Reorientation of nurses' training: analysis of the protagonists. / Reorientação da formação do enfermeiro: análise a partir dos seus protagonistas.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the changes that occur in nursing education from the perspective of the Pro-Health programme and its impact on the professional practice of the graduate students of this programme. METHODS: This is a collective study conducted in southern Brazil. The cases were nursing courses contemplated with the Pro-Health programme. Interviews were conducted with health workers, professors, students, and graduates of the cases, followed by observation of the theory and practice activities of the basic care units, and document analysis of the political-educational project of the courses, in 2015. The data were organised and analysed using analytical questions. RESULTS: The programme reflects on the reorientation of the curriculum, on the encouragement and strengthening of permanent education, and on the integration of teaching and service. CONCLUSIONS: The programme is recognised for its effects on the education and work process of the graduates. However, local policies should be created to ensure the sustainability of teaching and service integration.

Indications of comprehensiveness in the pedagogical relationship: a design to be constructed in nursing education. / Indicativos da integralidade na relação pedagógica: um design a ser construído na formação do enfermeiro.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the indications of comprehensiveness translate into the teaching-learning process in a nursing undergraduate course. METHOD: Qualitative case study carried out with professors of a Nursing Undergraduate Course. Data collection occurred through documentary analysis, non-participant observation and individual interviews. Data analysis was guided from an analytical matrix following the steps of the operative proposal. RESULTS: Eight professors participated in the study. Some indications of comprehensiveness such as dialogue, listening, mutual respect, bonding and welcoming are present in the daily life of some professors. The indications of comprehensiveness are applied by some professors in the pedagogical relationship. The results refer to the Comprehensiveness of teaching-learning in a single and double loop model, and in this the professor and the student assume an open posture for new possibilities in the teaching-learning process. CONCLUSION: Comprehensiveness, as it is recognized as a pedagogical principle, allows the disruption of a professor-centered teaching and advances in collective learning, enabling the professor and student to create their own design anchored in a reflective process about their practices and the reality found in the health services.

[Nursing education research groups in Brazil]. / Grupos de Pesquisa de Educação em Enfermagem do Brasil.

The aim of this study is to characterize the organization of nursing education research groups in Brazil. This is a quantitative, descriptive and documentary study. Census data for 2006 were collected from the CNPq database website. Brazil has 47 education research groups, comprised of 412 researchers, of whom 91% have masters, doctoral or postdoctoral degrees. There are 307 students, of whom 92% are nursing undergraduates. However, only 9% are recipients of young investigator grants. There are also 112 technicians, of whom 75% are nursing professionals; 46% have a masters or doctoral degree. In Brazil, there are a considerable number of nursing education research groups, which contribute significantly to scientific production of nursing knowledge in Latin America. In this scenario, there are many challenges to be overcome: poor interdisciplinary cooperation; limited integration between education and practice; low number of grants awarded to young investigators and significant inequalities between the country's geographic regions in terms of access to research development.

[Palliative care: the nurses' contributions in pain assessment]. / Cuidados paliativos: a avaliação da dor na percepção de enfermeiras.

The purpose of this study is to reveal nurses' ideas and contributions on the assessment of cancer patients' pain in palliative care through a proposal of work education based on Paul Freire's problematizing education theory. We used Juan Charles Maguerez's "problematization arc" as a strategy for data collection. The study included six nurses. The results pointed to three categories: (1) the meaning of pain, (2) the way pain assessment is practiced by nurses and (3) contributions to care. Cancer pain is a total pain. It exceeds the physical dimension of disease and extends to psychological and social dimensions. The deployment of systematic pain care routines, enclosed in the systematization of nursing care makes it possible to better redirect the actions, therefore achieving a most complete and effective pain management.

[Dialogues with nurses about oncologic pain assessment of patients under palliative care]. / Dialogando com enfermeiras sobre a avaliação da dor oncológica do paciente sob cuidados paliativos.

