Influência da administração de eritropoietina humana recombinante sobre o desempenho físico: estudo de revisão / Influencia de administración de eritropoyetina humana recombinante en el rendimiento físico: un estudio de revisión / Effects of administration of human recombinant erythropoietin on physical performance: study review

Objetivo. Discutir os resultados acerca dos efeitos do uso da eritropoietina humana recombinante (rHuEPO) sobre o desempenho físico, bem como relatar os efeitos adversos decorrentes desta prática, correlacionando os achados de estudos experimentais e clínicos. Métodos. Foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, no período de 1985‐2013, utilizando as seguintes palavras‐chaves: eritropoietina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Resultados. Todos os estudos (n = 10) encontraram melhora nas variáveis de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) e tempo de exaustão em humanos, utilizando diferentes protocolos de dosagens, que podem variar de 50‐60 UI/kg nas primeiras semanas, com redução ao longo do tratamento. Dentre as reações adversas mais frequentes estão os acidentes trombovasculares, deficiência de ferro e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Conclusão. O tratamento com rHuEPO em diferentes doses e períodos pode potencializar o desempenho físico de humanos, em virtude dos diferentes efeitos gerados, incluindo aumento no transporte de O2, redução das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo, aumento das concentrações de ácidos graxos livres no sangue e do glicogênio muscular (AU)

Objetivo. Discutir los resultados relativos a los efectos del uso de la eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rHuEPO), sobre el rendimiento físico, así como los efectos adversos de su uso, así como la relación de los resultados de estudios experimentales y clínicos. Métodos. Se seleccionaron los artículos científicos publicados en revistas incluidas en PubMed y SciELO, en el período de 1985‐2013, usando las siguientes palabras clave: eritropoietina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Resultados. Todos los artículos (n = 10), en relación con la influencia del tratamiento con rHuEPO en el rendimiento deportivo, mostraron una mejoría en las variables de consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) y el tiempo hasta el agotamiento en seres humanos, utilizando diferentes protocolos de dosis, que oscilan desde 50‐60 UI/kg en las primeras semanas con reducción progresiva durante el tratamiento. Entre los efectos adversos más frecuentes se encuentran los accidentes vasculares trombóticos, la ferropenia y la hipertensión arterial. Conclusión. El tratamiento con dosis de rHuEPO y en diferentes períodos puede mejorar el rendimiento físico en los seres humanos, debido a los diferentes efectos generados, incluyendo el aumento del transporte de O2, la reducción de las concentraciones de lactato en sangre, aumento de las concentraciones de ácidos grasos libres en la sangre y glucógeno muscular (AU)

Objective. Discuss the influence of rHuEPO on physical performance, as well as the adverse effects of this practice, exposing results from experimental and clinical studies. Methods. Were selected articles published in the basis, PubMed and SciELO databases, in the period 1985‐2013, using the following keywords eritropoetina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Results. All articles (n = 10) related to the influence of treatment with rHuEPO on sports performance, found improvement in the variables of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion in humans, using different protocols dosages between 50 to 60 IU/kg during the first weeks with reduced throughout treatment. Among the most common adverse effects are the thrombovascular accidents, iron deficiency and hypertension. Conclusion. Treatment with rHuEPO doses and at different periods, can enhance physical performance in humans, because of the different generated effects, including increased O2 transport, reduction of blood lactate concentrations, increased concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood and muscle glycogen (AU)

Study of relationship between osteoarthritis, postural changes and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women / Estudios de la relación entre osteoartritis, las alteraciones posturales y osteoporosis en mujeres posmenopáusicas

Objectives. To verify the relationship between postural changes, osteoarthritis, and bone mineral density in women with osteoporosis in a research group of participants in this area. Methods. Seventy four Brazilian women aged 50 years or older with osteoporosis sent to Clinical Hospital were assessed. After anamnesis the subjects were evaluated in posture with a postural framework. The experimental protocol consisted of two groups: control group (without postural changes) and study group (with postural changes). Results. The age average in the study group was greater than in the control group. In the joint changes, 65 subjects showed osteoarthritis in some part of the body. In the whole group assessed, 19 showed change in posture and all of them have osteoarthritis too. Conclusion. This research showed that posture changes are direct relationship with advanced age. It concluded that posture assessment is essential to prescribe the most objective and efficient exercise program, with understanding of the biomechanical incidence forces, but not forgetting to strengthen the muscles to maintain the corporal posture(AU)

