Orthogonal-array dynamic molecular sieving of propylene/propane mixtures.

Rigid molecular sieving materials work well for small molecules with the complete exclusion of large ones1-3, and molecules with matching physiochemical properties may be separated using dynamic molecular sieving materials4-6. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)7-9 are known for their precise control of structures and functions on a molecular level10-15. However, the rational design of local flexibility in the MOF framework for dynamic molecular sieving remains difficult and challenging. Here we report a MOF material (JNU-3a) featuring one-dimension channels with embedded molecular pockets opening to propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) at substantially different pressures. The dynamic nature of the pockets is revealed by single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation upon exposure of JNU-3a to an atmosphere of C3H6 or C3H8. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that JNU-3a can realize high-purity C3H6 (≥99.5%) in a single adsorption-desorption cycle from an equimolar C3H6/C3H8 mixture over a broad range of flow rates, with a maximum C3H6 productivity of 53.5 litres per kilogram. The underlying separation mechanism-orthogonal-array dynamic molecular sieving-enables both large separation capacity and fast adsorption-desorption kinetics. This work presents a next-generation sieving material design that has potential for applications in adsorptive separation.

ASPIRER: a new computational approach for identifying non-classical secreted proteins based on deep learning.

Protein secretion has a pivotal role in many biological processes and is particularly important for intercellular communication, from the cytoplasm to the host or external environment. Gram-positive bacteria can secrete proteins through multiple secretion pathways. The non-classical secretion pathway has recently received increasing attention among these secretion pathways, but its exact mechanism remains unclear. Non-classical secreted proteins (NCSPs) are a class of secreted proteins lacking signal peptides and motifs. Several NCSP predictors have been proposed to identify NCSPs and most of them employed the whole amino acid sequence of NCSPs to construct the model. However, the sequence length of different proteins varies greatly. In addition, not all regions of the protein are equally important and some local regions are not relevant to the secretion. The functional regions of the protein, particularly in the N- and C-terminal regions, contain important determinants for secretion. In this study, we propose a new hybrid deep learning-based framework, referred to as ASPIRER, which improves the prediction of NCSPs from amino acid sequences. More specifically, it combines a whole sequence-based XGBoost model and an N-terminal sequence-based convolutional neural network model; 5-fold cross-validation and independent tests demonstrate that ASPIRER achieves superior performance than existing state-of-the-art approaches. The source code and curated datasets of ASPIRER are publicly available at https://github.com/yanwu20/ASPIRER/. ASPIRER is anticipated to be a useful tool for improved prediction of novel putative NCSPs from sequences information and prioritization of candidate proteins for follow-up experimental validation.

Dehydration-Induced Cluster Consolidation in a Metal-Organic Framework for Sieving Hexane Isomers.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that exhibit dynamic phase-transition behavior under external stimuli could have great potential in adsorptive separations. Here we report on a zinc-based microporous MOF (JNU-80) and its reversible transformation between two crystalline phases: large pore (JNU-80-LP) and narrow pore (JNU-80-NP). Specifically, JNU-80-LP can undergo a dehydration-induced cluster consolidation under heat treatment, resulting in JNU-80-NP with a reduced channel that allows exclusion of di-branched hexane isomers while high adsorption of linear and mono-branched hexane isomers. We further demonstrate the fabrication of MOF-polymer composite (JNU-80-NP-block) and its application in the purification of di-branched isomers from liquid-phase hexane mixtures (98 % di-branched) at room temperature, affording the di-branched hexane isomers with 99.5 % purity and close to 90 % recovery rate over ten cycles. This work illustrates an interesting dehydration-induced cluster consolidation in MOF structure and the ensuing channel shrinkage for sieving di-branched hexane isomers, which may have important implications for the development of MOFs with dynamic behavior and their potential applications in non-thermal driven separation technologies.

