A Rare yet Morbid Complication of Cocaine Use: Brugada Type 1 on Electrocardiogram.

Cocaine is considered a leading non-opioid cause of drug overdose in the US. It acts as a sympathomimetic and increases the amount of catecholamines, thereby increasing the risk of ventricular irritability and resultant arrhythmias. Its sodium (Na) channel blockage is the principal mechanism behind the Brugada pattern on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which is often transient but is indistinguishable from that of Brugada syndrome, the autosomal dominant channelopathy. We are presenting a case of a 32-year-old male with a history of cocaine and nicotine abuse, who sought medical attention for sudden-onset palpitations and pressure-like chest pain after having snorted an impressive amount of cocaine. His ECG depicted a classical Brugada pattern with ST-elevation with T inversion in V1; however, previous ECGs were normal without ST changes, signifying the Brugada pattern unmasked by cocaine use. Other investigations including stress tests and nuclear imaging were equivocal. His symptoms as well as the ECG pattern reverted to baseline signifying the presence of Brugada phenotype in the absence of channelopathy. Hence, as a sodium channel blocker, cocaine may unmask latent Brugada syndrome in asymptomatic patients without a family history. Recognizing Brugada syndrome on ECG is vital to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment of the patient with and without a genetic predisposition.

Colonic Actinomycosis Presenting One Year After Partial Sigmoid Colectomy.

Actinomycetes are commensal inhabitants of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract that can acquire pathogenicity through invasion of injured mucosa. Appendix and ileocecal regions are the most common sites involved in abdominal actinomycosis. We report a case of unusual site actinomycosis, in the recto-sigmoid colon, presenting with abdominal pain and diarrhea after one year of partial sigmoid colectomy. A colonoscopy was done, which showed a 21 mm polypoid partially obstructing mass in the recto-sigmoid colon. Histopathology showed granulation tissue with severe acute inflammation, fibrinopurulent debris with areas of abscess, and branching filamentous organisms with sulfur granules consistent with actinomycosis. Abdominal actinomycosis can infect almost all organs within the abdominal cavity; however, it is more common around the ileocecal region.