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The pathogen Colletotrichum siamense causes tea anthracnose, resulting in economic losses to the Chinese tea industry. To effectively diagnose this pathogen in the field, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method using highly specific primers with a sensitivity of 1 pg/µl designed for amplifying the CAL gene, which was 10 times higher than that of conventional PCR. Additionally, to improve the method for obtaining DNA samples required for on-site diagnosis, we used the filter-disc DNA extraction method, which does not require special instruments and can be completed in a few minutes, and found that it effectively meets the requirements for the LAMP reaction. Finally, we combined LAMP with a filter-disc DNA extraction method (FDE-LAMP) to diagnose different degrees of disease in inoculated samples and 20 samples from the field. The results showed that the procedure had sufficient sensitivity for pathogen detection. Therefore, the FDE-LAMP procedure could greatly contribute to managing and preventing tea anthracnose in the field.
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Colletotrichum , ADN , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Té , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Visible light-driven H2O2 production presents the unique merits of sustainability and environmental friendliness. The size of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) determines their dispersion and electronic structure and greatly affects their photocatalytic activity. In this work, a series of sized Au NPs over C3N4 were modulated for H2O2 production. The results show that there is a volcanic trend in H2O2 with the decrease of Au particle size, and the highest H2O2 production rate of 1052 µmol g-1 h-1 is obtained from medium-sized Au particles (â¼8.7 nm). The relationship between structure and catalytic performance is supported by experimental and theoretical methods. (1) First, medium-sized Au NPs promote photon absorption, and have a suitable built-in electric field at the heterojunction, which can be successfully tuned to achieve a more efficient h+-e- spatial separation. (2) Second, medium-sized Au NPs enhance O2 adsorption, and create selective 2e- O2 reduction reaction sites. (3) Particularly, medium-sized Au NPs promote the desorption of produced H2O2 and inhibit H2O2 decomposition, finally leading to the highest H2O2 selectivity. Excellent catalytic performance will be obtained by finely optimizing the particle size in a certain range. This work provides a new idea for preparing high efficiently photocatalysts for H2O2 production.
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Passive daytime radiative cooling technology presents a sustainable solution for combating global warming and accompanying extreme weather, with great potential for diverse applications. The key characteristics of this cooling technology are the ability to reflect most sunlight and radiate heat through the atmospheric transparency window. However, the required high solar reflectance is easily affected by environmental aging, rendering the cooling ineffective. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the failure mechanisms, design strategies, and manufacturing technologies of daytime radiative cooling. Herein, a critical review on anti-environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling with the goal of advancing their commercial applications is presented. It is first introduced the optical mechanisms and optimization principles of radiative cooling, which serve as a basis for further endowing environmental durability. Then the environmental aging conditions of passive daytime radiative cooling, mainly focusing on UV exposure, thermal aging, surface contamination and chemical corrosion are discussed. Furthermore, the developments of anti-environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling materials, including design strategies, fabrication techniques, structures, and performances, are reviewed and classified for the first time. Last but not the least, the remaining open challenges and the insights are presented for the further promotion of the commercialization progress.
