Low Serum Adropin Levels are Associated with Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon.

BACKGROUND: Adropin is a peptide hormone expressed in coronary artery endothelial cells, which plays a potential endothelial protective role. We sought to assess whether serum adropin levels are correlated with the coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). METHODS: We enrolled 82 patients with angiographically confirmed CSFP and 184 age-matched controls. Serum adropin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and coronary flow rate was assessed using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC). CSFP was defined as a corrected TIMI-TFC greater than two standard deviations from the normal range. RESULTS: Serum adropin levels were significantly lower in the CSFP patients (n = 82) than in the controls (n = 184) (4.03 ± 1.99 vs. 4.86 ± 1.88 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum adropin was the only independent negative predictor of CSFP (odds ratio 0.758, 95% confidence interval 0.647-0.888, p = 0.001). Serum adropin levels were independently and negatively correlated with mean TFC (r = -0.387, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that decreased serum adropin levels were independently associated with the presence and severity of angiographically proven CSFP. These findings suggest that serum adropin may be a potential biomarker to provide valuable information regarding the prediction of CSFP.

Serum S100A12 concentrations are correlated with angiographic coronary lesion complexity in patients with coronary artery disease.

The neutrophil activation marker S100A12 is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine and a potential biomarker for a range of inflammatory diseases. This study aims to investigate whether serum S100A12 concentrations are associated with angiographic coronary lesion complexity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We enrolled 240 CAD and 68 healthy controls. Coronary lesion complexity was assessed by coronary angiography (CAG). Serum S100A12 concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that serum S100A12 concentrations were independently associated with the presence of complex lesion in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) (Odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04; p < 0.01). In addition, among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who had significantly higher serum S100A12 concentrations than SAP patients (140.8 [interval 109.4-208.6] vs. 120.8 [interval 96.1-145.9] µg/L, respectively, p < 0.01), those with multi-complex lesions had significantly higher serum S100A12 concentrations than those with no or one complex lesion (156.3 [interval 116.2-247.4] vs. 129.2 [interval 99.8-165.2] µg/L, respectively, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that S100A12 in serum might be a potential biomarker for providing valuable information regarding coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with CAD.

Serum sLOX-1 levels are associated with the presence and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease in patients with metabolic syndrome.

PURPOSE: Patients with metabolic syndrome are at high-risk for development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Serum soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(sLOX-1) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and metabolic disorders. We sought to assess whether serum sLOX-1 levels are correlated with the presence and severity of CAD in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: Serum sLOX-1 levels were measured in 112 consecutive patients with MetS, undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of CAD. The severity of CAD was assessed by angiographic Gensini score system. RESULTS: Serum sLOX-1 levels were significantly higher in MetS patients with CAD (n=69) than in those without CAD (n=43) (0.925 [range 0.137 to 1.432] ng/ml vs. 0.207 [range 0.063 to 0.774] ng/ml, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum sLOX-1 level was independently associated with the presence of CAD (odds ratio 2.489, 95% confidence interval 1.290-4.802; P < 0.01). Serum sLOX-1 levels were positively correlated with the Gensini score (ρ: 0.394, P < 0.01) after adjusting for other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: High sLOX-1 levels are associated with the presence and severity of CAD in patients with MetS. The measurement of serum sLOX-1may be potentially useful in predicting the presence and severity of CAD in patients with MetS.

Serum salusin-ß levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess whether serum salusin-ß levels are correlated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We measured serum salusin-ß levels in 278 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) for the evaluation of CAD and in 126 healthy controls. Serum salusin-ß levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of CAD was assessed by angiographic coronary atherosclerosis index score system. RESULTS: Serum salusin-ß levels were significantly higher in patients undergoing CAG (n = 278) than those in healthy controls (n = 126) (3.81 ± 0.99 vs 4.34 ± 1.40 nmol/L, P < 0.01). In patients undergoing CAG, patients with CAD (n = 160) had significantly higher serum salusin-ß levels compared to patients without CAD (n = 118) (4.65 ± 1.44 vs 3.94 ± 1.23 nmol/L, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum salusin-ß levels were independently associated with the presence of CAD (odds ratio, 1.439; 95% confidence interval, 1.176-1.760; P < 0.01). Serum salusin-ß levels were positively correlated with the coronary atherosclerosis index score (r = 0.316, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum salusin-ß levels were associated with the presence and severity of CAD. Salusin-ß in serum might serve as a potential biomarker for reflecting the development and progression of CAD. Therapeutic treatment by inhibiting salusin-ß interaction to prevent CAD warrants further investigation.

Postprocedural serum sLOX-1 levels are associated with coronary in-stent restenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: We tested whether serum soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) levels are able to predict in-stent restenosis (ISR) after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Preprocedural and postprocedural serum sLOX-1 levels were measured in 210 consecutive patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent successful primary PCI for de novo lesions. The patients were grouped as ISR and non-ISR based on angiographic follow-up results. RESULTS: PCI significantly increased serum sLOX-1 levels both in patients with [0.85 (range: 0.63-0.98) vs. 0.39 (range: 0.27-0.54) ng/ml, P < 0.01] or without ISR [0.45 (range: 0.36-0.84) vs. 0.32 (range: 0.28-0.62) ng/ml, P < 0.01]. Postprocedural serum sLOX-1 levels were higher in patients with ISR than those without ISR [0.85 (range: 0.63-0.98) vs. 0.45 (range: 0.36-0.84) ng/ml, P < 0.01]. High postprocedural serum sLOX-1 levels served as independent predictors of ISR (odds ratio: 3.040, 95% confidence interval: 1.359-6.802, P < 0.01). Furthermore, postprocedural serum sLOX-1 levels were correlated with late lumen loss of the stented lesions (ρ = 0.36, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Postprocedural serum sLOX-1 levels are significantly associated with the risk of ISR and the severity of lumen loss in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing primary PCI. These results suggested that postprocedural serum sLOX-1 levels might be useful for the detection and risk assessment of ISR after PCI.