Objetivos. Verificar la relación entre los cambios posturales, la osteoartritis y la densidad mineral ósea en mujeres con osteoporosis en un grupo de investigación de los participantes en esta área. Métodos. Se evaluó a setenta y cuatro mujeres brasileñas de 50 años o mayores con osteoporosis en el Hospital Clínico. Después de anamnesis las mujeres fueron evaluadas respecto a la postura con una cuadrícula postural. El protocolo experimental consistió en dos grupos: grupo control (sin cambios posturales) y el grupo de estudio (con los cambios posturales). Resultados. El promedio de edad en el grupo de estudio fue mayor que en el grupo control. En los cambios en las articulaciones, 65 mujeres mostraron osteoartritis en alguna parte del cuerpo. En todo el grupo evaluado, 19 mostraron un cambio en la postura y todas ellas tenían osteoartritis también. Conclusión. Esta investigación mostró que los cambios posturales tienen relación directa con la edad avanzada. Concluye que la evaluación de la postura es esencial para prescribir el programa de ejercicios más objetivo y eficiente, con la comprensión de las fuerzas biomecánicas de incidencia, pero sin olvidar fortalecer los músculos para mantener la postura corporal(AU)

Conservação e fisiologia pós-colheita de folhas de Capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus L. ) / Conservation and postharvest physiology of leaves Capuchin (Tropaeolum majus L. )

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a vida útil pós-colheita de folhas de Capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus L.) embaladas com filme PVC de baixa densidade e proteínas nas concentrações de 1, 3 e 5 por cento. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica do Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) Areia - PB. As folhas de Capuchinha colhidas no CCA foram levadas imediatamente ao Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica, para pré-seleção, desinfestação em água clorada contendo 100mg.L-1 de cloro ativo, e seca à temperatura ambiente. Após o controle fitossanitário, as folhas foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: solução de proteína nas concentrações de 1, 3 e 5 por cento, filme PVC de baixa densidade e a testemunha sem recobrimento. As folhas foram armazenadas durante cinco dias em temperatura média de 26 - 29ºC e umidade relativa média de 59,5 - 71,5 por cento e outra parte foi armazenada em câmara fria com temperatura média de 12 ± 0,5 ºC e umidade relativa média de 95 ± 3 por cento. Durante o período de armazenamento as folhas foram avaliadas quanto à perda de massa fresca, determinação de ácido ascórbico, sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. O armazenamento durante quatro dias sob refrigeração a temperatura média de 12 ± 0,5ºC associada ao recobrimento com filme PVC mostrou melhores resultados na conservação da vida útil pós-colheita das folhas de Capuchinha.

This study aimed to evaluate the shelf-life of Capuchin sheets (Tropaeolum majus L.) packed with plastic wrap and low density proteins at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 percent. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica and the Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) Areia - PB. Capuchin leaves harvested in the CCA were taken immediately to the Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica, for pre-screening, disinfection in chlorinated water containing 100mg.L-1 of active chlorine, and dried at room temperature. After spraying, the leaves were treated as follows: protein solution at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 percent, low density plastic wrap and uncoated witness. The leaves were stored for five days in average temperature from 26 to 29ºC and relative humidity from 59.5 to 71.5 percent and another part was stored in cold with average temperature of 12 ± 0.5ºC and relative humidity of 95 ± 3 percent. During the storage period the leaves were evaluated for weight loss, determination of ascorbic acid, soluble solids and titratable acidity. Storage for four days under refrigeration at an average temperature of 12 ± 0.5ºC associated with PVC film coating showed better results in the conservation of shelf-life of Capuchin sheets.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Blutaparon portulacoides ethanolic extract against the inflammatory reaction induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom and isolated myotoxins BthTX-I and II