Molecular Engineering of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

The development of novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen is particularly interesting, yet remains a challenge. Herein, we have prepared four cyclic trinuclear units (CTUs) based MOFs, exhibiting good light absorption ability and suitable bandgaps for photosynthesis of H2O2. However, Cu-CTU-based MOFs are not able to photocatalyzed the formation of H2O2, while the alteration of metal nodes from Cu-CTU to Ag-CTU dramatically enhances the photocatalytic performance for H2O2production and the production rates can reach as high as 17476 µmol g-1 h-1 with an apparent quantum yield of 9.51%, at 420 nm, which is much higher than most reported MOFs. The photocatalytic mechanism is comprehensively studied by combining the isotope labeling experiments and DFT calculation. This study provides new insights into the preparation of MOF photocatalysts with high activity for H2O2 production through molecular engineering.

Gold(I)-Organic Frameworks as Catalysts for Carboxylation of Alkynes with CO2.

Construction of gold-based metal-organic frameworks (Au-MOFs) would bring the merits of gold chemistry into MOFs. However, it still remains challenging because gold cations are easily reduced to metallic gold under solvothermal conditions. Herein, we present the first example of Au-MOFs prepared from the networking of cyclic trinuclear gold(I) complexes by formal transimination reaction in a rapid (<15 min) and scalable (up to 1 g) fashion under ambient condition. The Au-MOFs feature uniform porosity, high crystallinity, and superior chemical stability toward base (i.e., 20 M NaOH). With open Au(I) sites in the skeleton, the Au-MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts delivered good performance and substrate tolerance for the carboxylation reactions of alkynes with CO2. This work demonstrates a facile approach to reticularly synthesize Au-MOFs by combining the coordination and dynamic covalent chemistry.

Whole-genome sequencing and gene sharing network analysis powered by machine learning identifies antibiotic resistance sharing between animals, humans and environment in livestock farming.

Anthropogenic environments such as those created by intensive farming of livestock, have been proposed to provide ideal selection pressure for the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and spread to humans. Here, we performed a longitudinal study in a large-scale commercial poultry farm in China, collecting E. coli isolates from both farm and slaughterhouse; targeting animals, carcasses, workers and their households and environment. By using whole-genome phylogenetic analysis and network analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we found highly interrelated non-pathogenic and pathogenic E. coli strains with phylogenetic intermixing, and a high prevalence of shared multidrug resistance profiles amongst livestock, human and environment. Through an original data processing pipeline which combines omics, machine learning, gene sharing network and mobile genetic elements analysis, we investigated the resistance to 26 different antimicrobials and identified 361 genes associated to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes; 58 of these were known AMR-associated genes and 35 were associated to multidrug resistance. We uncovered an extensive network of genes, correlated to AMR phenotypes, shared among livestock, humans, farm and slaughterhouse environments. We also found several human, livestock and environmental isolates sharing closely related mobile genetic elements carrying ARGs across host species and environments. In a scenario where no consensus exists on how antibiotic use in the livestock may affect antibiotic resistance in the human population, our findings provide novel insights into the broader epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in livestock farming. Moreover, our original data analysis method has the potential to uncover AMR transmission pathways when applied to the study of other pathogens active in other anthropogenic environments characterised by complex interconnections between host species.

Spin-Crossover Behaviors of Iron(II) Complexes Bearing Halogen Ligands in Solid State and Solution.

Numerous Fe(II) spin-crossover (SCO) compounds have been developed in the past decades, while the reports on the SCO materials with halogen atoms acting as coordinating ligands remain rare. In this study, we synthesize three iron(II) halide complexes with a general formula of [FeII(Py5Me2)X]+ (Py5Me2 = 2,6-bis[1,1-bis(2-pyridyl)ethyl]pyridine, X = Cl- or Br-) that undergo complete SCO transitions at near room temperature. The SCO properties of these compounds are investigated in detail by magnetic measurements, variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffractions, and Mössbauer spectra analyses. Because of the good stability of the coordination structures and suitable ligand-field strength, these compounds show robust spin transitions in both solid state and solution.

