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BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of single-balloon enteroscopy endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (SBE-ERC) for the treatment of biliary obstruction and to analyze the factors affecting the recurrence of benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after SBE-ERC treatment. METHODS: The clinical data of patients with biliary diseases treated with SBE-ERC after choledochojejunostomy in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively for the success rates of diagnosis and treatment and the incidence of complications. Patients who were diagnosed with benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture were followed up. The independent factors affecting recurrence were obtained by univariate and multivariate analyses using the KaplanâMeier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: A total of 289 SBE-ERCs were performed in 165 patients. The overall success rate was 83.0% (240/289). The incidence of postoperative complications was 5.2% (15/289). The 108 successfully treated patients diagnosed with benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture were followed up. Twenty-six percent (29/108) of patients had recurrent stricture after SBE-ERC. The biliary patency rates at 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after SBE-ERC were 90.1%, 69.3%, and 53.9%, respectively. Single-factor analysis revealed the absence of intrahepatic biliary gas imaging during endoscopy ( χ 2 =5.366, P = 0.021), a diameter of balloon dilatation during the last endoscopic treatment less than 0.8 cm ( χ 2 =4.552, P = 0.033), and the presence of a thread in the anastomosis ( χ 2 =8.921, P = 0.003) as risk factors for recurrence. A non-indwelling biliary plastic stent ( χ 2 =14.868, P < 0.001) and undergoing only one ERCP treatment ( χ 2 =13.313, P = 0.001) were risk factors for the recurrence of benign stricture after SBE-ERC resection. Multivariate analysis revealed that the absence of a stent (HR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.06-0.40, P = 0.001), absence of intrahepatic biliary gas imaging during endoscopy (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17-0.91, P = 0.03) and the presence of a thread in the anastomosis (HR = 3.69, 95% CI 1.59-8.57, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for stricture recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Treating biliary disease after choledochojejunostomy with SBE-ERC is safe and effective, with a good immediate technical success rate and an acceptable incidence of complications. SBE-ERC has long-term efficacy in the treatment of benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture. The absence of intrahepatic biliary gas imaging during endoscopy, non-indwelling biliary stents and the existence of anastomotic threads are independent risk factors for the recurrence of benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture.
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BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignant cancer in the biliary system with poor prognosis. XPO1 (chromosome region maintenance 1 or CRM1) mediates the nuclear export of several proteins, mainly tumor suppressors. Thus, XPO1 functions as a pro-oncogenic factor. KPT-330 (Selinexor) is a United States Food and Drug Administration approved selective inhibitor of XPO1 that demonstrates good therapeutic effects in hematologic cancers. However, the function of XPO1 and the effect of KPT-330 have not been reported in GBC. METHODS: We analyzed the correlation between XPO1 expression levels by q-PCR and clinical features of GBC patients. Cell proliferation assays were used to analyze the in vitro antitumor effects of XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330. mRNA sequencing was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Western blot was performed to explore the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy. The in vivo antitumor effect of KPT-330 was investigated in a nude mouse model of gallbladder cancer. RESULTS: We found that high expression of XPO1 was related to poor prognosis of GBC patients. We observed that XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 inhibited the proliferation of GBC cells in vitro. Furthermore, XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 induced apoptosis by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential and triggering autophagy in NOZ and GBC-SD cells. Indeed, XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 led to nuclear accumulation of p53 and activated the p53/mTOR pathway to regulate autophagy-dependent apoptosis. Importantly, KPT-330 suppressed tumor growth with no obvious toxic effects in vivo. CONCLUSION: XPO1 may be a promising prognostic indicator for GBC, and KPT-330 appears to be a potential drug for treating GBC effectively and safely.
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Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar , Carioferinas/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis , Autofagia , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , Hidrazinas , Carioferinas/genética , Ratones , ARN Mensajero , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Triazoles , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína Exportina 1RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence has shown that miR-1275 plays a critical role in tumour metastasis and the progression of various types of cancer. In this study, we analysed the role and mechanism of miR-1275 in the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Target genes of miR-1275 were identified and verified by luciferase assay and Western blotting. The function of miR-1275 in invasion and metastasis was analysed in vitro and in vivo in nude mice. The signal pathway regulated by miR-1275 was examined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. The expression of miR-1275and JAZF1 were measured in specimens of GC and adjacent non cancerous tissues. RESULTS: We identified JAZF1 as a direct miR-1275 target. miR-1275 supresses migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and in vivo, which was restored by JAZF1 overexpression. Moreover, JAZF1 was recognized as a direct regulator of Vimentin. Knocking-down miR-1275 or overexpressing JAZF1 resulted in upregulation of Vimentin but downregulation of E-cadherin. Meanwhile, we validated in 120 GC patients specimens that low miR-1275expression and high JAZF1 mRNA expression levels were closely associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. The expression of JAZF1 in protein level displayed the correlations with Vimentin but inversely with E-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS: Increased miR-1275 expression inhibited GC metastasis by regulating vimentin/E-cadherin via direct suppression of JAZF1expression, suggesting that miR-1275 is a tumour-suppressor miRNA with the potential as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in GC.
