Precipitating factors of decompensation of heart failure related to treatment adherence: multicenter study-EMBRACE. / Fatores precipitantes de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca relacionados a adesão ao tratamento: estudo multicêntrico-EMBRACE.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the precipitating factors of heart failure decompensation between adherent and non-adherent patients to treatment. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort study. Patients over 18 years of age with decompensated heart failure (functional class III/IV) were eligible. The structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and evaluate the reasons for decompensation. The irregular use of medication prior to hospitalization and inadequate salt and fluid intake were considered as poor adherence to treatment. RESULTS: A total of 556 patients were included, mean age 61 ± 14 years old, 362 (65%) male. The main factor of decompensation was poor adherence, representing 55% of the sample. Patients who reported irregular use of medications in the last week had a 22% greater risk of being hospitalized due to poor adherence than the patients who adhered to treatment. CONCLUSION: The EMBRACE study showed that in patients with heart failure, poor adherence was the main factor of exacerbation.

Nurses' performance in classifying heart failure patients based on physical exam: comparison with cardiologist's physical exam and levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

AIM: The purpose of this study is to compare clinical assessment of congestion performed by a nurse to that performed by cardiologist and correlate them with NT-ProBNP levels. BACKGROUND: The nurses' role in heart failure has been strongly focused in therapeutic, educational and self-care interventions. The diagnostic performance of nurses in heart failure outpatients is not well explored. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is a cardiac marker that reflects elevated filling pressures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional contemporaneous study. METHODS: Heart failure outpatients underwent a systematic clinical assessment of clinical congestion score performed by cardiologist and nurse during the same visit. Assessments were performed independently and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels obtained. The nurses' ability to classify patients in hemodynamic profile was compared to the cardiologist's. RESULTS: Eighty-nine assessments were performed in 63 patients with heart failure. The correlation of clinical congestion scores obtained by nurse with those obtained by cardiologist was rs=0.86; p<0.001. The correlation of clinical congestion scores from nurse and cardiologist with levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were as follows: rs=0.45; p<0.0001 and rs=0.51, respectively, p<0.0001. Patients with clinical congestion score≥3 had levels of NT-ProBNP significantly higher than those with clinical congestion score<3, in the assessment performed by the cardiologist (1866 SD 1151 vs. 757 SD 988 pg/ml; p<0.0001) and by the nurse (1720 SD 1228 vs. 821 SD 914 pg/ml; p<0.0001). The nurse and cardiologist had similar capacity in classifying patients in congested quadrants (p=0.027) or in dry quadrants (p=0.03), according to the levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the nurse and cardiologist to detect congestion was, respectively, 0.77 and 0.72. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that nurses trained in heart failure may have a similar performance to that of the cardiologist for the clinical detection of congestion and assessment of the hemodynamic profile in patients with chronic heart failure. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Considering that consistent clinical assessment can identify congested or hypovolemic patients with reasonable reliability, as well as patients with low or normal cardiac output, our results may help confirm nurses' capability in performing reliable clinical assessment in heart failure patients. While nurses' led heart failure programmes are usually focused on the management of patients, nurses' ability to perform accurate assessment would expand nurses' role in these programmes. As many institutions now focus on home visits by heart failure nurses, accurate assessment would benefit patients and improve their clinical outcomes.

Subsample analysis of the Vascular Complications Risk Score at two public referral centers for interventional cardiology.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the performance of the Vascular Complications Risk Score in two public referral centers for interventional cardiology. METHOD: Subsample analysis of the Vascular Complications Risk Score, which was developed and validated in the catheterization laboratories of three cardiology referral centers (two public, one private) with a cutoff of <3 for no risk of developing vascular complications and ≥3 for risk. In this new analysis, we excluded data from the private facility, and only included participants from the original (validation) cohort of the two public hospitals. RESULTS: Among the 629 patients studied, 11.8% had vascular complications; of these, 1.8% were major and 10% minor. Among the patients with a score <3, 310 (94.5%) presented no vascular complications; of those with a score ≥3, 50 (17%) developed complications. Of those who developed vascular complications, 18 scored <3; two of these had major complications. CONCLUSION: This subanalysis confirms the ability of the Vascular Complications Risk core to predict low risk of vascular complications in patients with a score < 3.