Magnetic and Dielectric Switchings Actuated by the Rotation of the Picoline Ligand in an Iron-Based Dinuclear Phase-Transition Complex.

Multifunctional materials with switchable magnetic and dielectric properties are crucial for the development of memory and sensor devices. Herein, we report a methoxy-bridged dinuclear iron-pyridyl complex [Fe2(4-picoline)4(NCS)4(µ-OCH3)2] (1), which shows simultaneous thermal-induced magnetic and dielectric switchings. Within the phase-transition temperature range, both magnetic switching and the dielectric anomaly were detected, in which the thermal hysteresis loops were 23 and 21 K, respectively. Detailed structural analyses revealed that these simultaneous switchings were rooted in the flexible rotatable ligands, which were actuated by readjusting the π-π intermolecular interactions between the pyridine ligands in the trans positions of the metal centers. These results were comprehensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically. This study presents a new guideline to control both the magnetic and dielectric properties of molecular complexes by external stimuli.

The transcriptomic responses of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) to acute hypoxia stress alone, and in combination with bortezomib.

BACKGROUND: Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is sensitive to hypoxia. A new blunt snout bream strain, "Pujiang No.2", was developed to overcome this shortcoming. As a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (PS-341) has been shown to affect the adaptation of cells to a hypoxic environment. In the present study, bortezomib was used to explore the hypoxia adaptation mechanism of "Pujiang No.2". We examined how acute hypoxia alone (hypoxia-treated, HN: 1.0 mg·L- 1), and in combination with bortezomib (hypoxia-bortezomib-treated, HB: Use 1 mg bortezomib for 1 kg fish), impacted the hepatic ultrastructure and transcriptome expression compared to control fish (normoxia-treated, NN). RESULTS: Hypoxia tolerance was significantly decreased in the bortezomib-treated group (LOEcrit, loss of equilibrium, 1.11 mg·L- 1 and 1.32 mg·L- 1) compared to the control group (LOEcrit, 0.73 mg·L- 1 and 0.85 mg·L- 1). The HB group had more severe liver injury than the HN group. Specifically, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the HB group (52.16 U/gprot, 32 U/gprot) were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in the HN group (32.85 U/gprot, 21. 68 U/gprot). In addition, more severe liver damage such as vacuoles, nuclear atrophy, and nuclear lysis were observed in the HB group. RNA-seq was performed on livers from the HN, HB and NN groups. KEGG pathway analysis disclosed that many DEGs (differently expressed genes) were enriched in the HIF-1, FOXO, MAPK, PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathway and their downstream. CONCLUSION: We explored the adaptation mechanism of "Pujiang No.2" to hypoxia stress by using bortezomib, and combined with transcriptome analysis, accurately captured the genes related to hypoxia tolerance advantage.

Ultrathin Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets Exhibiting Exceptional Catalytic Activity.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework nanosheets (MONs) or membranes are classes of periodic, crystalline polymeric materials that may show unprecedented physicochemical properties due to their modular structures, high surface areas, and high aspect ratios. Yet preparing 2D MONs from multiple components and two different types of polymerization reaction remains challenging and less explored. Here, we report the synthesis of MOF films via interfacial polymerization, which involves three active monomers for simultaneous polycondensation and polycoordination taking place in a confined interface. The well-defined lamellar structure of the MOF films allowed feasible and scalable exfoliation to produce free-standing 2D MONs with high aspect ratio up to 2000:1 and ultrathin thickness (∼1.7 nm). The pore structure was revealed by high-resolution TEM images with near-atomic precision. The imide-linkage of MONs provided superior thermal (up to 530 °C) and good chemical stability in the pH range from 3 to 12. More importantly, the MONs exhibited exceptional catalytic activity and superior reusability for the hydroboration reactions of alkynes, in which the turnover frequency (TOF) reached 41734 h-1, which is 2-4 orders of magnitude greater than that reported for homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.

Cyclic Trinuclear Copper(I) Complex Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission: A Novel Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of Gold(III) Ions.

