Unpacking the influencing factors of telehealth usage among older consumers.

This research unpacks the challenges and motivations of telehealth usage among older consumers-an understudied population in the extant telehealth literature. Through surveying a sample of older consumers who regularly migrate to winter in the southern areas of the United States, our qualitative analysis uncovers motivations (i.e., convenience, ease of use, efficiency, and a forced option) and challenges (i.e., telehealth limitations, privacy concerns, and lack of trust, access, and skills) of older consumers' telehealth usage. Furthermore, logistic regression identifies attitude toward telehealth, gender, and health status as significant predictors of telehealth usage behavior. Contributions to theory and practice are also discussed.

Identifying consumer segments based on COVID-19 pandemic perceptions and responses.

Consumer responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have varied widely. Thus, marketers need to understand consumer segments based on pandemic-related responses and behaviors. Through two studies conducted 9 months apart, we find that consumers shift from three segments in Study 1-the Apprehensive, the Prepared, and the Dismissive, to two segments in Study 2-the Dedicated and the Dismissive. The Apprehensive feel particularly threatened of the virus. The Prepared and the Dedicated perceive a lower susceptibility but still take the health threat seriously. The Dismissive downplay the threat and exhibit more negative reactions to mitigation measures. We also demonstrate between-segment downstream response differences. While the Apprehensive and the Prepared/Dedicated exhibit positive attitude toward companies enforcing guidelines, the Apprehensive engage in the most panic buying, hoarding, and stockpiling. The Dedicated also express greater stress and less life satisfaction than the Dismissive. The findings offer theoretical and practical implications for pandemic-related consumer responses.

Organelle movement and apical accumulation of secretory vesicles in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana depend on class XI myosins.

F-actin and myosin XI play important roles in plant organelle movement. A few myosin XI genes in the genome of Arabidopsis are mainly expressed in mature pollen, which suggests that they may play a crucial role in pollen germination and pollen tube tip growth. In this study, a genetic complementation assay was conducted in a myosin xi-c (myo11c1) myosin xi-e (myo11c2) double mutant, and fluorescence labeling combined with microscopic observation was applied. We found that myosin XI-E (Myo11C2)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) restored the slow pollen tube growth and seed deficiency phenotypes of the myo11c1 myo11c2 double mutant and Myo11C2-GFP partially colocalized with mitochondria, peroxisomes and Golgi stacks. Furthermore, decreased mitochondrial movement and subapical accumulation were detected in myo11c1 myo11c2 double mutant pollen tubes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that the fluorescence recoveries of GFP-RabA4d and AtPRK1-GFP at the pollen tube tip of the myo11c1 myo11c2 double mutant were lower than those of the wild type were after photobleaching. These results suggest that Myo11C2 may be associated with mitochondria, peroxisomes and Golgi stacks, and play a crucial role in organelle movement and apical accumulation of secretory vesicles in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Identification of a novel susceptibility locus at 16q23.1 associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Han Chinese.

Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several susceptibility loci for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in populations of European descent; only a few loci could be confirmed in Asian populations because of those populations' genetic heterogeneity. To identify genetic factors associated with childhood ALL risk in the Chinese population, we performed a three-stage GWAS of 1184 childhood ALL cases and 3219 non-ALL controls. The combined analysis identified a new locus (rs1121404 in WWOX) at 16q23.1 associated with childhood ALL susceptibility (odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, P = 5.29 × 10-10), especially in the subtype of B-ALL (OR = 1.39, P = 2.47 × 10-9). The functional studies subsequently revealed that the expression of WWOX in ALL bone marrow was significantly lower than that in normal bone marrow. The G allele of rs1121404 displayed significantly decreased levels of mRNA expression of WWOX These results suggest that WWOX plays an important role in the development of childhood ALL and provide new insights into the etiology of childhood ALL.

ß-Glucans: Relationships between Modification, Conformation and Functional Activities.