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BACKGROUND: The on-site molecular detection of plant pathogens is particularly important for the development of sustainable agriculture. Extracting DNA from plant tissues, microbes or coexisting environments is complex, labor-intensive and time-consuming. To facilitate this process, we propose a DNA purification strategy based on graphene oxide (GO). RESULTS: The excellent adsorption ability of GO was verified by visualizing changes in its microscopic surface and macroscopic mixture. To further optimize the DNA purification, we determined the optimal GO concentration and treatment time at 95 °C (2 mg mL-1 and 2 min, respectively). We confirmed that our strategy is effective on plant tissues and various microorganisms, and that the obtained DNA can be directly used for polymerase chain reaction amplification. Combining the proposed GO-based DNA purification method with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method is superior, in terms of the required steps, time, cost and detection effect, to the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method and a commercial kit for detecting plant pathogens. CONCLUSION: We present a feasible, rapid, simple and low-cost DNA purification method with high practical value for scientific applications in plant pathogen detection. This strategy can also provide important technical support for future research on plant-microbial microenvironments. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Grafito , Grafito/química , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Adsorción , Técnicas de Diagnóstico MolecularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a nomogram model for predicting the risk of 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. 281 sepsis patients admitted to the department of intensive care unit (ICU) of the 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2017 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into a training set (197 cases) and a validation set (84 cases) according to a 7 : 3 ratio. The general information, clinical treatment measures and laboratory examination results within 24 hours after admission to ICU were collected. Patients were divided into survival group and death group based on 28-day outcomes. The differences in various data were compared between the two groups. The optimal predictive variables were selected using Lasso regression, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing the mortality of sepsis patients and to establish a nomogram model. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC) were used to evaluate the nomogram model. RESULTS: Out of 281 cases of sepsis, 82 cases died with a mortality of 29.18%. The number of patients who died in the training and validation sets was 54 and 28, with a mortality of 27.41% and 33.33% respectively. Lasso regression, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis screened for 5 independent predictors associated with 28-day mortality. There were use of vasoactive drugs [odds ratio (OR) = 5.924, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.244-44.571, P = 0.043], acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II: OR = 1.051, 95%CI was 1.000-1.107, P = 0.050), combined with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS: OR = 17.298, 95%CI was 5.517-76.985, P < 0.001), neutrophil count (NEU: OR = 0.934, 95%CI was 0.879-0.988, P = 0.022) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2: OR = 0.994, 95%CI was 0.988-0.998, P = 0.017). A nomogram model was constructed using the independent predictive factors mentioned above, ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the nomogram model was 0.899 (95%CI was 0.856-0.943) and 0.909 (95%CI was 0.845-0.972) for the training and validation sets respectively. The C-index was 0.900 and 0.920 for the training and validation sets respectively, with good discrimination. The Hosmer-Lemeshoe tests both showed P > 0.05, indicating good calibration. Both DCA and CIC plots demonstrate the model's good clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS: The use of vasoactive, APACHE II score, comorbid MODS, NEU and PaO2/FiO2 are independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. The nomogram model based on these 5 indicators has a good predictive ability for the occurrence of mortality in sepsis patients.
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Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Nomogramas , Sepsis , Humanos , Sepsis/mortalidad , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Curva ROC , Pronóstico , Femenino , Masculino , Modelos Logísticos , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Persona de Mediana Edad , AncianoRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systematic autoimmune disease. The typical clinical involvement of GPA entails the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and the kidneys. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is uncommon and unless detected and treated promptly, may lead to life-threatening complications such as perforation. We aim to review all available publications since the first description in 1982 dealing with GI perforation in patients with Wegener granulomatosis and draw attention to this serious situation. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a 54-year-old man diagnosed with GPA who presented initially with nasal symptoms and suffered ileal perforation following Corona Virus Disease 2019 infection. We also review previously reported patients with Wegener granulomatosis who had GI perforation to investigate the perforation site and period, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment methods. DIAGNOSES AND INTERVENTIONS: The case of a GPA-diagnosed patient who presented initially with nasal symptoms and suffered ileal perforation following Corona Virus Disease 2019 infection. We recommended a renal puncture biopsy, steroids, and immunosuppressants to improve the patient condition. The patient and his family refused these treatment recommendations. OUTCOMES: Our patient exhibited continued progressive vascular inflammatory changes and eventual irreversible systemic damage. These sequelae were attributed to the patient declining prednisolone and immunosuppressant therapy. LESSONS: GI perforation is rare in GPA but severe complication. Consequently, we recommend that early diagnosis and treatment with steroid hormones and immunosuppressants for GPA patients with GI perforation.
