[Iron store status of children aged 6 to 17 years in Beijing in 2016-2017].

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively assess the concentration and distribution of body iron(BI) in children aged 6 to 17 years in Beijing. METHODS: A total of 1392 children aged 6 to 17 years in Beijing were randomly selected for questionnaire survey and physical examination in 2016-2017. Fasting venous blood was collected, serum ferritin(SF) and serum soluble transferrin receptor(sTfR) were measured by immunoturbidimetric assay. BI were calculated, and the concentration and distribution of BI in children aged 6 to 17 years was assessed. RESULTS: The average BI level of children aged 6 to 17 in Beijing was(5.49±2.94) mg/kg. The average BI level of boys was higher than that of girls, and the average BI level of children with abdominal obesity was higher than that of children without abdominal obesity, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The concentration of BI in children aged 6 to 17 years in Beijing was 4-7.99 mg/kg, accounting for the highest proportion(57.3%). The concentration of BI<0 mg/kg accounted for the lowest proportion(4.3%). There were significant differences in the distribution of BI concentration in different gender, age and abdominal obesity(P<0.05). The anemia rate of children aged 6 to 17 in Beijing was 2.7%(95%CI 1.9-3.6), the low ferritin rate(SF<25 µg/L) was 22.5%(95%CI 20.0-24.8), and the iron deficiency rate(SF<15 µg/L) was 7.8%(95%CI 6.4-9.3), the negative iron stores(BI<0 mg/kg) rate was 4.3%(95%CI 3.2-5.3). The anemia rate, low ferritin rate, iron deficiency rate and negative iron stores rate were higher in girls than boys, and higher in children aged 12 to 17 years than in children aged 6 to 11 years, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency was still present in children aged 6 to 17 in Beijing from 2016 to 2017. The proportion of low BI level in girls and children aged 12 to 17 is higher, respectively.

[Vitamin D status and distribution in Beijing school aged children in 2016-2018].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D in school-age children in Beijing. METHODS: The data was part of the monitoring data of Beijing in "Chinese Nutrition and Health Monitoring of Children and Nursing Mothers 2016-2017". A total of 1385 students were recruited from 10 primary schools, 10 junior middle schools and 5 senior high schools. The concentrations of serum vitamin D were determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The distribution of serum vitamin D in school-age children was further described for different regions, age, body mass index(BMI), waistline, outdoor activity time and myopia. The prevalence of the insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D was compared in different subgroups. RESULTS: The median concentration of serum 25(OH)D_3 [M(P25, P75)] of students aged 6-11 and 12-17 were 20.86(16.48, 25.31) ng/mL and 14.12(11.04, 19.17) ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D_3 of male school-age children was higher than that of female. The serum 25(OH)D_3 of students aged 12-17 was lower than that of students aged 6-11. The serum 25(OH)D_3 of urban students was lower than that of rural students, and the serum 25(OH)D_3 of myopia students was lower than that of non-myopia students(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D_3 between students with outdoor activity time greater than or equal to 2 hours and students with less than 2 hours, normal weight and overweight and obese students, normal waist and abdominal obesity students. The vitamin D deficiency rate, insufficiency rate, insufficiency and deficiency rate of school-age children were 18.8%(261), 40.1%(556) and 59.0%(817). The vitamin D deficiency in girls was more serious than that in boys, and the vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency of students aged 12-17 were more serious than that of students aged 6-11. The vitamin D deficiency of students in urban areas was more serious than that in rural areas, and the vitamin D deficiency of myopia students was more serious than that of non-myopia(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in vitamin D deficiency between students with outdoor activity time greater than or equal to 2 hours and students with less than 2 hours, normal weight and overweight and obese students, normal waist and abdominal obesity students. The statistically significant variables(gender, age, region, outdoor activity time, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and myopia) were included in the multivariate Logistic regression model for analysis. The result showed that girls(OR = 2.005, P<0.001), 12-17 years old(OR=4.310, P<0.001), rural(OR=0.586, P<0.001) with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more likely. CONCLUSION: The vitamin D status of students in Beijing is not ideal, and the deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in girls is more serious than that in boys; The deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in 12-17 years old is more serious than that in 6-11 years old; The vitamin D deficiency of urban students is more serious than that of rural students.

[Analysis on influence factors of dietary supplement used in population aged above 45 years in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore influence factors of dietary supplement used in population aged above 45 years in Beijing. METHODS: Utilizing the data of the survey of dietary supplement (DS) used in Beijing in 2006 was to investigate the influence factors by using multi-factorial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: All 2487 samples were included in the analysis. Sex, age, average income of each month for each member of the family, experiences of deficiency of nutrition, attitude to nutrition knowledge, attitude to the need of DS and city-or-rural resident had shown effects on DS using. The percentage of using DS in female was higher than that in male being 19.3% and 11.8% respectively. The percentage grew up as the age became older. The same trend appeared as the economic-status going up, but not as education level change. Use of DS was greater in urban population (16.9%) than in rural population (14.6%). The percentage of using DS in people who had or just been diagnosed as malnutrition/deficiency disease or chronic disease, or those who thought themselves having got these diseases only by their own feeling were higher than those did not. CONCLUSION: People the female, the elder, or those having higher income, having experiences of deficiency of nutrition, are more interested in nutrition knowledge, and more positive in need of DS and those living in rural should be the target population of nutrition education for DS use.

[Dietary supplement use in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence of dietary supplement use among Beijing population. METHODS: By stratified cluster sampling method, 4561 subjects in 6 different regions in Beijing were investigated distributed. Questionnaire survey was used to collect the information on dietary supplements use and the demographic, health and lifestyle characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of dietary supplements use in Beijing were 11.9% (standardized rate: 10.1%), 9.0% in male persons(standardized rate: 7.7%), and 14.5% in female persons (standardized rate: 12.4%), respectively. Main types of dietary supplements used were compounds multivitamin and multiminerals. The distributions of dietary supplement use were different in population with different characteristics. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dietary supplement use was more less of the population in Beijng than that of the population in developed country. Further investigation should be carried out to find the influence factors of dietary supplements use in China.

[Investigation of nutrition and feeding status among children under 2 years in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nutrition status, breast feeding and complementary feeding among children under 2 years of age in Beijing. METHODS: A stratified cluster randomly sampling method was used. After having got the compliance a questionnaire survey was carried out to 422 children < 2 year-old in total 18 districts of Beijing. RESULTS: The average infant birth weight was 3325 g, the rate of weight (2500 g and > or = 4000 g were 2.8% and 13.0% respectively. The rate of exclusive breast-feeding, partial breast-feeding, bottle-feeding of infant under 4 months was 56.6%, 33.9% and 9.5% respectively. The average weaning time was 7.4 months. The rate of complementary feeding of infant up to 6 months was 99.4%. The average ages for addition of complementary feeding such as cereal, vegetable and fruit, egg, oil, nutrients in rural areas were later than those in urban. CONCLUSION: It is important to promote breast feeding and improve complementary feeding by education and intervention.