Vascular complications in patients who underwent endovascular cardiac procedures: multicenter cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze vascular complications among patients who underwent endovascular cardiac procedures in the hemodynamic laboratories of three referral centers. METHOD: a multicenter cohort study was conducted in three referral facilities. The sample was composed of 2,696 adult patients who had undergone elective or urgent percutaneous cardiac procedures. The outcomes were vascular complications, such as: hematoma at the site of the arterial puncture; major or minor bleeding; surgical correction for retroperitoneal hemorrhage; pseudoaneurysm; and arteriovenous fistula. RESULTS: 237 (8.8%) of the 2,696 patients presented a vascular complication at the site of the arterial puncture. The total number of vascular complications was 264: minor hematoma<10cm (n=135); stable bleeding (n=86); major hematoma ≥10cm (n=32); and unstable bleeding (n=11). There were no retroperitoneal hematoma events, pseudoaneurysm or arterial venous fistula. Most of the major and minor complications occurred in the first six hours after the procedure. CONCLUSION: the results concerning the current context of interventional cardiology indicate that the complications predominantly occur in the first six hours after the procedure, considering a 48-hour follow-up. The staff should plan and implement preventive measures immediately after the procedures.

Subsample analysis of the Vascular Complications Risk Score at two public referral centers for interventional cardiology / Análise de subamostras do escore de risco para complicações vasculares em duas instituições públicas de referência para cardiologia intervencionista / Análisis de submuestras del score de riesgo para complicaciones vasculares en dos centros públicos de referencia para cardiología intervencionista

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the performance of the Vascular Complications Risk Score in two public referral centers for interventional cardiology. Method: Subsample analysis of the Vascular Complications Risk Score, which was developed and validated in the catheterization laboratories of three cardiology referral centers (two public, one private) with a cutoff of <3 for no risk of developing vascular complications and ≥3 for risk. In this new analysis, we excluded data from the private facility, and only included participants from the original (validation) cohort of the two public hospitals. Results: Among the 629 patients studied, 11.8% had vascular complications; of these, 1.8% were major and 10% minor. Among the patients with a score <3, 310 (94.5%) presented no vascular complications; of those with a score ≥3, 50 (17%) developed complications. Of those who developed vascular complications, 18 scored <3; two of these had major complications. Conclusion: This subanalysis confirms the ability of the Vascular Complications Risk core to predict low risk of vascular complications in patients with a score < 3.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho do Escore de Risco para Complicações Vasculares em duas instituições públicas de referência para cardiologia intervencionista. Método: Análise de subamostras do Escore de Risco para Complicações Vasculares, que foi desenvolvida e validada nos laboratórios de cateterização de três instituições de referência em cardiologia (duas públicas, uma particular) com um valor de corte de <3 para nenhum risco de desenvolver complicações vasculares e ≥3 para risco. Nesta nova análise, excluímos dados do centro particular e apenas incluímos participantes da coorte original (validação) dos dois hospitais públicos. Resultados: Entre os 629 participantes estudados, 11,8% tiveram complicações vasculares; destas, 1,8% foram maiores e 10%, menores. Entre os pacientes com um escore <3, 310 (94,5%) não apresentaram nenhuma complicação vascular; daqueles com um escore ≥3, 50 (17%) desenvolveram complicações. Daqueles que desenvolveram complicações vasculares, 18 pontuaram <3; dois destes tiveram complicações maiores. Conclusão: Esta subanálise confirma a habilidade do Escore de Risco para Complicações Vasculares de predizer baixo risco de complicações vasculares em pacientes com um escore <3.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño del Score de Riesgo para Complicaciones Vasculares en dos centros públicos de referencia para cardiología intervencionista. Método: Análisis de submuestras del Score de Riesgo para Complicaciones Vasculares, que fue desarrollado y validado en los laboratorios de cateterización de tres centros de referencia en cardiología (dos públicos, uno privado) con punto de corte <3 para ningún riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones vasculares y ≥3 para riesgo. En este nuevo análisis, excluimos datos de la institución privada y solo incluimos a participantes de la cohorte original (validación) de dos hospitales públicos. Resultados: Entre los 629 participantes estudiados, el 11,8% tuvieron complicaciones vasculares; de estas, el 1,8% fueron mayores y el 10%, menores. Entre los pacientes con un score <3, 310 (94,5%) no presentaron ninguna complicación vascular; de aquellos con un score ≥3, 50 (17%) desarrollaron complicaciones. De los que desarrollaron complicaciones vasculares, 18 tuvieron un puntaje <3; dos de estos tuvieron complicaciones mayores. Conclusión: Este subanálisis confirma la habilidad del Score de Riesgo para Complicaciones Vasculares de predecir bajo riesgo de complicaciones vasculares en pacientes con un score <3.