Coordination complexes with aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) behavior has drawn much attention because of their promising applications. Conventionally, the AIE-active metal-organic complexes are prepared from an AIE-active organic ligand, and the construction of such coordination complexes from aggregation-caused-quenching (ACQ) ligands is still challenging. Herein, we have synthesized two new cyclic trinuclear complexes (CTCs), namely, 1 and 2, from copper(I) and silver(I) and a ACQ ligand [4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzaldehyde, HL]. (1) exhibited AIE behavior, and the emission intensity is enhanced ∼20 times when it aggregates, which can be attributed to its tight packing and multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds that restrained the intramolecular rotation, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. On the other hand, (2) displayed ACQ effects, and the emission intensity is decreased ∼5 times when it aggregates. This ACQ behavior of 2 is related to its loose packing and free rotation of the ligand in crystals, resulting in nonradiative decay and fluorescence quenching. Interestingly, the CTCs 1 and 2 both exhibited a good affinity to gold(III) ions, allowing selective detection and sensing of gold ions. More importantly, the 2 shows a good limit of detection (3.28 µmol/L) and an ultrafast responsive time (∼2 s). Our studies pave a new route to designing novel AIE-active coordination complexes and further exploring the functionality of CTCs.

Iron(II) Metal-Organic Framework with unh Topology and Tetrazole-Padded Helical Channels.

A unique metal-organic framework (MOF) with tetrazole-padded helical channels has been successfully synthesized in one pot from iron(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, 4-formylimidazole, hydrazine, and sodium azide under solvothermal conditions and features a rare unh topology and porous structure for gas adsorption. Transformations of condensation, cycloaddition, and coordination occurred during the synthetic process, in which a 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole ligand was formed in situ.

Capturing Lacunary Iron-Oxo Keggin Clusters and Insight Into the Keggin-Fe13 Cluster Rotational Isomerization.

The formation mechanism of ferrihydrite is the key to understand its treatment of pollutants in waste water and purification of surface water and groundwater. Although emerging evidence suggests that formation of the ferrihydrite occurs through the aggregation of prenucleation clusters, rather than classical atom-by-atom growth, its formation mechanism remains unclear. Herein, an iron-oxo anionic cluster of [Fe22 (µ4 -O)8 (µ3 -OH)20 (µ2 -OH)18 (CH3 COO)16 (H2 O)2 ]4- viewed as a dimer of bivacant ß-Keggin-Fe13 clusters was for the first time obtained by using lanthanide ions as stabilizers. Upon dissolution in a mixed solution of isopropanol and water, the lacunary ß-Keggin-Fe13 cluster can transform into an α-Keggin-Fe13 cluster, distinctly demonstrating that the Keggin-Fe13 cluster rotational isomerization can be realized through the vacant Keggin-Fe13 cluster.

Translocator protein 18 kDa: a potential therapeutic biomarker for post traumatic stress disorder.

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is widely regarded as a stress-related and trauma disorder. The symptoms of PTSD are characterized as a spectrum of vulnerabilities after the exposure to an extremely traumatic stressor. Considering as one of complex mental disorders, little progress has been made toward its diagnostic biomarkers, despite the involvement of PTSD has been studied. Many studies into the underlying neurobiology of PTSD implicated the dysfunction of neurosteroids biosynthesis and neuorinflammatory processes. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been considered as one of the promising therapeutic biomarkers for neurological stress disorders (like PTSD, depression, anxiety, et al) without the benzodiazepine-like side effects. This protein participates in the formation of neurosteroids and modulation of neuroinflammation. The review outlines current knowledge involving the role of TSPO in the neuropathology of PTSD and the anti-PTSD-like effects of TSPO ligands.

Horizon Thermodynamics in D-Dimensional f(R) Black Hole.

We consider whether the new horizon-first law works in higher-dimensional f(R) theory. We firstly obtain the general formulas to calculate the entropy and the energy of a general spherically-symmetric black hole in D-dimensional f(R) theory. For applications, we compute the entropies and the energies of some black hokes in some interesting higher-dimensional f(R) theories.