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COVID-19 , Granulomatosis con Poliangitis , Perforación Intestinal , Masculino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Granulomatosis con Poliangitis/complicaciones , Granulomatosis con Poliangitis/diagnóstico , Granulomatosis con Poliangitis/tratamiento farmacológico , COVID-19/complicaciones , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Perforación Intestinal/complicacionesRESUMEN
Superhydrophobic surface (SHS) has been well developed, as SHS renders the property of minimizing the water/solid contact interface. Water droplets deposited onto SHS with contact angles exceeding 150°, allow them to retain spherical shapes, and the low adhesion of SHS facilitates easy droplet collection when tilting the substrate. These characteristics make SHS suitable for a wide range of applications. One particularly promising application is the fabrication of microsphere and supraparticle materials. SHS offers a distinct advantage as a universal platform capable of providing customized services for a variety of microspheres and supraparticles. In this review, an overview of the strategies for fabricating microspheres and supraparticles with the aid of SHS, including cross-linking process, polymer melting, and droplet template evaporation methods, is first presented. Then, the applications of microspheres and supraparticles formed onto SHS are discussed in detail, for example, fabricating photonic devices with controllable structures and tunable structural colors, acting as catalysts with emerging or synergetic properties, being integrated into the biomedical field to construct the devices with different medicinal purposes, being utilized for inducing protein crystallization and detecting trace amounts of analytes. Finally, the perspective on future developments involved with this research field is given, along with some obstacles and opportunities.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the 28-day survival status and influencing factors of adult patients with sepsis, providing reference for early diagnosis of sepsis prognosis and reducing sepsis mortality. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 160 adult patients with sepsis in the department of intensive care unit of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from January 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled. The general information, laboratory examination results within 24 hours after admission, clinical treatment measures, and prognosis of patients were collected. Univariate analysis and binary multivariate Logistic regression were performed to screen the risk factors that might affect the short-term prognosis of patients with sepsis. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to analyze the predictive value of various risk factors on the short-term death risk of sepsis patients. RESULTS: A total of 160 patients with sepsis were enrolled, of whom 91 survived in 28 days, and 69 died with a mortality of 43.12%. Compared with the survival group, the patients in the death group were older, more severe, had higher blood lactic acid (Lac) level, and had more complications such as hypertension and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). A total of 22 related factors were statistically significant: age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, length of hospital stay, Lac, interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen (FIB), international normalized ratio (INR), ratio of prothrombin time (PT) to healthy people, prothrombin activity (PTA), PT, thrombin time (TT), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ratio of AST to alanine amninotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), site of infection, history of hypertension, concurrent MODS, implementation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and treatment with vasoactive drugs. Combined with the results of the univariate analysis, variables that might affect the short-term prognosis of septic patients were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The results showed that APACHE II score ≥ 20 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.106, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.003-1.219], Lac ≥ 5 mmol/L (OR = 1.430, 95%CI was 1.041-1.964), combined with hypertension (OR = 13.879, 95%CI was 1.082-178.016), concurrent MODS (OR = 98.139, 95%CI was 18.252-527.672) was an independent risk factor for 28-day death in adult septic patients (all P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of the four indicators including APACHE II score, Lac, combined with hypertension, concurrent MODS, had predictive value for short-term outcomes in patients with sepsis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was higher than that of the 4 indicators alone [AUC (95%CI): 0.952 (0.918-0.986) vs. 0.745 (0.670-0.820), 0.816 (0.748-0.883), 0.608 (0.518-0.699), 0.868 (0.810-0.927)], the sensitivity was 94.2%, and the specificity was 90.1%. CONCLUSIONS: APACHE II score within 24 hours, Lac, combined with hypertension, and concurrent MODS are independent risk factors for short-term mortality in adult septic patients in ICU. The combination of these indicators can make meaningful early clinical judgments on the short-term prognosis of septic patients, thereby reducing the mortality.
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Hipertensión , Sepsis , Adulto , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Curva ROC , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Pronóstico , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Globisporangium, especially G. sylvaticum, causes devastating root rot, blight, and other diseases in various species of cash crops. To investigate the distribution and host range of G. sylvaticum in Guizhou, a suitable habitat for this pathogen, we collected 156 root-diseased samples, isolated the pathogens, and found that G. sylvaticum is widespread and has eleven host plants, including four novel hosts. Furthermore, to effectively identify G. sylvaticum, we developed a simple and dependable method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which used a primer set designed from the internal transcribed spacer sequences with high specificity and sensitivity of 1 pg/µL. Additionally, to perform field identification, we used the "Plant-LAMP" method with crude DNA extraction to detect the pathogen in 45 root samples from nine species of plants. Our results showed that this method could effectively detect G. sylvaticum in diseased roots. Therefore, our findings not only enrich existing research on the diversity of pathogenic Globisporangium in Guizhou but also present an efficient LAMP field detection method that could significantly contribute to plant disease management and prevention.