ß-glucan is a type of polysaccharide which widely exists in bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, and has been well known for its biological activities such as enhancing immunity, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, and wound healing activities. The conformation of ß-glucan plays a crucial role on its biological activities. Therefore, ß-glucans obtained from different sources, while sharing the same basic structures, often show different bioactivities. The basic structure and inter-molecular forces of polysaccharides can be changed by modification, which leads to the conformational transformation in solution that can directly affect bioactivity. In this review, we will first determine different ways to modify ß-glucan molecules including physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods, and then reveal the relationship of the flexible helix form of the molecule chain and the helix conformation to their bioactivities. Last, we summarize the scientific challenges to modifying ß-glucan's conformation and functional activity, and discuss its potential future development.

Biopsychosocial and Retirement Factors Influencing Satisfaction With Life: New Perspectives.

Founded on expectation confirmation theory and a resource perspective, this research examines the impact of retiree resources, retirement planning, conditions of work exit, and confirmation of retirement expectations on satisfaction with life in retirement. The study of 543 retirees found significant effects of retiree resources (i.e., self-efficacy, health, and income), confirmation of retirement expectations, ageism, retirement planning, and conditions of exit on retirees' satisfaction with life. The study also showed that self-efficacy, activity participation, health, income, ageism, and retirement planning significantly impacted confirmation of retirement expectations, although conditions of exit did not significantly affect confirmation of retirement expectations.

Extraction, Purification and Primary Characterization of Polysaccharides from Defatted Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Cakes.

The hot-water extraction, purification and characterization of polysaccharides from defatted peanut cake (PPC) were investigated in this study. A Box-Behnken factorial design (BBD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3). The optimum conditions were 85 °C, 3 h and 20:1 (mL/g) respectively. Regression analysis was done to reveal the experimental results which include 34.97% extraction rate while the value verified under these conditions was 34.49%. The crude PPC was sequentially further purified by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and one purified fraction was obtained. The PPC purified fraction was characterized by FT-IR, HPAEC; SEC-MALLS. The average molecular weight of the PPC purified fraction was 2.383 × 105 Da. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and xylose. The PPC have the typical absorption of polysaccharide.

Health care information seeking and seniors: determinants of Internet use.

While seniors are the most likely population segment to have chronic diseases, they are the least likely to seek information about health and diseases on the Internet. An understanding of factors that impact seniors' usage of the Internet for health care information may provide them with tools needed to improve health. This research examined some of these factors as identified in the comprehensive model of information seeking to find that demographics, trust in health information websites, perceived usefulness of the Internet, and internal locus of control each significantly impact seniors' use of the Internet to seek health information.

Hsa-miR-196a2 polymorphism increases the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Chinese children.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in childhood, and the causes of ALL are not completely understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various biological processes including organ development, cell growth regulation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. We performed a case-control study with 570 childhood ALL cases and 673 cancer-free controls to investigate the association between hsa-miR-196a2 rs11614913 T>C polymorphism and ALL risk. The bioinformatics was used to estimate the potential target of hsa-miR-196a2. In the present study, the hsa-miR-196a2 variant TC heterozygote, and CC/TC genotypes were found to be associated with a significantly increased childhood ALL risk, compared with the TT wild-type homozygote (adjusted OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.15-1.95 for TC and OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.09-1.79 for CC/TC). Further, the difference was pronounced in younger (≤6) subjects or parental non-drinker. The significance of the increased risk is more obvious than the higher treatment branch. Additionally, we found that the rs11614913 TC genotype can increase B-phenotype ALL risk (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.07-1.76). Finally, combination of three bioinformatics approaches revealed that HOXC8 may be the target gene of hsa-miR-196a2. Taken together, our finding suggested that hsa-miR-196a2 rs11614913 T>C may increase the risk of childhood ALL. Large studies with the function of hsa-miR-196a2 are needed in the further study.

TERT polymorphisms modify the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Chinese children.