Teaching practice in human genetics integrated into general education.

General education is an important part in higher education, which emphasizes the educational idea of integration of generality with specialty, and practices people-oriented education concept. However, there are some difficulties and puzzles in general education. Now the general education system with Chinese characteristics is needed to be established through practice and development. In this paper, we enumerate how to integrate knowledge of human genetics in practice of general education, teaching cases, and relevant analysis with concepts of general education. Using questions as "what are human beings?" as a leverage, we introduce teaching contents closely related to daily life. For example, we explain the past, present and future of human beings through contemporary evolutionary genomics teaching. In addition, we introduce problem-based deep thinking for students, thus integrating classical attributes of human beings into general education.

Angiotensinogen in hepatocytes contributes to Western diet-induced liver steatosis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a liver manifestation of metabolic disorders. Previous studies indicate that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a complex role in NAFLD. As the only precursor of the RAS, decreased angiotensinogen (AGT) profoundly impacts RAS bioactivity. Here, we investigated the role of hepatocyte-derived AGT in liver steatosis. AGT floxed mice (hepAGT+/+) and hepatocyte-specific AGT-deficient mice (hepAGT-/-) were fed a Western diet and a normal laboratory diet for 12 weeks, respectively. Compared with hepAGT+/+ mice, Western diet-fed hepAGT-/- mice gained less body weight with improved insulin sensitivity. The attenuated severity of liver steatosis in hepAGT-/- mice was evidenced by histologic changes and reduced intrahepatic triglycerides. The abundance of SREBP1 and its downstream molecules, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and FASN, was suppressed in hepAGT-/- mice. Furthermore, serum derived from hepAGT+/+ mice stimulated hepatocyte SREBP1 expression, which could be diminished by protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in vitro. Administration of losartan did not affect diet-induced body weight gain, liver steatosis severity, and hepatic p-Akt, p-mTOR, and SREBP1 protein abundance in hepAGT+/+ mice. These data suggest that attenuation of Western diet-induced liver steatosis in hepAGT-/- mice is associated with the alternation of the Akt/mTOR/SREBP-1c pathway.

Deep learning for pollen allergy surveillance from twitter in Australia.

BACKGROUND: The paper introduces a deep learning-based approach for real-time detection and insights generation about one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in Australia - Pollen allergy. The popular social media platform is used for data collection as cost-effective and unobtrusive alternative for public health monitoring to complement the traditional survey-based approaches. METHODS: The data was extracted from Twitter based on pre-defined keywords (i.e. 'hayfever' OR 'hay fever') throughout the period of 6 months, covering the high pollen season in Australia. The following deep learning architectures were adopted in the experiments: CNN, RNN, LSTM and GRU. Both default (GloVe) and domain-specific (HF) word embeddings were used in training the classifiers. Standard evaluation metrics (i.e. Accuracy, Precision and Recall) were calculated for the results validation. Finally, visual correlation with weather variables was performed. RESULTS: The neural networks-based approach was able to correctly identify the implicit mentions of the symptoms and treatments, even unseen previously (accuracy up to 87.9% for GRU with GloVe embeddings of 300 dimensions). CONCLUSIONS: The system addresses the shortcomings of the conventional machine learning techniques with manual feature-engineering that prove limiting when exposed to a wide range of non-standard expressions relating to medical concepts. The case-study presented demonstrates an application of 'black-box' approach to the real-world problem, along with its internal workings demonstration towards more transparent, interpretable and reproducible decision-making in health informatics domain.