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Supramolecular structure of cellulosic materials from microwave treatment were throughly investigated for production of lignin-containing nanocellulose. The results revealed that both the intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds were altered by microwave irradiation. Cellulose Iß was the main component in microwave treated bamboo (MTB) with smaller interplanar spacing, and the cellulose molecules were loosely connected resulting in a loose structure. Thereafter, MTB was used to produce lignin-containing nanocellulose by using oxalic acid dihydrate (OAD) to test the feasibility on its efficiency. The chemical consumed for the preparation of lignin-containing nanocellulose (LCN) with a comparable yield (68.08-82.33 %) from MTB was merely 1/10 that from conventional cellulosic materials, indicating the supramolecular structural changes of bamboo cellulose induced by microwave treatment provided suitable conditions for the subsequent hydrolysis of OAD to prepare LCN. The LCN was further added into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix endowed excellent UV shielding property and thermal stability for the PVA/LCN films. This study was aimed to provide an environmentally friendly method on the production and application of LCN from bamboo by employing microwave treatment from the perspective of supramolecular level.
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Lignina , Microondas , Lignina/química , Celulosa/química , Hidrólisis , Ácido Oxálico , Alcohol Polivinílico/químicaRESUMEN
The contamination status and ecological risk of soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Yellow River Delta (YRD) are still poorly understood. Thirty surface soil samples were collected in YRD, determined for contents of PTEs, and assessed using four kinds of proxies. Results indicated that PTEs contents basically met the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, and spatial heterogeneity of PTEs was not distinctive except for a few sampling sites. Results of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment of As and Sb in YRD. The multivariate analysis results distinguished the possible sources of these PTEs and demonstrated that sources of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn could be influenced by anthropogenic activities (industrial and agricultural sources). Moreover, Ni, Cr and As had relatively high contributions to sum of toxicity units (ΣTUs). This study provides basic information for understanding soil PTEs contamination status of YRD.
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Metales Pesados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Suelo , Ríos , Metales Pesados/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Cadmio/análisis , Plomo/análisis , Medición de Riesgo , ChinaRESUMEN
Lignin-containing bamboo cellulose, fractionated from a pilot-scale microwave liquefaction of bamboo was dissolved in tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAA/DMSO) for the fabrication of highly flexible, transparent and UV-blocking films. Tea polyphenol (TP) or citric acid (CA) was added during the dissolving process in order to modify the film's properties. The results showed that the addition of TP obviously improved the elongation at break (triple that of the control) and UV-blocking ability of the films. Both the addition of TP and CA could increase the water contact angle of the films. The films incorporated with TP and CA were much more thermal stable than previously reported similar films. The proposed film fabrication mechanism revealed that stable hydrogen bonds formed between the lignin-cellulose matrix and TP/CA, resulting in the enhancement on the properties of the films. This present study showed that lignin-containing cellulose with the incorporation of TP/CA had great potential in the preparation of films in place of plastic.
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Celulosa , Lignina , Celulosa/química , Ácido Cítrico , Lignina/química , Polifenoles/química , TéRESUMEN
The chemical composition of essential oils (EO) from bark and leaf of P. zhennan was identified by GC-MS. The compounds of α-calacorene, τ-cadinol, ß-eudesmol and d-cadinene were found in the essential oils from both bark and leaf. The UV-Vis spectra results indicated the EO could completely absorbed the UV light at the wavelength range of 200-370 nm, revealing that EO had great potential as additives for manufacturing UV light blocking products. The radical DPPH scavenging activity assay showed that both the bark and leaf EO possessed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity of 90.25% and 82.10% respectively, which provides an important theoretical guiding in exploiting the value of P. zhennan bark and leaf.[Formula: see text].