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is essential for the maintenance of telomere DNA length, chromosomal stability and cellular immortality. We hypothesized that TERT polymorphisms are associated with risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We first conducted a case-control study of 570 ALL cases and 673 cancer-free controls of Chinese children, using the tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) approach. We then examined the functionality of the important SNPs. We found that TERT promoter region tSNP (rs2735940) and two intron region tSNPs (rs2736100 and rs10069690) were associated with risk of childhood ALL (P = 0.036, 0.011 and 0.022, respectively, in allele comparison). The in vitro luciferase assays in Jurkat cells showed an increased transcriptional activity of rs2735940 T allele compared with the C allele. Additional experiments with ALL bone marrow revealed that the rs2735940 T allele increased levels of the TERT messenger RNA. Notably, TERT intron 2 polymorphism (rs2736100) was associated with lower telomerase activity and longer telomeres. Our findings suggested that TERT promoter rs2735940 polymorphism may affect the TERT activity, and rs2736100 may be associated with telomere function, and thus, it is a potential biomarker for genetic susceptibility to ALL in Chinese children.

MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 39 case-control studies.

Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene encodes the ATP-dependent cellular efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) which efflux of a variety of substances across the membrane. P-gp could serve a role in cancer etiology based on its physiological role of protecting cells from xenobiotics or metabolites. The C3435T (rs1045642) polymorphism of the MDR1 gene which could influence the P-gp expression and function have been implicated in the cancer risk. However, the results from the published studies on the association between this polymorphism and cancer risk are conflicting. To drive a more precise estimation of this association, we performed a meta-analysis of 39 case-control studies, including a total of 9,265 cancer cases and 13,502 controls. We used odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Overall, individuals with the MDR1 3435TT genotype were associated with an increased cancer risk than those with the CC (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.51) or CT/CC (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34) genotypes, similar to the CT or CT/TT compared with the CC genotype. In the stratified analyses, the increased risks were more pounced among hematologic malignances (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.46, P (heterogeneity) = 0.415), breast cancer (1.42, 1.04-1.94, 0.018), renal cancer (1.77, 1.28-2.46, 0.307), Caucasians (1.21, 1.07-1.38, 0.000) and population-based studies (1.20, 1.05-1.36, 0.000) in a dominant model. The results suggested that the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism may contribute to cancer risk.

Novel Approach for Simultaneous Analysis of Peptide Metabolites from Orally Administered Glycinin in Rat Bloodstream by Coumarin-Tagged MALDI-MS.

The lack of an appropriate analytical approach characterizing metabolites from dietary proteins may prevent further studies that could clarify their health benefits. In this study, we attempted to establish a novel analytical assay of peptide metabolites from glycinin using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), in combination with the amine derivatization technique with coumarin (Cou). Cou (30 mmol/L) derivatization of peptides under rapid (30 min) and mild (25 °C, pH 8.5) conditions caused higher MS detection of the peptides as compared to nonderivatized peptides. In addition, an MS shift of the target by Cou derivatization (+202.0 m/z) can help to easily discriminate peptide metabolites in glycinin-administered blood, by comparing the MALDI-MS spectra of Cou-derivatized plasma with those of preadministered blood. After the oral administration of glycinin (100 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats, 15 di- to tetrapeptides were successfully characterized as glycinin-derived metabolites, demonstrating that the proposed Cou-tagged MALDI-MS is an appropriate characterization technique for peptide metabolites.

Comparative Evaluation of Key Aroma-Active Compounds in Sweet Osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) with Different Enzymatic Treatments.

Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) (OF) is one of the ten most famous flowers in China for its unique and delicate fragrance. A combined solid-phase microextraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation method was used to accurately capture the overall aromatic profile and characterize the predominant odorants of fresh osmanthus with the help of gas chromatography (GC)-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional GC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QTOF-MS). Twenty-six volatiles were identified for the first time in OF. A total of 23 potent odorants, dominated by monoterpene oxides and C6 aliphatic aldehydes, were identified. The efficacy of pectinase, ß-glucosidase, and their combination on the aroma enhancement of OF was evaluated by quantitation of the target aroma components using GC-triple quadrupole-MS. The total concentration of key aroma components increased in all three enzyme treatment groups, and the increase was more significant in two ß-glucosidase-treated groups. Changes in odor activity values and odor spectrum values of key odorants indicated that the pectinase-treated sample had more prominent floral, green, and potato-like scents. In contrast, the ß-glucosidase-treated sample had more dominant floral, woody, almond-like, and fruity notes but less green odor, which was confirmed by sensory evaluation. ß-Glucosidase and pectinase complement one another very well, and together, promote a remarkable aroma enhancement in OF.

Identification of peptides in blood following oral administration of ß-conglycinin to Wistar rats.

In this study, ß-conglycinin (100 mg/kg) was orally administered to Wistar rats in order to identify peptides that may be derived from the protein in the blood. Plasma samples taken from the tail vein up to 8 h after administration were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and liquid chromatography-time-of-flight (LC-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). In total, 126 signals were detected by MALDI-MS. Among the signals, nine oligopeptides (SEL, KGPL, SILGA, DSEL, GDANI, SYFV, CLQSC, GEQPRPF, and LVINEGDA) were successfully identified as ß-conglycinin-derived peptides by LC-TOF/MS at a plasma concentration of 0.75-756 pmol/mL. The results demonstrated that ß-conglycinin could be the dietary source protein for the oligopeptides produced prior to entering the circulating bloodstream of rats.

Profiling of organosulfur compounds and amino acids in garlic from different regions of China.

The quality of garlic is mainly attributed to organosulfur compounds that are the secondary metabolites of certain amino acids. Herein, a sensitive and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of 7 organosulfur compounds and 21 amino acids using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Then the levels of these 28 compounds and allicin in garlic among 242 samples from 6 provinces in China were profiled with multivariate data analysis. The results showed that garlic was rich in organosulfur compounds and could be a good supplement for amino acids. Contents of 29 compounds varied greatly among the provinces. The multivariate data analysis demonstrated two major groups for all samples, indicating that the location has a significant influence on the metabolism of garlic. Besides, the compositional differences of garlic from 6 provinces and correlations for growing conditions and contents of components were also analyzed.

[Quantification of PML/RAR alpha fusion gene transcripts in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia by using real-time quantitative PCR].

OBJECTIVE: To establish and evaluate a real time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) method for detection and quantification the PML/RAR alpha fusion gene transcripts in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). METHODS: Three pairs of primers and TaqMan probe were designed for detecting the most frequent PML/RAR alpha transcripts (L-form, S-form and V-form) and normal ABL was used as an internal control. A real time PCR condition was established to detect PML/RAR alpha and ABL positive templates with a series of dilutions. To evaluate this assay, bone marrow samples from 6 APL patients were detected. RESULTS: In repeated tests, maximal sensitivities of 10 copies/microL were obtained, while reproducible maximal sensitivity achieved 100 copies/microL. In 10 normal controls, no amplified fluorescent signals were detected. The median absolute and normalized amount of PML/RAR alpha fusion gene transcripts were 4.27 x 10(3)-3.36 x 10(5) copies/50 ng (median 4.33 x 10(4)copies/50 ng) and 29.38%-600.53% (median 48.12%) respectively. One case showed significant decrease of PML/RAR alpha fusion gene transcripts after induction therapy compared to that at the time of diagnosis, while the fusion transcripts significantly increased after relapsed. CONCLUSION: RQ-PCR is a sensitive, reliable quantitative assay and can be used in the diagnosis of APL and measurement of MRD.

