RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Persistent mortality in adults hospitalized due to acute COVID-19 justifies pursuit of disease mechanisms and potential therapies. The aim was to evaluate which virus and host response factors were associated with mortality risk among participants in Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO/ACTIV-3) trials. METHODS: A secondary analysis of 2625 adults hospitalized for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection randomized to 1 of 5 antiviral products or matched placebo in 114 centers on 4 continents. Uniform, site-level collection of participant baseline clinical variables was performed. Research laboratories assayed baseline upper respiratory swabs for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and plasma for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (viral Ag), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Associations between factors and time to mortality by 90 days were assessed using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Viral Ag ≥4500â ng/L (vs <200â ng/L; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.07; 1.29-3.34), viral RNA (<35 000â copies/mL [aHR, 2.42; 1.09-5.34], ≥35 000â copies/mL [aHR, 2.84; 1.29-6.28], vs below detection), respiratory support (<4 L O2 [aHR, 1.84; 1.06-3.22]; ≥4 L O2 [aHR, 4.41; 2.63-7.39], or noninvasive ventilation/high-flow nasal cannula [aHR, 11.30; 6.46-19.75] vs no oxygen), renal impairment (aHR, 1.77; 1.29-2.42), and IL-6 >5.8â ng/L (aHR, 2.54 [1.74-3.70] vs ≤5.8â ng/L) were significantly associated with mortality risk in final adjusted analyses. Viral Ag, viral RNA, and IL-6 were not measured in real-time. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline virus-specific, clinical, and biological variables are strongly associated with mortality risk within 90 days, revealing potential pathogen and host-response therapeutic targets for acute COVID-19 disease.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , COVID-19 , Hospitalización , Interleucina-6 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/mortalidad , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Interleucina-6/sangre , Adulto , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , ARN Viral/sangre , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/sangreRESUMEN
Corynebacterium striatum, a commensal gram-positive rod, is an emerging cause of human disease in individuals with multiple comorbidities and in immunocompromised patient populations. New microbiologic laboratory tests including molecular diagnostics with greater sensitivity to detect pathogens facilitate appropriate clinical diagnosis and treatment to decrease patient morbidity and mortality. Here we report a case of community-acquired C. striatum infective endocarditis of a native mitral valve in a patient with multiple comorbidities.
RESUMEN
A 25-year-old male without prior co-morbidities was admitted to hospital with Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia, where he was found to have liver and splenic abscesses. Further evaluation with echocardiography revealed a bicuspid aortic valve with severe insufficiency and a 1.68 x 0.86 cm vegetation. The patient required abscess drainage, intravenous antimicrobial therapy and aortic valve replacement. Complete resolution of the infection was achieved after valve replacement and a prolonged course of intravenous antimicrobial therapy. A brief analysis of the patient's clinical course and review of the literature is presented.
Homem de 25 anos de idade, sem antecedentes mórbidos foi admitido ao hospital com bacteremia por Fusobacterium necrophorum e abscessos no fígado e no baço. Avaliação posterior com ecografia revelou válvula aórtica bicúspide com insuficiência severa e vegetação de 1,68 x 0,86 cm. Foi feita drenagem dos abscessos, terapia antimicrobiana intravenosa e substituição da válvula aórtica. Resolução completa da infecção foi conseguida após substituição valvular e curso prolongado de terapêutica intravenosa antimicrobiana. É apresentada breve análise do curso clínico do paciente e revisão da literatura.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Absceso Abdominal/microbiología , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Endocarditis Bacteriana/microbiología , Infecciones por Fusobacterium/complicaciones , Fusobacterium necrophorum/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades del Bazo/microbiología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The majority of infections caused by R. equi occur in hosts with some degree of cell-mediated immunodeficiency. Immunocompetent individuals are infrequently affected and usually present with localized disease. Infections of the skin or related structures are uncommon and are usually related to environmental contamination. The microbiology laboratory plays a key role in the identification of the organism since it may be mistaken for common skin flora. We describe a 31 year-old woman without medical problems who presented nine weeks after breast reduction with right breast cellulitis and purulent drainage from the surgical wound. She underwent incision and drainage, and cultures of the wound yielded Rhodococcus equi. The patient completed six weeks of antimicrobial therapy with moxifloxacin and rifampin with complete resolution.
La mayoría de las infecciones causadas por Rhodococcus equi ocurren en huéspedes con algún grado de inmunodeficiencia celular. Los individuos inmunocompetentes son afectados con baja frecuencia y suelen presentarse con enfermedad localizada. Las infecciones de la piel o partes blandas son poco frecuentes y están usualmente relacionadas con contaminación ambiental. El laboratorio de microbiología juega un papel clave en la identificación del organismo, ya que este puede confundirse con flora normal de la piel. Se describe una mujer de 31 años sin problemas médicos que consultó nueve semanas después de haber sido sometida a cirugía de reducción mamaria, con celulitis del seno derecho y drenaje purulento de la herida quirúrgica. Se practicó incisión y drenaje quirúrgico y los cultivos de la herida demostraron R. equi. La paciente recibió seis semanas de tratamiento antimicrobiano con moxifloxacina y rifampicina demostrando resolución completa.