It is an experience report developed next to nurses of a public hospital of Florianópolis-SC, about pain measurement of cancer patient in palliative cares. A total of six nurses had participated of six meeting distributed at three educative moments of this practical. The analysis of undertaken dialogue evidenced that, for the nurses, measurable and objective data are not only enough to measure pain. According to them, it is imperative consider biopsicosociais aspects, valuing integrally the pain that the patient relates. The concluding nurses detach that she has necessity to construct a pain measurement systematization to allow strengthens the importance of pain control to base the practical one, make possible the register of information and the continued education.

[Blood donation: mechanic solidarity versus organic solidarity]. / Doação de sangue: solidariedade mecânica versus solidariedade orgânica.

The article offers a reflection of blood donation in an hemocenter of Santa Catarina, with a mechanic and organic solidarity approach. It discuss the way of life in contemporary globalization and the cult of speed in a context pervaded by uncertainties and adversities. People live in a fast world, making social interaction difficult, contributing to the weakening of values and attitudes that could improve the quality of life. Considering the difficulties of everyday contemporary society, concerning Brazilian hemotherapy history on blood donation, there is a perception that attitudes and values, such as solidarity, have been modifying in subtle ways with a background of current events. It searches for understanding of blood donation as mechanic and organic solidarity.

[Research groups in nursing in the South Region part of Brazil]. / Grupos de pesquisa de educação em enfermagem da Região sul do Brasil.

The study purpose is to describe how the Research Groups of Nursing Education (RGNE) are organized in the Southern of Brazil. It's a documental study descriptive and explorative, of qualitative research, with the data collection from the Brazilian National Agency for Science and Technology (CNPq) Groups Directory website 2006 census. The South Region presents 18 RGNE with 173 researchers; most of them have Master and Doctor Degree, working like professor. There are 111 students; most of them are graduating from the nursing course. Nevertheless, we still have a small number of scientific initiation scholarships. There are 27 technicians, who have got masters degree or have taken a specialization and have worked on assistance and teaching working in nursing area. The expressive participation of undergraduate students seems to improve the nursing researcher formation. Therefore, there is a great need to invest in the interdisciplinary process and the teaching-working integration at RGNE.

Teaching-service integration: building the educational workshop in healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the pedagogical strategies and the elements that determine the construction of the educational workshop in healthcare at the teaching-service integration process. METHOD: Collective case study with qualitative approach. The cases consisted of two undergraduate courses in nursing. Thirty-one interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, professors and students, in addition to participant observation in seven basic health units (UBS) that received the students interviewed. RESULTS: The following analytical categories emerged: teaching-service integration: articulating idealized situations with real situations; pedagogical workshop in health: development of collective pedagogical actions; reflection on the experiences in the pedagogical workshop in health: articulating the knowledge of the work world with the teaching world. FINAL CONSIDERATION: Despite the integration difficulties between teaching and service, we can conclude that their encounter generates a fertile field for the development of the educational workshop in healthcare. To this end, the agreement of the strategies presented in the constitution of the workshop is necessary.

Teaching of infection control in undergraduate courses in health sciences: opinion of experts.

OBJECTIVE: To know the perception of expert professionals in infection control and prevention on the teaching of skills for the prevention and control of infections related to health care in undergraduate courses in Health Sciences. METHOD: We used the Delphi technique, developed in four sequential rounds. Thirty-one nurses and eight physicians participated in the study. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis; the quantitative ones, from the descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The importance of the courses has had teachers with expertise in infection control and prevention added to arguments about the development of the subject in the curricula by means of a specific subject or as a transversal theme. CONCLUSIONS: In order to cover the complexity of the elements that are interconnected for professional training, teaching must be based on pedagogical strategies that provoke reflection in students, encouraging them to develop critical thinking about their experiences.

Dialogue: network that intertwines the pedagogical relationship into the practical-reflective teaching. / Diálogo: rede que entrelaça a relação pedagógica no ensino prático- reflexivo.