Vascular complications in patients who underwent endovascular cardiac procedures: multicenter cohort study / Complicações vasculares em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cardiológicos endovasculares: coorte multicêntrica / Complicaciones vasculares en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos cardiológicos endovasculares: cohorte multicéntrica

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze vascular complications among patients who underwent endovascular cardiac procedures in the hemodynamic laboratories of three referral centers. Method: a multicenter cohort study was conducted in three referral facilities. The sample was composed of 2,696 adult patients who had undergone elective or urgent percutaneous cardiac procedures. The outcomes were vascular complications, such as: hematoma at the site of the arterial puncture; major or minor bleeding; surgical correction for retroperitoneal hemorrhage; pseudoaneurysm; and arteriovenous fistula. Results: 237 (8.8%) of the 2,696 patients presented a vascular complication at the site of the arterial puncture. The total number of vascular complications was 264: minor hematoma<10cm (n=135); stable bleeding (n=86); major hematoma ≥10cm (n=32); and unstable bleeding (n=11). There were no retroperitoneal hematoma events, pseudoaneurysm or arterial venous fistula. Most of the major and minor complications occurred in the first six hours after the procedure. Conclusion: the results concerning the current context of interventional cardiology indicate that the complications predominantly occur in the first six hours after the procedure, considering a 48-hour follow-up. The staff should plan and implement preventive measures immediately after the procedures.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as complicações vasculares de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cardiológicos endovasculares em laboratório de hemodinâmica de três centros de referência. Método: estudo de coorte multicêntrico, em três instituições de referência, sendo a amostra constituída de 2.696 pacientes, incluindo pacientes adultos que realizaram procedimento percutâneo cardiológico em caráter eletivo ou urgente. Foram considerados como desfechos a presença de complicações vasculares, como hematoma no local da punção arterial, sangramento maior e menor e correção cirúrgica para hemorragia retroperitoneal, pseudoaneurisma ou formação de fístula arteriovenosa. Resultados: dos 2.696 pacientes, 237 (8,8%) apresentaram algum tipo de complicação vascular no sítio de punção arterial. O número total de complicações vasculares foi 264: hematoma menor <10 cm (n=135), sangramento estável (n=86), hematoma maior ≥10 cm (n=32) e sangramento instável (n=11). Não ocorreu evento de hematoma retroperitoneal, pseudoaneurisma ou fístula arteriovenosa. Majoritariamente, tanto as complicações maiores como as menores ocorreram nas primeiras seis horas após o procedimento. Conclusão: os resultados das complicações no cenário atual da cardiologia intervencionista indicam que a incidência dessas ocorre predominantemente nas primeiras seis horas após os procedimentos, considerando a avaliação até 48 horas. Medidas preventivas imediatas aos procedimentos devem ser planejadas e implementadas pela equipe.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las complicaciones vasculares de pacientes sometidos a procedimientos cardiológicos endovasculares en laboratorio de hemodinámica, en tres centros de referencia. Método: fue diseñado un estudio de cohorte multicéntrica en tres instituciones de referencia. La muestra estuvo constituida por 2.696 pacientes; fueron incluidos pacientes adultos que realizaron procedimiento percutáneo cardiológico en carácter electivo o urgente; los que fueron considerados como resultado de la presencia de complicaciones vasculares, como: hematoma en el local de la punción arterial; hemorragia mayor y menor y corrección quirúrgica para hemorragia retroperitoneal, pseudoaneurisma o formación de fístula arterial venosa. Resultados: de los 2.696 pacientes, 237(8,8%) presentaron algún tipo de complicación vascular en el sitio de la punción arterial. El número total de complicaciones vasculares fue 264: hematoma menor <10cm (n=135), hemorragia estable (n=86), hematoma mayor ≥10cm (n=32) y hemorragia inestable (n=11). No ocurrió evento de hematoma retroperitoneal, pseudoaneurisma o fístula arterial venosa. En su mayoría, tanto las complicaciones mayores como las menores ocurrieron en las primeras seis horas después del procedimiento. Conclusión: los resultados de las complicaciones, en el escenario actual de la cardiología intervencionista, indican que la incidencia de ellas ocurre predominantemente en las primeras seis horas después de los procedimientos, considerando la evaluación hasta 48h. Medidas preventivas inmediatas a los procedimientos deben ser planificadas e implementadas por el equipo.

