflamatorio. Con el objetivo de evaluar en el paciente internado la relación con la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y la mortalidad desarrollamos un estudio de cohortes prospectivo en el que evaluamos un score nutricional (SGA), años de instrucción, capacidad funcional, falla orgánica (Marshall), presencia de sepsis, comorbilidades (Charlson), estado cognitivo (MMSE), albúmina, eritrosedimentación y mortalidad. Se incluyeron 52 pacientes, 19 hombres (36.5%) y 33 mujeres (63.5%) con una mediana de edad de 80 (RI 12.5) años. Los pacientes normonutridos fueron 29 (55.8%) y los desnutridos 23 (44.2%).El 53.8% de los pacientes desarrollaron sepsis al ingreso o en la internación. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria en toda la muestra fue 7.7% (n = 4) y al año fue del 31.8% (n = 14). En el análisis comparativo se evidenció mayor edad (80 vs. 78; p = 0.012), menos años de instrucción (7 vs. 8; p = 0.027), un MMST menor (14 vs. 27; p = 0.017), menor capacidad funcional previa (21 vs. 32; p < 0.0001), menor valor de albumina (3 vs. 3.35; p = 0.014) y mayor score de falla orgánica de ingreso (3 vs. 1; p = 0.01) con mayor número de órganos afectados (2 vs. 1; p = 0.003) en los desnutridos con respecto a los normonutridos. También se observó mayor incidencia de sepsis -al ingreso o durante la internación- (73.9% vs. 37.9%; p = 0.01) y niveles de sepsis más graves en desnutridos. La mortalidad al año fue significativamente mayor en los desnutridos (52.2% vs. 9.5%, log rank test = 0.002). En conclusión, los pacientes desnutridos presentaron mayor respuesta inflamatoria sistémica.

In order to evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory response and mortality in the older hospitalized patient, we developed a prospective cohort study in which we evaluated a nutritional score (SGA), years of instruction, functional status, organic failure (Marshall), presence of sepsis, comorbidities (Charlson), cognitive state (MMSE), albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and mortality. Fifty two patients were included, 19 men (36.5%) and 33 women (63.5%), mean age was 80 (Interquartile Range 12.5) years. 29 (55.8%) patients were well-nourished and 23 (44.2%) malnourished, 53.8% of patients developed sepsis at admission or during hospitalization. Total nosocomial mortality was 7.7 % (n = 4) and one-year mortality was 31.8% (n = 14). Comparative analyses showed older age (80 vs. 78; p = 0.012), less years of instruction (7 vs. 8; p = 0.027), lower MMST (14 vs. 27; p = 0.017), lower previous functional status (21 vs. 32; p < 0.0001), lower albumin (3 vs. 3.35; p = 0.014) and higher organic failure score at admission (3 vs. 1; p = 0.01) with more number of affected organs (2 vs. 1; p = 0.003) in malnourished patients compared to well nourished ones. Higher incidence of sepsis -at admission or during hospitalization- (73.9% vs. 37.9%; p = 0.01) and more severe stages of sepsis were also observed in malnourished patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher in malnourished (52.2% vs. 9.5%, log rank test = 0.002). In conclusion, malnourished patients presented greater systemic inflammatory response.

Cancer patients with septic shock: mortality predictors and neutropenia.

GOALS OF WORK: To study outcome and its predictive factors in cancer patients admitted to the ICU with septic shock, and the implications of neutropenia as a risk factor in this advanced stage of systemic inflammatory response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective consecutive observational cohort study was conducted in 73 adults with cancer and septic shock admitted to the ICU at the Cancer Medical Center associated with the University of Buenos Aires. MAIN RESULTS: The mortality rate from septic shock was 53.4% (95%CI 41.9 to 64.8%). The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score on admission, the mean number of organ dysfunctions on admission or during the ICU stay, liver dysfunction, respiratory dysfunction, and the need for mechanical ventilation were predictive of mortality in a univariate analysis. Neutropenia was not associated with a worse prognosis in terms of mortality (56%) or mean days of ICU stay (6.64 days) in comparison with nonneutropenic patients (52.1% and 6.8 days) in the univariate analysis. In the logistic regression model only the need for mechanical ventilation and liver dysfunction remained independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Septic shock among cancer patients admitted to the ICU has a mortality rate similar to that reported for mixed populations, and it is particularly increased when hepatic or respiratory dysfunction develop. Neutropenia on admission does not seem to modify outcome.