OBJECTIVE: to understand how dialogue occurs in the pedagogical relation in the practical reflective teaching in an undergraduate program in nursing. METHOD: qualitative research, case study. Data collection was conducted from May 2013 to September 2014 with eight professors of Nursing, by means of observation and interviews. Data analysis followed the operational proposal constituted by the exploratory stage and the interpretive stage. RESULTS: point the dialogue established within the pedagogical relation as a challenge to be faced in practical-reflective teaching, so professor and student build a relationship that foster thought and action in the theoretical context and in the field of practice. CONCLUSION: in establishing a dialogic-reflective tone in the pedagogical relationship, the professor opens paths to new discoveries, enabling the creation of teaching-learning spaces that stimulate autonomy, abilities, and critical and reflective attitudes of students along their education.

[Critical/creative nursing professional: the construction of the intersectional space in the pedagogical relation]. / Profissional critíco-criativa em enfermagem: a construção do espaço interseçor na relaço pedagógica.

This study is aimed at understanding how the intersectional space manifests itself in the pedagogical relation in an Undergraduate Nursing Course. It is based on Merhy's theoretical system, which establishes the intersectional space in the health work process as a moment that can promote the implementation of changes. The utilized methodology is based on a qualitative approach in the style of instrumental case study, using the observation technique in the formal fields of teaching. We have identified a disproportion between the instituted programs and curiosity, reaffirming that the educative process needs to be a knowing act among subjects, in a dialogic relation mediated by words, emotions and knowable objects. We have concluded that the instituting pedagogical relation represents a commitment to the transformation of the health practices.

[Creativity and the pedagogical relationship: in search of new paths to the training of creative and critical professionals]. / Criatividade e relação pedagógica: em busca de caminhos para a formação do profissional crítico criativo.

This study is a philosophical reflection and stresses the importance of freedom spaces inside the pedagogical relationship as a tool for the constitution of a critical and creative professional. We view the teaching "art" in the educational work as a possibility for freedom, with projects arising from the objectives established within his/her contextualized reality. It is paramount to value the intersection space as a privileged space for freedom and autonomy to be expressed, where the pedagogical relationship favors a practical and though-provoking learning, rescuing the creative potential of individuals and their self-guidance.

Development of critical attitude in fundamentals of professional care discipline: a case study.

This is a qualitative case study to identify the contributions of a critical pedagogical technique in developing critical attitudes of graduating nursing students in Brazil. Fourteen students participated in this study. Data were collected from March to August 2010 using triangulation of non-participant observation, interview and document analysis. The collected data were transcribed to Word documents, which were subsequently imported into ATLAS.ti, version 6.2, for organisation and qualitative data analysis. The analysis was based on the work of Minayo (2010). The following three thematic analysis units were constructed: feeling free - seeking the liberty to learn to admire, admiring by curiosity and reflecting about the admired object. The results of the thematic categories reveal that the students understand that they are free to have an active role in their education, and the teacher facilitates this process; thus, the students have a raison d'ètre, or reason for being, free. Feeling free, the student can exercise their curiosity when facing the given situations and topics, which challenges them to make decisions based on their awareness of the world.

The principle of integrality of care in the political-pedagogical projects of nursing programs.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the political-pedagogical projects of the undergraduate nursing programs in Santa Catarina, Brazil according to the guidelines of the Ministries of Health and Education, considering the education of professionals under the principle of integrality. METHOD: documentary study with a qualitative approach. Nine projects were analyzed. RESULTS: the colleges from the Southern region of Brazil are gradually incorporating the theoretical framework of the Brazilian health system and curricular guidelines, which includes the principle of integrality of care, into their political-pedagogical projects of undergraduate nursing programs. Some institutions strictly follow the curricular guidelines, while others make their own interpretation. CONCLUSION: most teaching institutions do not provide pedagogical support to students.