Fatores precipitantes de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca relacionados a adesão ao tratamento: estudo multicêntrico-EMBRACE / Factores desencadenantes de descompensación de la insuficiencia cardiaca relacionados con la adhesión al tratamiento: estudio multicéntrico-EMBRACE / Precipitating factors of decompensation of heart failure related to treatment adherence: multicenter study-EMBRACE

Resumo OBJETIVO Descrever os fatores precipitantes de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca entre pacientes aderentes e não aderentes ao tratamento. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal de uma coorte multicêntrica. Pacientes acima de 18 anos com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada (classe funcional III/IV) foram elegíveis. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado avaliando os motivos da descompensação. O uso irregular de medicação prévio à internação, controle inadequado de sal e líquidos foram considerados como grupo de má adesão ao tratamento. RESULTADOS Foram incluídos 556 pacientes, com idade média de 61±14 anos, 362(65%) homens. O principal fator de descompensação foi a má adesão, representando 55% da amostra. Os pacientes que referiram o uso irregular das medicações na última semana apresentaram 22% mais risco de internação por má adesão quando comparados aos pacientes aderentes. CONCLUSÃO O estudo EMBRACE demonstrou que em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, a má adesão mostrou-se como o principal fator de exacerbação.

Resumen OBJETIVO Describir los factores desencadenantes de descompensación de la insuficiencia cardíaca entre pacientes adherentes y no adherentes al tratamiento. MÉTODOS Estudio transversal de cohorte multicéntrica. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada (clase funcional III / IV) fueron elegibles. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado que evalua los motivos de la descompensación. El uso irregular de medicación previa a la internación y control inadecuado de sal y líquidos fueron considerados como grupo de mala adherencia al tratamiento. RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 556 pacientes, con una edad media de 61 ± 14 años, 362 (65%) eran hombres. El principal factor de descompensación fue la mala adherencia, representando el 55% de la muestra. Los pacientes que indicaron el uso irregular de las medicaciones en la última semana presentaron un 22% más de riesgo de internación por mala adherencia en comparación con los pacientes adherentes. CONCLUSIÓN El estudio EMBRACE demostró que en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, la mala adherencia se mostró como el principal factor de exacerbación.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe the precipitating factors of heart failure decompensation between adherent and non-adherent patients to treatment. METHODS Cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort study. Patients over 18 years of age with decompensated heart failure (functional class III/IV) were eligible. The structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and evaluate the reasons for decompensation. The irregular use of medication prior to hospitalization and inadequate salt and fluid intake were considered as poor adherence to treatment. RESULTS A total of 556 patients were included, mean age 61 ± 14 years old, 362 (65%) male. The main factor of decompensation was poor adherence, representing 55% of the sample. Patients who reported irregular use of medications in the last week had a 22% greater risk of being hospitalized due to poor adherence than the patients who adhered to treatment. CONCLUSION The EMBRACE study showed that in patients with heart failure, poor adherence was the main factor of exacerbation.

Nursing diagnosis of activity intolerance: clinical validation in patients with refractory angina.

PURPOSE: The study aims to clinically validate the defining characteristics (DCs) of the nursing diagnosis (ND) of Activity Intolerance for patients with ischemic heart disease and refractory angina. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was used, involving 22 patients with ND of Activity Intolerance. The Fehring method was used to validate the ND. FINDINGS: Most DCs presented reliability indexes between 0.5 and 0.79. Three DCs presented reliability indexes ≥ 0.8. CONCLUSION: All DCs were validated, and electrocardiographic changes indicating ischemia, verbal report of fatigue, and abnormal rate response to activity were considered as DC major. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This study is relevant in daily nursing practice for guidance in establishing the care plan and describing the assistance for this group of patients.

