Hydrochemical profile for assessing the groundwater quality of Sambhar lake city and its adjoining area.

Quality assessment of water is essential to ensure sustainable safe use of it for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. For the same purpose the study was conducted for the samples of water of Sambhar lake city and its adjoining areas. The standard methods of APHA were used to analysis 15 samples collected from hand pumps and tube wells of the specified area. The analytical results show higher concentration of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity sodium, nitrate, sulfate, and fluoride, which indicate signs of deterioration but values of pH, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, and carbonate are within permissible limits as per WHO standards. From the Hill-piper trilinear diagram, it is observed that the majority of groundwater from sampling stations are sodium-potassium-chloride-sulfate type water. The values of sodium absorption ratio and electrical conductivity of the groundwater were plotted in the US salinity laboratory diagram for irrigation water. Only the one sample fall in C(3)S(1) quality with high salinity hazard and low sodium hazard. Other samples fall in high salinity hazard and high sodium hazard. Chemical analysis of groundwater shows that mean concentration of cation is in order sodium > magnesium > calcium > potassium while for the anion it is chloride > bicarbonate > nitrate > sulfate.

Hydrochemical investigations and correlation analysis of groundwater quality.

A study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of Sambhar lake city (India) and its adjoining areas. Groundwater samples from hand pumps and tube wells of fifteen sampling stations were analyzed during post-monsoon session with the help of standard methods of APHA. The analytical results showed higher concentrations of TDS, EC, Sodium, Nitrate, Sulphate and Fluoride, which indicate signs of deterioration but values of pH, Calcium, Magnesium, TH and Carbonate were found within permissible limits as per the WHO standards. From correlation analysis it was observed that very strong correlations exist between Na+ and Cl- (0.99) as well as EC and Cl-. From Hill-piper trilinear diagram it is observed that the majority of groundwater from sampling stations was sodium-potassium-chloride-sulphate type water. The values of sodium absorption ratio and EC of groundwater were plotted in the US salinity laboratory diagram of irrigation water. Only one sample was found to fall in C3S1 quality with high salinity hazard and low sodium hazard. Another samples were found to fall in high salinity hazard and high sodium hazard. Chemical analysis of groundwater showed that mean concentration of cation is in order sodium > magnesium > calcium > potassium while for the anion it is chloride > bicarbonate > nitrate > sulphate.

Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater at Churu tehsil, Rajasthan, India.

Groundwater samples were collected from different locations in Churu tehsil, Rajasthan (India) for their physico-chemical studies. Laboratory tests were performed for analysis of samples for total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and major ions, e.g. calcium, magnesium, nitrate, fluoride, sodium and potassium. This paper highlights the analytical results for main ions contributing towards total dissolved solids. On comparing the results against drinking water quality standards laid by Indian Council of Medical Research (I.C.M.R.), it is found that most of the water samples are non potable for human beings due to high concentration of one parameter or the other. Most of the samples have total dissolved solids values much higher than the maximum permissible level stipulated by I.C.M.R., which is 1500 ppm. The high values of these parameters may have health implications and therefore these need attention.

Chemical analysis of ground water of Sanganer area, Jaipur in Rajasthan.

The chemical analysis of ground water quality of Sanganer area, Jaipur in Rajasthan is presented in this paper. It is important from this point of view to observe the suitability of water for safe drinking and irrigation. The different parameters measured are pH, conductivity, TDS, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, COD, alkalinity, Cl-, F-, PO4(3-), Na+, K+, SO4(2-), NO3-, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Fe2+. From the observed data it is found that parameters like conductivity, TDS, alkalinity, F- have high values in this area whereas other parameters are approximately with in the limits or below limit.