Teaching-service integration: building the educational workshop in healthcare / Integración enseñanza-servicio: construyendo el taller pedagógico en salud / Integração ensino-serviço: construindo o ateliê pedagógico em saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the pedagogical strategies and the elements that determine the construction of the educational workshop in healthcare at the teaching-service integration process. Method: Collective case study with qualitative approach. The cases consisted of two undergraduate courses in nursing. Thirty-one interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, professors and students, in addition to participant observation in seven basic health units (UBS) that received the students interviewed. Results: The following analytical categories emerged: teaching-service integration: articulating idealized situations with real situations; pedagogical workshop in health: development of collective pedagogical actions; reflection on the experiences in the pedagogical workshop in health: articulating the knowledge of the work world with the teaching world. Final Consideration: Despite the integration difficulties between teaching and service, we can conclude that their encounter generates a fertile field for the development of the educational workshop in healthcare. To this end, the agreement of the strategies presented in the constitution of the workshop is necessary.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las estrategias pedagógicas y los elementos que determinan la construcción del taller pedagógico en salud en el proceso de integración enseñanza-servicio. Método: Estudio de caso colectivo con abordaje cualitativo. Los casos fueron dos cursos de graduación en enfermería. Se realizaron 31 entrevistas con profesionales de salud, docentes y discentes, además de observación participante en siete unidades básicas de salud (UBS) que recibieron a los estudiantes entrevistados. Resultados: emergieron las siguientes categorías analíticas: integración enseñanza-servicio: articulando situaciones idealizadas con situaciones reales; el taller pedagógico en salud: desarrollo de acciones pedagógicas colectivas; reflexión sobre lo vivido en el taller pedagógico en salud: articulando el conocimiento del mundo del trabajo con el mundo de la enseñanza. Consideraciones Finales: A pesar de las dificultades de integración entre enseñanza y servicio, se puede concluir que el encuentro de estos genera un campo fértil para el desarrollo del taller pedagógico en salud. Para ello, es necesario pactar las estrategias presentadas en la constitución del taller.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as estratégias pedagógicas e os elementos que determinam a construção do ateliê pedagógico em saúde no processo de integração ensino-serviço. Método: Estudo de caso coletivo com abordagem qualitativa. Os casos foram dois cursos de graduação em enfermagem. Foram realizadas 31 entrevistas com profissionais de saúde, docentes e discentes, além de observação participante em sete unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) que receberam os estudantes entrevistados. Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias analíticas: integração ensino-serviço: articulando situações idealizadas com situações reais; o ateliê pedagógico em saúde: desenvolvimento de ações pedagógicas coletivas; reflexão sobre o vivido no ateliê pedagógico em saúde: articulando o conhecimento do mundo do trabalho com o mundo do ensino. Considerações Finais: Apesar das dificuldades de integração entre ensino e serviço, pode-se concluir que o encontro destes gera um campo fértil para o desenvolvimento do ateliê pedagógico em saúde. Para tal, é necessária a pactuação das estratégias apresentadas na constituição do ateliê.

Relação pedagógica no ensino prático-reflexivo: elementos característicos do ensino da integralidade na formação do enfermeiro / Relación pedagógica en la enseñanza práctico-reflexiva: elementos característicos de la enseñanza de la integralidad en la formación del enfermero / The pedagogical relationship in practical-reflexive education: characteristic elements of teaching integrality in nurse education