Manejo não farmacológico de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada: estudo multicêntrico - EMBRACE / Non-pharmacological management of patients with decompensated heart failure: a multicenter study - EMBRACE

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prescrição e execução dos cuidados não farmacológicos nas prescrições médicas ou de enfermagem em três centros de referência no atendimento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal de uma coorte multicêntrica. Incluíram-se pacientes admitidos por IC descompensada, classe funcional III/IV; de qualquer etiologia; idade ≥ 18 anos; de ambos os gêneros. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 562 pacientes, dentre os cuidados não farmacológicos, a restrição de sal foi o mais prescrito (95,4%), seguido pelo controle de diurese (48%). A proporção de cuidados prescritos e realizados foi maior no terceiro, e nos outros dois a diferença entre o prescrito e o realizado foi superior a 20%. CONCLUSÕES: Os cuidados não farmacológicos não estão totalmente incorporados à prática clínica. Estratégias que possam mobilizar a equipe multiprofissional com vistas às prescrições e realizações desses cuidados merecem ser estudadas.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prescription and execution of non-pharmacological care in the medical or nursing prescriptions in three reference centers for the treatment of patients with heart failure. METHODS: A study using a quantitative, cross-sectional approach of a multicenter cohort. It included: patients admitted for decompensated heart failure, New York Heart Association function III / IV; any etiology; age of 18 years or older; and both genders. RESULTS: The study included 562 patients; among non-pharmacological care, salt restriction was the most prescribed (95.4%), followed by the control of diuresis (48%). The proportion of treatment prescribed and performed was higher in the third, and in the other two centers the difference between the prescribed and the performed was higher than 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological care interventions are not fully incorporated into clinical practice. Strategies that can mobilize the multidisciplinary team with a view to the interventions and achievements of this care merit study.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la prescripción y ejecución de los cuidados no farmacológicos en las prescripciones médicas o de enfermería en tres centros de referencia en la atención de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, transversal de una cohorte multicéntrica. Se incluyeron pacientes admitidos por IC descompensada, clase funcional III/IV; de cualquier etiología; edad ≥ 18 años; de ambos géneros. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluídos 562 pacientes, de los cuidados no farmacológicos, la restricción de sal fue el más prescrito (95,4%), seguido por el control de diuresis (48%). La proporción de cuidados prescritos y realizados fue mayor en el tercero, y en los otros dos la diferencia entre el prescrito y el realizado fue superior a 20%. CONCLUSIONES: Los cuidados no farmacológicos no están totalmente incorporados a la práctica clínica. Merecen ser estudiadas estrategias que puedan mobilizar al equipo multiprofesional con miras a las prescripciones y realizaciones de esos cuidados.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem intolerância à atividade e perfusão tissular cardiopulmonar ineficaz: avaliação em pacientes submetidos à terapia gênica / Nursing diagnosis activity intolerance and inefficient cardiopulmonary tissue perfusion: evaluation in patients undergoing gene therapy

Objetivo: avaliar e comparar a freqüência dos diagnósticos de enfermagem intolerância à atividade e perfusão tissularcardiopulmonar ineficaz em pacientes cardiopatas isquêmicos avançados antes e após terapia gênica pararevascularização miocárdica. Método: estudo de coorte, no qual 20 pacientes cardiopatas isquêmicos avançados tratadoscom terapia gênica serão submetidos a avaliações clínicas de duas enfermeiras com experiência mínima de três anos emcardiologia, a fim de identificar a presença ou não dos diagnósticos de enfermagem intolerância à atividade e perfusãotissular cardiopulmonar ineficaz. Essas avaliações serão realizadas antes da terapia gênica e três e seis meses após amesma. Os dados serão tabulados para posterior análise de freqüência absoluta e relativa, assim como comparação entreos três momentos. Será utilizado o coeficiente de Kappa para análise da concordância entre as avaliações deenfermagem. Para comparar as variáveis dicotômicas será utilizado o Teste Q de Cochran e para as variáveis ordinaisserá utilizado o Teste de Friedman.