[Correlation between fractional exhaled nitric oxide and airway reversibility in children with IgE-mediated asthma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and airway reversibility in children with IgE-mediated asthma. METHODS: A total of 86 children, aged 6-14 years, who were initially diagnosed with acute attack of asthma from September 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled as subjects. According to the results of serum specific IgE, they were divided into IgE mediated group with 61 children and non-IgE mediated group with 25 children. According to the results of allergen detection, the IgE mediated group was further divided into four groups with one, two, three, and four or more positive allergens. FeNO and the parameters of pulmonary ventilation function before and after dilation test were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of FeNO with each parameter of pulmonary function. RESULTS: The IgE mediated group had significantly higher FeNO than the non-IgE mediated group (P<0.05). FeNO increased with the increase in the number of positive serum specific allergens (P<0.05). In the IgE mediated group, FeNO level was positively correlated with the change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the improvement in percentage of predicted FEV1 after medication in bronchial dilation test (r=0.655 and 0.473 respectively, P<0.05). The FeNO level was not correlated with FEV1, percentage of predicted FEV1, peak expiratory flow (PEF), change in PEF after medication, percentage of predicted PEF (PEF%pred), and improvement in PEF%pred after medication (P>0.05). In the non-IgE mediated group, FeNO level was not correlated with the above indicators (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FeNO level is associated with the degree of allergies. For children with IgE-mediated asthma, FeNO is positively correlated with airway reversibility, which has a certain value in the diagnosis of asthma, disease evaluation, and understanding of airway reversibility. For children with non-IgE-mediated asthma, FeNO cannot be used to evaluate airway reversibility. These two types of asthma should be treated differently.

[Immunoregulatory Effect of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients].

Objective To investigate the effect of adipose mesenchymal stem cells(AMSCs) on the peripheral blood lymphocyte(PBL) in psoriasis vulgaris(PV) patients and the expression and secretion profiles of related inflammatory cytokines in the PBL.Methods AMSCs from three PV patients were co-cultured with PBL. Peripheral blood regulatory cells(Treg) and T helper cell 17(Th17)ratio was measured by flow cytometry. The anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressed and secreted by PBL were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The Treg/total lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in the healthy people AMSCs+PBL co-culture group[(3.2±0.5)%;P=0.001],but AMSCs in patients had a tendency to promote the proliferation of Treg cells [(1.3±0.2)%],with no significant difference(P=0.485) when compared with the PBL culture alone group[(1.0±0.1)%]. qRT-PCR showed that the ability of PBL in expressing Treg transcription factor forkhead box p3 and transforming growth factor(TGF)-Β mRNA was significantly lower in psoriasis AMSCs+PBL co-culture group than in the healthy people AMSCs+PBL co-culture group(P=0.00,P=0.03),AMSCs had a tendency to promote the expression of interlukin(IL)-10 in peripheral blood lymphocytes,but there was no significant difference(P=0.09).ELISA showed the PBL in healthy people AMSCs+PBL co-culture group secreted the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10[(156.9±41.8) ng/Μl] and TGF-Β[(2774.1 ± 526.4) ng/Μl];in contrast,the abilities of PBL in PV patient AMSCs+PBL co-culture group in secreting the anti-inflammatory cytokines has a downward trend:IL-10[(90.4±28.8) ng/Μl] and TGF-Β[(1597.9±55.7) ng/Μl],although the differences were not statistically significant. After the co-culture,the proportion of Th17 cells in the psoriasis AMSCs+PBL co-culture group[(0.8±0.3)%] showed a decreasing trend when compared with the PBL culture alone group[(1.1±0.1)%],although the results were not statistically significant. Also,the proportion of Th17 cells showed no significant difference between PV patient AMSCs+PBL co-culture group and healthy people AMSCs+PBL co-culture group. Finally,both the psoriasis AMSCs+PBL co-culture group and the healthy people AMSCs+PBL co-culture group showed no obvious inhibitory effect on the expression and secretion of Th17 transcription factor retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor Γt and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-23 in PBL,and there was no significant difference between these two groups.Conclusions AMSCs in PV patients have decreased ability in regulating the anti-inflammatory function of peripheral blood Treg lymphocytes. However,they have no effect on the proinflammatory effect of peripheral blood Th17 lymphocytes.