Rheological characteristics and chain conformation of mannans obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mannans were extracted from S. cerevisiae, the rheological properties of mannan solutions were important in many industrial applications. In this paper, effects of mannans concentration, solution temperature, pH, salts and their concentrations on apparent viscosity were investigated. The conformational parameters of yeast mannans were determined by SEC-MALS-RI-DP. The Higiro's 1 and Higiro's 2 plots were obtained by capillary viscometry gave an intrinsic viscosity of 0.166 and 0.131dl/g. The yeast mannans solution showed Newtonian flow behavior at all the tested concentrations. The apparent viscosity of yeast mannans solution decreased continuously with the temperature increase (25°C-85°C) at a given shear rate. The viscosity did not change within the pH values of 4.0-10.0, however, it increased when the pH decreased from 4.0 to 2.0. The viscosity decreased with addition of CaCl2 up to 10mM and remained constant above this concentration. The conformational parameters (derived from [η] vs Mw and Rg vs Mw) showed yeast mannans existed as a sphere-like shape with many shorter branches. The special flow behavior and conformation of yeast mannans may make it preferable polysaccharide in food industry.

Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism contributes to acute lymphoblastic leukemia susceptibility in Chinese children.

A polymorphism rs4938723 (T > C) within the promoter region of pri-miR-34b/c has been found to not only affect the expression of mature miR-34b/c but also contribute to the susceptibility to several cancer types. We designed a case-control study to evaluate the role of rs4938723 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The rs4938723 CC genotype was significantly associated with reduced ALL risk (p = 0.003, ORadjusted = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.33-0.80 for CC vs. TT). Stratification analyses showed the differences were pronounced in older (> 6 years), male subjects, as well as in patients in low risk and T-ALL subtypes. The in vitro luciferase assays in Jurkat and K-562 cell lines showed that the transcription activity of miR-34b/c was increased when T allele transited to C allele (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rs4938723 genetic variant contributed to the susceptibility to Chinese childhood ALL by influencing the transcription activity of miR-34b/c promoter.

The circular F-actin bundles provide a track for turnaround and bidirectional movement of mitochondria in Arabidopsis root hair.

BACKGROUND: The movement of organelles in root hairs primarily occurs along the actin cytoskeleton. Circulation and "reverse fountain" cytoplasmic streaming constitute the typical forms by which most organelles (such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus) in plant root hair cells engage in bidirectional movement. However, there remains a lack of in-depth research regarding the relationship between the distribution of the actin cytoskeleton and turnaround organelle movement in plant root hair cells. RESULTS: In this paper, Arabidopsis seedlings that had been stably transformed with a GFP-ABD2-GFP (green fluorescent protein-actin-binding domain 2-green fluorescent protein) construct were utilized to study the distribution of bundles of filamentous (F)-actin and the directed motion of mitochondria along these bundles in root hairs. Observations with a confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that there were widespread circular F-actin bundles in the epidermal cells and root hairs of Arabidopsis roots. In root hairs, these circular bundles primarily start at the sub-apical region, which is the location where the turnaround movement of organelles occurs. MitoTracker probes were used to label mitochondria, and the dynamic observation of root hair cells with a confocal laser scanning microscope indicated that turnaround mitochondrial movement occurred along circular F-actin bundles. CONCLUSIONS: Relevant experimental results demonstrated that the circular F-actin bundles provide a track for the turnaround and bidirectional movement of mitochondria.

Seniors, health information, and the Internet: motivation, ability, and Internet knowledge.

Providing health information to older adults is crucial to empowering them to better control their health, and the information is readily available on the Internet. Yet, little is known about the factors that are important in affecting seniors' Internet search for health information behavior. This work addresses this research deficit by examining the role of health information orientation (HIO), eHealth literacy, and Internet knowledge (IK) in affecting the likelihood of using the Internet as a source for health information. The analysis reveals that each variable in the study is significant in affecting Internet search likelihood. Results from the analysis also demonstrate the partial mediating role of eHealth literacy and the interaction between eHealth literacy and HIO. The findings suggest that improving seniors' IK and eHealth literacy would increase their likelihood of searching for and finding health information on the Internet that might encourage better health behaviors.