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os elementos da relação pedagógica no ensino prático-reflexivo que caracterizem o ensino da integralidade. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. Coleta de dados ocorreu de maio de 2013 a setembro de 2014, com oito docentes de disciplinas do eixo integrador dos quatro últimos semestres de um Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. Utilizou-se a triangulação de técnicas para coleta de dados, análise documental, observação não participante e entrevistas individuais. Análise de dados guiada pela proposta operativa de Minayo. Resultados: a relação pedagógica no Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem está fundamentada em elementos que potencializam o ensino da integralidade, trazendo para o contexto da formação exemplos da prática, conectando o que foi visto na teoria com o encontrado nos serviços de saúde e oportunizando um processo de reflexão para o estudante e para o docente. Conclusão: os elementos da relação pedagógica no ensino prático-reflexivo que caracterizam a aprendizagem a partir do princípio da integralidade, durante a formação do enfermeiro, estão relacionados à conexão teoria e prática, ao desenvolvimento do talento artístico profissional e ao processo de reflexão na e sobre a ação. A relação pedagógica no curso está caminhando para formar profissionais competentes para atuar diante de situações incertas e conflituosas encontradas nos serviços de saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los elementos de la relación pedagógica en la enseñanza práctico-reflexiva que caractericen la enseñanza de la integralidad. Método: investigación cualitativa y del tipo estudio de caso. La recolección de datos se realizó entre mayo del 2013 hasta septiembre del 2014 con ocho docentes de las disciplinas del eje integrador de los cuatro últimos semestres de un Curso de Graduación en Enfermería. Se usó la triangulación de técnicas para la obtención de datos, análisis documental, observación no participante y entrevistas individuales. El análisis de datos fue guiado por la propuesta operativa de Minayo. Resultados: la relación pedagógica en el Curso de Graduación en Enfermería se fundamenta en elementos que potencializan la enseñanza de la integralidad, trayendo para el contexto de la formación los ejemplos de la práctica, conectando lo que fue visto en la teoría con lo encontrado en los servicios de salud y dando lugar a un proceso de reflexión para el estudiante y el docente. Conclusión: los elementos de la relación pedagógica en la enseñanza práctico-reflexiva que caracterizan el aprendizaje a partir del principio de la integralidad, durante la formación del enfermero, están relacionados con la conexión teórica y práctica al desarrollo del talento artístico profesional y al proceso de reflexión en y sobre la acción. La relación pedagógica en el curso está caminando para formar profesionales competentes para actuar ante las situaciones inciertas y conflictivas encontradas en los servicios de salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the elements of the pedagogical relationship in practical-reflexive teaching that characterize the teaching of integrality. Method: a qualitative research using a case study. Data collection took place between May 2013 and September 2014, with eight faculty members from the integrating axis of the last four semesters of a nursing undergraduate course. Triangulation techniques for data collection, documentary analysis, non-participant observation and individual interviews were used. Data analysis was guided by Minayo's operative proposal. Results: the pedagogical relationship in nursing undergraduate course is based on elements that enhance the teaching of integrality, bringing context examples of practice to education, connecting what was seen in theory with that is found in health services and providing a reflection process for the student and teacher. Conclusion: the elements of the pedagogical relationship in the practical-reflexive teaching that characterize the learning from the integrality principle during nurse education are related to the theory and practice connection, the development of professional artistic talent and to the reflection process on and about the action. The pedagogical relationship in the course assists in the education of professionals who are able to competently act in uncertain and conflicting situations found in the health services.

Teaching of infection control in undergraduate courses in health sciences: opinion of experts / Enseñanza del control de infecciones en la graduación en salud: la opinión de expertos / Ensino do controle de infecções na graduação em saúde: opinião de experts

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the perception of expert professionals in infection control and prevention on the teaching of skills for the prevention and control of infections related to health care in undergraduate courses in Health Sciences. Method: We used the Delphi technique, developed in four sequential rounds. Thirty-one nurses and eight physicians participated in the study. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis; the quantitative ones, from the descriptive statistics. Results: The importance of the courses has had teachers with expertise in infection control and prevention added to arguments about the development of the subject in the curricula by means of a specific subject or as a transversal theme. Conclusions: In order to cover the complexity of the elements that are interconnected for professional training, teaching must be based on pedagogical strategies that provoke reflection in students, encouraging them to develop critical thinking about their experiences.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de los profesionales con experiencia en prevención y control de infección sobre la enseñanza de las competencias para la prevención y control de infecciones relacionadas a la asistencia a la salud en los cursos de graduación del área de la salud. Método: Se utilizó la técnica Delphi, desarrollada en cuatro rondas secuenciales. Participaron del estudio 31 enfermeros y 8 médicos. Los datos cualitativos fueron analizados por medio del análisis de contenido y los cuantitativos, a partir de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Ha surgido la importancia de que los cursos tengan docentes con experiencia en prevención y control de infecciones. Sumada a las argumentaciones sobre el desarrollo del tema en los currículos por medio de una disciplina específica o como tema transversal. Conclusiones: Para abarcar la complejidad de los elementos que se interconectan para la formación profesional, la enseñanza debe guiarse en estrategias pedagógicas que instiguen la reflexión en el estudiante, estimulándolo a desarrollar el pensamiento crítico sobre sus vivencias.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos profissionais com expertise em prevenção e controle de infecção sobre o ensino das competências para a prevenção e o controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde nos cursos de graduação da área da saúde. Método: Utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, desenvolvida em quatro rodadas sequenciais. Participaram do estudo 31 enfermeiros e oito médicos. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo; os quantitativos, a partir da estatística descritiva. Resultados: Emergiu a importância de os cursos contarem com docentes com expertise em prevenção e controle de infecções. Somada a argumentações sobre o desenvolvimento do tema nos currículos por meio de uma disciplina específica ou como tema transversal. Conclusões: Para abranger a complexidade dos elementos que se interligam para a formação profissional, o ensino deve pautar-se em estratégias pedagógicas que instiguem a reflexão no estudante, estimulando-o a desenvolver o pensamento crítico sobre suas vivências.

