Anomalous Antiferromagnetism in Metallic RuO_{2} Determined by Resonant X-ray Scattering.

We studied the magnetic ordering of thin films and bulk crystals of rutile RuO_{2} using resonant x-ray scattering across the Ru L_{2} absorption edge. Combining polarization analysis and azimuthal angle dependence of the magnetic Bragg signal, we have established the presence and characteristic of collinear antiferromagnetism in RuO_{2} with T_{N}>300 K. In addition to revealing a spin-ordered ground state in the simplest ruthenium oxide compound, the persistence of magnetic order even in nanometer-thick films lays the ground for potential applications of RuO_{2} in antiferromagnetic spintronics.

Coalescence and sintering of Pt nanoparticles: in situ observation by aberration-corrected HAADF STEM.

An aberration-corrected JEOL 2200FS scanning-transmission electron microscope (STEM), equipped with a high-angle annular dark-field detector (HAADF), is used to monitor the coalescence and sintering of Pt nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.8 nm. This in situ STEM capability is combined with an analysis methodology that together allows direct measurements of mass transport phenomena that are important in understanding how particle size influences coalescence and sintering at the nanoscale. To demonstrate the feasibility of this methodology, the surface diffusivity is determined from measurements obtained from STEM images acquired during the initial stages of sintering. The measured surface diffusivities are in reasonable agreement with measurements made on the surface of nanoparticles, using other techniques. In addition, the grain boundary mobility is determined from measurements made during the latter stages of sintering.

Thermally-responsive, nonflammable phosphonium ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: operating at 100 degrees celsius.

Rechargeable batteries such as Li ion/Li metal batteries are widely used in the electronics market but the chemical instability of the electrolyte limits their use in more demanding environmental conditions such as in automotive, oil exploration, or mining applications. In this study, a series of alkyl phosphonium ionic liquid electrolyte are described with high thermal stability and solubility for LiTFSI. A lithium metal battery (LMB) containing a tailored phosphonium ionic liquid/LiTFSI electrolyte operates at 100 °C with good specific capacities and cycling stability. Substantial capacity is maintained during 70 cycles or 30 days. Instant on-off battery operation is realized via the significant temperature dependence of the electrolyte material, demonstrating the robustness and potential for use at high temperature.

Glass-like phonon scattering from a spontaneous nanostructure in AgSbTe2.

Materials with very low thermal conductivity are of great interest for both thermoelectric and optical phase-change applications. Synthetic nanostructuring is most promising for suppressing thermal conductivity through phonon scattering, but challenges remain in producing bulk samples. In crystalline AgSbTe2 we show that a spontaneously forming nanostructure leads to a suppression of thermal conductivity to a glass-like level. Our mapping of the phonon mean free paths provides a novel bottom-up microscopic account of thermal conductivity and also reveals intrinsic anisotropies associated with the nanostructure. Ground-state degeneracy in AgSbTe2 leads to the natural formation of nanoscale domains with different orderings on the cation sublattice, and correlated atomic displacements, which efficiently scatter phonons. This mechanism is general and suggests a new avenue for the nanoscale engineering of materials to achieve low thermal conductivities for efficient thermoelectric converters and phase-change memory devices.

Structural study of the T#2-LixCoO2 (0.52 < x < or = 0.72) phase.

The metastable O2-LiCoO(2) phase undergoes several reversible phase transitions upon lithium deintercalation. The first transition leads to an unusual oxygen stacking in such layered compounds. This stacking is found to be stable for 0.52 < x < or = 0.72 in Li(x)()CoO(2) and is called T(#)2. We studied this phase from a structural viewpoint using X-ray and neutron diffraction (ab initio method). The new stacking derives from the O2 one by gliding every second CoO(2) slab by (1/3, 1/6, 0). The lithium ions are found to occupy very distorted tetrahedral sites in this structure. We also discuss the possibility of this T(#)2 phase to exhibit stacking faults, whose amount depends on the method used to prepare this deintercalated phase.