Technical solutions to improve the management of non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma: summary of a European Association of Urology Section for Uro-Technology (ESUT) and Section for Uro-Oncology (ESOU) expert meeting and current and future perspectives.

The aim of the present review was to compare state-of-the-art care and future perspectives for the detection and treatment of non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. We provide a summary of the third expert meeting on 'Optimising the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, organized by the European Association of Urology Section for Uro-Technology (ESUT) in collaboration with the Section for Uro-Oncology (ESOU), including a systematic literature review. The article includes a detailed discussion on the current and future perspectives for TCC, including photodynamic diagnosis, optical coherence tomography, narrow band imaging, the Storz Professional Image Enhancement system, magnification and high definition techniques. We also provide a detailed discussion of future surgical treatment options, including en bloc resection and tumour enucleation. Intensive research has been conducted to improve tumour detection and there are promising future perspectives, that require proven clinical efficacy. En bloc resection of bladder tumours may be advantageous, but is currently considered to be experimental.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

At the moment, OPN is considered to be the gold standard in nephron sparing surgery. LPN has become a reliable option for many patients with renal tumors up to 7 cm in many centres. Oncological data are promising and the requirements of warm ischemia time, closure of the pelvicaliceal system and hemostasis can be solved without increased risk for the patients involved. Nevertheless we believe, that safety and oncological success are essential and the surgeons ambition can sometimes be dangerous. Therefore one should not hesitate to either perform an open procedure in those cases, where tumor characteristics seem to be unfavorable for a laparoscopic approach or refer the patient to a centre with more laparoscopic experience.

The value of a second transurethral resection for T1 bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a series of repeat transurethral resections (TURs) of tumour in patients with T1 bladder cancer, usually used to ensure a complete resection and to exclude the possibility muscle-invasive disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 136 consecutive patients had a second TUR because of a histopathological diagnosis of T1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) after their initial TUR. Of the 136 patients, 101 were first presentations and 35 had recurrent tumours. The second TUR was done 4-6 weeks later. The evaluation included the presence of previously undetected residual tumour, changes to histopathological staging/grading, and tumour location. RESULTS: In all, 71 patients (52%) had residual disease according to findings from specimens obtained during the second TUR. The staging was: no tumour, 65 (48%); Ta, 11 (8%); T1, 32 (24%); Tis, 15 (11%); and > or = T2, 13 (10%). Histopathological changes that worsened the prognosis (>T1 and or concomitant Tis) were found in 21% of patients. Residual malignant tissue was found in the same location as the first TUR in 86% of the patients, and at different locations in 14%. Overall, 28 patients (21% of the original 136) had a radical cystectomy as a consequence of the second TUR findings. CONCLUSIONS: A routine second TUR should be advised in patients with T1 TCC of the bladder, to achieve a more complete tumour resection and to identify patients who should have a prompt cystectomy.