Disseminated Cryptococcal Infection in Treatment-Naive Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

This case report highlights a rare occurrence of disseminated cryptococcal infection in an elderly male with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite lacking prior treatment for CLL, the patient presented with respiratory symptoms and was found to have Cryptococcus neoformans in blood cultures. Prompt initiation of antifungal therapy was crucial, although central nervous system involvement was absent. The case underscores the importance of considering fungal infections in CLL patients, emphasizing the immunological vulnerabilities associated with the disease. Heightened awareness and early management are essential in addressing such opportunistic infections in this patient population.

A Rectal Sunflower Seed Bezoar Causing Fecal Impaction in a Healthy Young Woman.

Bezoars, characterized by undigested or partially digested foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, are a rare condition associated with significant complications. We present a case of a 31-year-old woman who sought medical attention due to weight loss, diarrhea, and anorectal pain. Upon investigation, she was diagnosed with fecal impaction caused by a rectal sunflower seed bezoar. The patient had a history of regular sunflower seed consumption, suggesting a potential association with the development of the bezoar. Fecal impaction resulting from the bezoar led to chronic constipation, contributing to the patient's weight loss and anorectal discomfort. Imaging studies, including abdominal X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans, played a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis by identifying the presence of the bezoar within the rectum. Management involved a multidisciplinary approach, with gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons. A flexible endoscope was utilized to visualize and remove the sunflower seed bezoar under direct vision, providing immediate relief from the symptoms. This case emphasizes the importance of considering bezoars as a potential cause of GI symptoms, even in young and otherwise healthy individuals. Although rectal bezoars are relatively rare, they can lead to significant morbidity. Therefore, it is essential to include them in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with fecal impaction, anorectal pain, and associated symptoms. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate imaging, and early intervention are crucial for the successful management and prevention of potential complications and the improvement of patient outcomes.

A Colocalized Hepatitis C Virus Clinic in a Primary Care Practice Improves Linkage to Care in a High Prevalence Population.

BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need to increase patient access to treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We developed a colocalized HCV clinic integrated within a primary care practice. We report the prevalence of HCV and evaluate the impact of the integrated clinic on the HCV cascade of care. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients with chronic HCV infection from 2 clinic practices, an integrated clinic practice and a similar nonintegrated clinic practice, between July 2015 and July 2016. Demographic, clinical, and HCV testing data were reviewed to estimate the prevalence of chronic HCV and to construct a cascade of care. RESULTS: A total of 8405 primary care patients were included; 4796 (57.1%) received an HCV antibody test and 390 (8.1%) were positive. A total of 310 patients with chronic HCV were included in the analysis. There were 119 patients eligible for linkage to care in the nonintegrated clinic, of which 80 (67.2%) were referred, 38 (31.9%) were linked, and 18 (15.1%) initiated treatment during the study period. Among the 70 patients eligible for linkage to care in the integrated clinic practice, 51 (72.9%) were referred, 38 (54.3%) were linked, and 16 (22.9%) initiated treatment. In a multivariable analysis, patients in the integrated clinic practice had significantly higher odds of being linked to care than patients in the nonintegrated clinic practice (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-4.8). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high seroprevalence of chronic HCV within our clinic population and demonstrate that a HCV clinic integrated into a primary care center increases linkage to care for patients with chronic HCV.

Implementing a Comprehensive HCV Clinic within an HIV Clinic: A Model of Care for HCV Micro-elimination.

BACKGROUND: Among the 1.2 M persons living with HIV in the United States, 25% are co- infected with HCV. The availability of effective direct antiviral agents (DAAs) makes the goal of HCV elimination feasible, but implementation requires improvements to the HCV treatment cascade, especially linkage to and initiation of treatment in underserved populations. METHODS: In this retrospective review, a cohort of patients receiving care at a hospital-based HIV clinic in New Haven, CT (1/1/2014-3/31/2017) with chronic HCV infection not previously treated with DAAs were followed longitudinally. Patients were referred to a co-located multi-disciplinary team. Standardized referral and treatment algorithms, electronic medical record templates were developed; monthly meetings were held; a registry was created to review progress. RESULTS: Of 173 patients, 140 (80.9%) were 50-70 years old; 115 (66.5%) male; 99 (57.2%) African-American, 43 (24.9%) White, 23 (13.3%) Hispanic. Comorbidities included: cirrhosis (25.4%); kidney disease (17.3%) mental health issues (60.7%); alcohol abuse (30.6%); active drug use (54.3%). Overall, 161 (93.1%) were referred, 147 (85%) linked, 122 (70.5%) prescribed DAAs, 97 (56.1%) had SVR12. Comparison between those with SVR12 and those unsuccessfully referred, linked or treated, showed that among those not-engaged in HCV care, there was a higher proportion of younger (mean age 54.2 vs 57 years old, p=0.022), female patients (p= 0.001) and a higher frequency of missed appointments. CONCLUSIONS: Establishing a co-located HCV clinic within an HIV clinic resulted in treatment initiation in 70.5% and SVR12 in 56.1%. This success in a hard-to-treat population is a model for achieving WHO micro-elimination goals.