This article reports the anti-inflammatory effect of Blutaparon portulacoides (B. portulacoides), specifically the ethanolic extract of its aerial parts, on the edema formation and leukocyte influx caused by Bothrops jararacussu (B. jararacussu) snake venom and Bothropstoxin-I and II (BthTX-I and II) isolated from this venom as an alternative treatment for Bothrops snakebites. The anti-inflammatory effect of B. portulacoides ethanolic extract was compared with an animal group pretreated with dexamethasone. B. portulacoides ethanolic extract significantly inhibited paw edema induced by B. jararacussu venom and by BthTX-I and II. Also, results demonstrated that the extract caused a reduction of the leukocyte influx induced by BthTX-I. However, the extract was not capable of inhibiting the leukocyte influx induced by the venom and by BthTX-II. In conclusion, these results suggest that the ethanolic extract of this plant possess components able to inhibit or inactivate toxins present in B. jararacussu venom, including its myotoxins, responsible for the edema formation. However, the leukocyte migration caused by the venom and BthTX-II was not inhibited by the plant, probably due to the different mechanisms involved in the edema formation and leukocyte influx. This is the first report of B. portulacoides extract as anti-inflammatory against snake venoms and isolated toxins.(AU)

Acute hepatotoxicity of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom in rats

Venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt), presents myotoxic and neurotoxic outcomes, but reports on its effects on the liver are scarce. This study examined the hepatotoxicity resulting from Cdt venom administration (100, 200 and 300 miug/kg) in male Wistar rats. Animais were studies at 3, 9 and 12 hours after venom injection. The hepatotoxicity was assessed through serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirrubin and also by histopathological evaluation. All the different concentrations of Cdt venom resulted in increased levels of hepatic enzymes, when compared with the control group, except for the 100 miug/kg dose, which presented normal levels at 9 and 12 hours after venom administration. Bilirrubin levels remained unchanged by Cdt venom. Histological analysis revealed endothelial damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as sinusoidal and portal congestion. Based on these observations, we may conclude that Cdt venom causes dose- and time-dependent hepatic damage in rats, characterized by elevated hepatic enzyme levels and histological alterations

Avaliaçäo do comportamento sexual de touros pelo teste de capacidade de serviço / Evaluation of sexual behavior of bulls by the test of service capacity

Com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de serviço de touros submetidos a monta natural, foram realizados testes de curral de 20 minutos em 177 touros, de 10 propriedades. As freqüências de touros de alta, média e baixa capacidade de serviço foram, respectivamente, de 42,4%, 31,1% e 24,3%. Houve ampla variaçäo no n§ de serviços realizados pelos touros (0 a 10 serviços) e diferentes freqüências de touros de baixa capacidade de serviço nas 10 propriedades estudadas. Pode-se concluir que a capacidade de serviço apresenta ampla variaçäo entre os indivíduos, tendo uma freqüência elevada de touros de baixa capacidade de serviço utilizados em reproduçäo.

Bioequivalence evaluation of two roxithromycin formulations in healthy human volunteers by high performance liquid cromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

The bioequivalence of two different formulations containing roxithromycin (SPE-712-1). Oral suspension 300mg/ 15mL as test formulation and Rotram©, tablets 300mg as reference formulation, both by Schering Plough S.A., Brazil) was evaluated in 24 healthy volunteers of both sexes (12 male and 12 female). The study was conducted open with randomized two-period crossover design and a 14-day washout period. Each subject received 300 mg of each roxithromycin formulation. Plasma samples were obtained over a 72-hour interval and roxithromycin concentrations were analyzed by combined LC-MS/MS with positive ion electrospray ionization using selected ion monitoring method. From the plasma roxithromycin concentration vs time curves the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: AUC(0-72h), AUC(0-oo), Cmax,t1/2 ratios and tmax individual differences. The 90 percent for confidence interval (CI) of geometric mean SPE-712-L/ Rotram© individual percent ratio were 105.0-128,3 percent for AUC(0-72h), and 78.4-96.9 for Cmax. Although this 90 percent Cl were marginally outside the interval proposed by the Food and Drug Administration, the probability assessed by the two-one sided West for ratios was included in the 0.8-1.25 interval, as we concluded that SPE-712-L oral suspension formulation was bioequivalent to Rotram tablet formulation for the extent and rate of absorption.