[Female urinary incontinence: a systematic review of qualitative studies]. / Incontinência urinária feminina: revisão sistemática de estudos qualitativos.

Urinary incontinence has broad repercussions on female daily life. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review seeking to analyze results of qualitative research concerning female urinary incontinence published prior to 2009. After an electronic search, 53 research reports were identified with 30 fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria. After classification according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Program, 13 constituted the analytical body for review. The data were synthesized according to the meta-ethnographical approach through reciprocal translation. Two categories emerged: life experiences among incontinent women; and proposals for care models for incontinent women. The restructuring of one's personal life metacategory points to individual adjustments necessary for dealing with the problem. In essence, the results reveal the option of the majority of women facing the loss of urine "silently" and point to the need for professionals to understand family perceptions in order to better comprehend the personal, family, and social implications involved in female urinary incontinence.

Contribuições do programa pró-saúde: uma visão dos egressos de enfermagem / Contributions of the pro-health program: a vision of nursing exchange

Objetivo: analisar como o Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde repercutiu no processo de formação de enfermeiros na região Sul do Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo e analítico, de abordagem qualitativa, com 22 enfermeiros egressos de três cursos de graduação em Enfermagem. A produção de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários e, em seguida, esses foram analisados pela proposta operativa. Resultados: o Programa foi incorporado no processo de formação dos enfermeiros, estimulando as instituições formadoras a adotarem estratégias baseadas nos três eixos estruturantes do programa. Conclusão: o Programa estimulou no processo de formação de uma compreensão do sistema de saúde e seus avanços, preparando os egressos enfermeiros para atuar nos diversos níveis de atenção, além de promover uma visão geral de como o Sistema Único de Saúde funciona, com suas potencialidades e desafios.

Integração ensino-serviço no contexto do projeto político-pedagógico de cursos de enfermagem / Teaching-service integration in the context of the political-pedagogical project of nursing courses

Objetivo: identificar como a integração ensino-serviço está preconizada no Projeto Político-Pedagógico de cursos de Enfermagem contemplados com o Programa Pró-Saúde. Método: estudo quanlitativo, documental, realizado em Projetos Político-Pedagógicos de duas escolas de Enfermagem da região Sul do Brasil e em publicações realizadas por docentes das escolas sobre a proposta política e pedagógica do curso. Análise dedados guiada pelo referencial teórico de Donald Schön e pelo Guia de Análise do Projeto Político-Pedagógico. Resultados: a primeira categoria >apresenta a organização geral dos cursos. A segunda categoria > exibe a intencionalidade dos cursos em aproximar-se dos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: há intencionalidade política e pedagógica das escolas em desenvolverem a integração ensino-serviço. Recomenda-se que os cursos explicitem as estratégias utilizadas para o desenvolvimento e o fortalecimento gradativo da integração ensino-serviço.