Prevalence of occupational stress among Iranian physicians and dentist: a systematic and meta-analysis study.

BACKGROUND: Occupational stress in health care providers is an undesirable factor that can lead to dissatisfaction and burnout and affect the quality of care and treatment of patients. This study estimated the prevalence of occupational stress among Iranian physicians and dentists. METHOD: The articles were searched using the keywords: "job stress", "job-related stress", "occupational stress", "work-related stress", "workplace stress", "physician", "dentist", and "Iran", and all possible combinations of these terms in domestic databases of Scientific Information Database (SID) and MagIran and international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus with no time limit. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q test. Data analysis was performed in Stata version 11 based on the heterogeneity state using a random-effects model. RESULTS: The sample size in selected articles on physicians and dentists varied from 71 to 516 and 90 to 200, respectively. The prevalence of occupational stress in physicians was 70.10% (95% CI: 55.43-84.78), and among dentists was 50.87% (95% CI: 33.93-67.81). According to the results, there was no significant association between the prevalence of occupational stress, sample size, and year of publication in physicians and dentists. The results showed that publication bias was (p=0.029) for physicians and (p=0.630) for dentists. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational stress among Iranian physicians and dentists is high, which can adversely affect therapists and patients. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on this problem to manage and control it.

Burden of Care in Caregivers of Iranian patients with chronic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Caring for patients with chronic disorders can lead to different problems for caregivers in physical, psychological, social, family, and financial domains. High levels of burden of care can make caregivers vulnerable to physical and psychological conditions and influence their quality of life. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to estimate the overall percentage of burden of care in caregivers of Iranian patients with chronic disorders. METHODS: A total of 25 articles published from inception to February 2019 were reviewed. Search for articles was conducted in international (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) and domestic (Scientific Information Database (SID) and MagIran) databases, using the following keywords: "Caregiver," "Burden," and "Iran," and their possible combinations. The data were analyzed using the meta-analysis method and the random effects model. All the analyses were performed using STATA, version 14. RESULTS: The overall percentage of burden of care in caregivers of Iranian patients with chronic disorders was 53.28% (95% CI: 46.13-60.43). The highest percentage of burden of care was related to dialysis (62.75; 95% CI: 56.11-69.38), mental disorders (58.69; 95% CI: 49.70-67.69), and Alzheimer's disease (57.07; 95% CI: 46.23-67.92), respectively; and the lowest percentage of burden of care was related to diabetes (34.92; 95% CI: 18.01-51.82). CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers of Iranian patients with chronic disorders experience high levels of burden of care, especially those caring for patients undergoing dialysis, patients with mental disorders, and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, necessary measures need to be taken by Iranian health care officials to reduce burden of care in caregivers.

Translation and Validation of the Farsi Version of the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Pain management is a complex process that is managed through a multi-disciplinary team in which nurses have a significant role. The present study aimed at translating and examining the psychometric properties of the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ) among Iranian nurses. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, methodological study conducted in 2019 among nurses working in two teaching hospitals in Sanandaj (Tohid and Kosar). The participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. Responsiveness; interpretability; and face, content, and construct validities were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In addition, internal consistency and stability were examined using the Cronbach's alpha and test-retest, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, 410 nurses (210 for the EFA and 200 for the CFA) were included in the sample. In the exploratory factor analysis, two factors of comprehensive pain assessment and pain management with eigenvalues of 6.36 and 1.91, respectively, were extracted. The two factors together explained 56.64% of the variance of nurses' pain management self-efficacy. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model had a moderate fit to the data (RMSEA: 0.12; NFI: 0.84; NNFI: 0.86; CFI: 0.88; IFI: 0.88; RFI: 0.81; GFI: 0.76; AGFI: 0.69; PGFI: 0.59; RMR: 0.09; standardized RMR: 0.09). Total questionnaire and the two factors (i.e. comprehensive pain assessment and pain management) had internal consistency coefficients of 0.891, 0.876, and 0.803, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Farsi version of PMSEQ had good internal consistency and reliability, as well as content and construct validity, and can be used in future studies.

Prevalence of celiac disease in Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at high risk for celiac disease (CD) due to the common genetic background and interaction between environmental and immunological factors. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of CD among Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes. The search for articles was conducted using the following keywords: "celiac disease," "celiac," "coeliac disease," "diabetes," "Iran," and all other possible combinations of these terms. The following databases were searched from inception to June 2019: Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects models, and the heterogeneity of results across the studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q test and quantified by the I2 statistic. Data analysis was performed by Stata version 14. A total of 14 papers were included in the meta-analysis, involving 2030 Iranian patients with T1DM. The pooled prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM was 5% (95% CI 3-7). The prevalence of CD in Tehran (4%; 95% CI 1-6) was lower than in other provinces of the country (6%; 95% CI 4-8). Meta-regression analysis showed that, with increasing sample size, the prevalence of  CD was significantly reduced (p = 0.018).Given the adverse effects of CD , such as osteoporosis and malignancy (especially lymphoma), patients with T1DM must be screened for CD .