RESUMEN
In this paper, an integrated SiO2/Fe2O3/Fe anode is fabricated by straightforward laser ablation of the surface of Fe foil in air. The oxidized surface is subsequently coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and transformed into a SiO2 layer through a calcination process in an argon atmosphere. The surface oxidation is traced by on-line optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnosis. With high electron temperature (â¼5200 K) in the laser irradiation zone, the nanostructured Fe2O3 layer is formed on the Fe foil, resulting in the pristine Fe2O3/Fe anode. This greatly simplified procedure with respect to the conventional route allows direct connection between the Fe2O3 layer and the Fe substrate (current collector) without any binder or conductive agent. In addition, the SiO2 coating layer greatly improves the cycling stability due to the compensatory contribution to capacity during the cycling process and its compatible elasticity to accommodate the volume expansion of Fe2O3, which is verified by first-principles theoretical calculations. The integrated SiO2/Fe2O3/Fe anode delivers a stable capacity of 651.7 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 after 100 cycles. This strategy offers a low-cost route for the rapid fabrication of integrated electrodes, broadening their applications in high cycling-stability LIBs.
RESUMEN
MERSI is the keystone payload of FengYun-3 and there have been two sensors operating on-orbit since 2008. The on-orbit response changes obviously at reflective solar bands (RSBs) and must be effectively monitored and corrected. However MERSI can not realize the RSBs onboard absolute radiometric calibration. This paper presents a new vicarious calibration (VC) method for RSBs based on in-situ BRDF model, and vector radiometric transfer model 6SV with gaseous absorption correction using MOTRAN. The results of synchronous VC experiments in 4 years show that the calibration uncertainties are within 5% except for band at the center of water vapor absorption, and 3% for most bands. Aqua MODIS was taken as the radiometric reference to evaluate the accuracy of this VC method. By comparison of the simulated radiation at top of atmosphere (TOA) with MODIS measurement, it was revealed that the average relative differences are within 3% for window bands with wavelengths less than 1 microm, and 5% for bands with wavelengths larger than 1 microm (except for band 7 at 2.1 microm). Besides, the synchronous nadir observation cross analysis shows the excellent agreement between re-calibrated MERSI TOA apparent reflectance and MODIS measurements. Based on the multi-year site calibration results, it was found that the calibration coefficients could be fitted with two-order polynomials, thus the daily calibration updates could be realized and the response variation between two calibration experiments could be corrected timely; there are large response changes at bands with wavelengths less than 0.6 microm, the degradation rate of the first year at band 8 (0.41 microm) is about 14%; the on-orbit response degradation is maximum at the beginning, the degradation rates slow down after one year in operation, and after two years the responses even increase at some band with wavelengths larger than 0.6 microm.
RESUMEN
Remote sensors' channel spectral response function (SRF) was one of the key factors to influence the quantitative products' inversion algorithm, accuracy and the geophysical characteristics. Aiming at the adjustments of FY-2E's split window channels' SRF, detailed comparisons between the FY-2E and FY-2C corresponding channels' SRF differences were carried out based on three data collections: the NOAA AVHRR corresponding channels' calibration look up tables, field measured water surface radiance and atmospheric profiles at Lake Qinghai and radiance calculated from the PLANK function within all dynamic range of FY-2E/C. The results showed that the adjustments of FY-2E's split window channels' SRF would result in the spectral range's movements and influence the inversion algorithms of some ground quantitative products. On the other hand, these adjustments of FY-2E SRFs would increase the brightness temperature differences between FY-2E's two split window channels within all dynamic range relative to FY-2C's. This would improve the inversion ability of FY-2E's split window channels.
RESUMEN
Gobi surface emissivity spectrum of Dunhuang radiometric calibration site of China is one of the key factors to calibrate the thermal infrared remote sensors using land surface. Based on the iterative spectrally smooth temperature/emissivity separation (ISSTES)algorithm, Dunhuang Gobi surface emissivity spectrum was measured using BOMEM MR154 Fourier transform spectroradiometer and Infrared Golden Board. Emissivity spectrum data were obtained at different time and locations. These spectrum data were convolved with the channel response function of CE312 radiometer and compared with the channel emissivity measured by the same instrument. The results showed that the difference between these two kinds of channel emissivity was within 0.012 and exhibited a good consistency. With these measured emissivity spectra, all of the mainstream thermal infrared remote sensors can be calibrated using Dunhuang Gobi surface at radiometric calibration site of China.
RESUMEN
Chinese MODIS onboard ShenZhou-3 spacecraft (SZ-3/CMODIS)is the experiment instrument of next generation environmental and meteorological satellites. CMODIS can obtain the data of 30 bands in visible and near infrared region from the earth-atmosphere system. But the quantitative application of these data is limited by radiometric calibration The present paper addresses a new concept of semi-synchronous measurements with satellite observation based on the traditional sites vicarious calibration It can meet the expected calibration requirement under the condition of no enough ground measurements. In addition to this, the reflectance of Dunhuang Calibration site is very smooth on the Vis-NIR spectral region A new cross-calibration was also conducted experimentally using the spectral interpolation of atmospheric correction reflectance from EOS/MODIS. The results of these two methods were compared and verified with each other and showed that they are effective and reliable. These new radiometric calibration methods provide good technique experiences for the next generation in-flight optical sensors.