Goodpasture's Disease: An Uncommon Disease With an Atypical Clinical Course.

Goodpasture's disease is an uncommon composite of features including renal failure with pulmonary hemorrhage secondary to an autoimmune response that specifically targets these organ systems. We present a case of particular interest in regards to atypical presentation, and the uncommon treatment that the patient underwent. A 65-year-old Afghani female arrived with complaints of nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, malaise, decreased urine output, exertional dyspnea, and cough. The patient presented initially with renal failure and unexpectedly developed respiratory failure after hemodialysis. Initial CT of thorax revealed diffuse bilateral pulmonary edema. Subsequently, the patient received a bronchoscopy demonstrating alveolar hemorrhage, which highlights a clinician's need to maintain a differential and reassess patients. Anti-GBM antibody in the serum was detected and the renal biopsy revealed evidence of the antibody on immunofluorescence. In regards to management, the patient could only be treated with plasmapheresis as she had contraindication to initiation of immunosuppression, after which she showed significant clinical improvement. We would like to highlight the benefit of plasmapheresis without concomitant immunosuppression and recommend such an approach to be considered in similar clinical scenarios, where contraindication for immunosuppressant therapy exists.

A Case Report of Acute Esotropia in a Young Woman following Heroin Withdrawal.

Introduction. Esotropia is a form of strabismus that can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. Acute onset of esotropia is an uncommon form; in the vast majority of cases, no underlying neurological etiology is found. Case Presentation. A 22-year-old female with a long history of opiate abuse presented with acute onset of diplopia. She noted her eyes were crossing and started seeing double. She stopped using heroin 11 days prior to presentation. There was large inward deviation of her left eye. Convergence was difficult and accompanied by horizontal nystagmus. Diplopia resolved by covering each eye. Further investigations including imaging studies were normal. Discussion. Acute onset esotropia is rare and must be investigated right away to exclude central nervous system pathologies, where no opiates use is reported. Diplopia in the form of acute esotropia may manifest in up to 30% of individuals undergoing heroin withdrawal. Evaluating acute esotropia requires detailed information of medical history with an emphasis on drug use. Conclusion. Acute onset esotropia with double vision can be caused by abrupt withdrawal of opiates. This case should serve to raise awareness among health care professionals, to avoid costly and unnecessary diagnostic evaluations and interventions.

The Chikungunya Epidemic: A look at five cases.

Chikungunya is an infection caused by the Chikungunya virus and transmitted by the bite of infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of Chikungunya virus infection are fever, joint pain or rash. Chikungunya virus outbreaks had been identified in countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In late 2013, the first local transmission of Chikungunya virus in the Americas was identified in Caribbean countries and territories. Chikungunya virus disease became a nationally notifiable condition in 2015. There is a threat that Chikungunya will continue to spread to new areas in the Americas. We describe 5 patients who presented to our hospital with Chikungunya infection, shortly after returning from endemic areas. Fever and travel history to endemic areas were documented in all of our cases. Skin rash, arthralgia and contact history were also reported by these patients. Persons with suspected Chikungunya infection should be counseled to avoid mosquito bites during illness to decrease the risk of local transmission. The transmitting mosquitos are present in the US, and limiting the viral spread is essential. In this report, we describe the clinical presentation, risk factors and laboratory tests of each patient, and attempt to ensure awareness on the risk of potential spread of the disease.

A case report on a rare disease: dyskeratosis congenita.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition (11-fold increase compared to general population), ectodermal dysplasia (nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia, and abnormal skin pigmentation) and other additional somatic abnormalities. A 22-year-old man presented with fever, chills, and a painful throat. Leukoplakia was noted on his tongue and some of his fingers and toe nails were markedly dystrophic. His skin seemed spotted with pigmentation on the anterior chest and neck. Patient reported family history of "blood disease" and leukemia. He was admitted for the management of neutropenic fever (102.9 °F, WBC: 940, ANC: 404, platelets: 21,000 and Hb: 9.2), and was put on broad spectrum antibiotics. A bone marrow biopsy revealed normocellular marrow with erythroid predominance and mild dyserythropoiesis. Chromosomal analysis indicated no numerical or structural chromosomal abnormalities. The fluorescence in situ hybridization report did not reveal any assay specific abnormalities. Viral marker for hepatitis and studies of autoimmune antibodies showed negative results. CT scan had shown splenomegaly. Patient was discharged after he has been fever and symptoms free, with a follow-up at hematology clinic. Individuals with DC most commonly present with skin pigmentation, dystrophic nails and leukoplakia, as presented in this case. Genetic abnormality was not confirmed in our patient, but it is suggested that X-linked recessive pattern would be significant because of greater prevalence in men than in women (10:1). The distribution of blood counts and bone marrow biopsy categorizes our patient in the moderate aplastic anemia class which is the most prevalent pattern. When fever in young patients with a failing bone marrow is diagnosed, it is important that physicians rule out the possible underlying causes. DC is a rare disease, but can be diagnosed by simple inspection of the mucocutaneous abnormalities. DC is a severe multisystem disorder associated with premature morbidity and mortality. We believe that reporting this case would add more information to the existing fund of knowledge.