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Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular , Proteínas Co-Represoras/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Vimentina/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Co-Represoras/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , TransfecciónRESUMEN
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in the development and progression of many cancers; however, the contributions of lncRNAs to human gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify a group of differentially expressed lncRNAs in human GBC tissues, including prognosis-associated gallbladder cancer lncRNA (lncRNA-PAGBC), which we find to be an independent prognostic marker in GBC Functional analysis indicates that lncRNA-PAGBC promotes tumour growth and metastasis of GBC cells. More importantly, as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), lncRNA-PAGBC competitively binds to the tumour suppressive microRNAs miR-133b and miR-511. This competitive role of lncRNA-PAGBC is required for its ability to promote tumour growth and metastasis and to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, lncRNA-PAGBC interacts with polyadenylate binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) and is stabilized by this interaction. This work provides novel insight on the molecular pathogenesis of GBC.
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Carcinogénesis/genética , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/genética , Vesícula Biliar/fisiopatología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Pronóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive and highly lethal biliary tract malignancy, with extremely poor prognosis. In the present study, we analyzed the potential involvement of MYBL2, a member of the Myb transcription factor family, in the carcinogenesis of human GBC. METHODS: MYBL2 expression levels were measured in GBC and cholecystitis tissue specimens using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. The effects of MYBL2 on cell proliferation and DNA synthesis were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8), colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) retention assay, flow cytometry analysis, western blot, and a xenograft model of GBC cells in nude mice. RESULTS: MYBL2 expression was increased in GBC tissues and associated with histological differentiation, tumour invasion, clinical stage and unfavourable overall survival in GBC patients. The downregulation of MYBL2 expression resulted in the inhibition of GBC cell proliferation, and DNA replication in vitro, and the growth of xenografted tumours in nude mice. Conversely, MYBL2 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS: MYBL2 overexpression promotes GBC cell proliferation through the regulation of the cell cycle at the S and G2/M phase transitions. Thus, MYBL2 could serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in GBC patients.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/biosíntesis , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biosíntesis , Transactivadores/biosíntesis , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
We would like to change the Affiliation addresses on Page 13235 of paper [1], [...].
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BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its prognosis remains poor, with 5-year survival of approximately 5%. In this study, we analyzed the involvement of a novel proteoglycan, Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1), in the tumor progression and prognosis of human GBC. METHODS: SPOCK1 expression levels were measured in fresh samples and stored specimens of GBC and adjacent nontumor tissues. The effect of SPOCK1 on cell growth, DNA replication, migration and invasion were explored by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, EdU retention assay, wound healing, and transwell migration assays, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting, and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. RESULTS: SPOCK1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in human GBC tissues compared with those in nontumor tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that SPOCK1 levels were increased in tumors that became metastatic, compared with those that did not, which was significantly associated with histological differentiation and patients with shorter overall survival periods. Knockdown of SPOCK1 expression by lentivirus-mediated shRNA transduction resulted in significant inhibition of GBC cell growth, colony formation, DNA replication, and invasion in vitro. The knockdown cells also formed smaller xenografted tumors than control GBC cells in nude mice. Overexpression of SPOCK1 had the opposite effects. In addition, SPOCK1 promoted cancer cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the expression of relevant genes. We found that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway was involved in the oncogenic functions of SPOCK1 in GBC. CONCLUSIONS: SPOCK1 activates PI3K/Akt signaling to block apoptosis and promote proliferation and metastasis by GBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Levels of SPOCK1 increase with the progression of human GBC. SPOCK1 acts as an oncogene and may be a prognostic factor or therapeutic target for patients with GBC.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/genética , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Proteoglicanos/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Apoptosis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Replicación del ADN/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Survival after surgery for gallbladder cancer is generally poor. A number of inflammation-based prognostic scores have been established to help predict survival after surgery for several types of cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the utility of two inflammation-based prognostic scores, the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), for predicting survival in patients with gallbladder cancer after surgery with curative intent. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 85 patients with histologically confirmed, resectable gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), who were to receive curative surgery in our department. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables to overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A significant difference was detected in OS in patients with low and high GPS and NLR scores. Univariate analyses using clinicopathological characteristics revealed that tumor differentiation; tumor invasion; lymph node metastasis; tumor, node, metastasis classification system stage; positive margin status; combined common bile duct resection; serum levels of C-reactive protein, albumin, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA125; white blood cell count; and GPS and NLR were all associated with OS. Among these characteristics, multivariate analysis demonstrated that a high GPS was independently associated with poorer OS, together with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and positive margin status. CONCLUSIONS: GPS is superior to NLR with respect to its prognostic value for patients with GBC after surgery with curative intent. GPS is not only associated with tumor progression but is also an independent marker of poor prognosis.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Anciano , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Antígeno CA-19-9/sangre , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/sangre , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/sangre , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/cirugía , Humanos , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/mortalidad , Linfocitos/patología , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neutrófilos/patología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Bufalin, a major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of the Chinese medicine Chan Su, has been shown to exert a potential for anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines in vitro. However, no detailed studies have so far been reported on its action on human gallbladder carcinoma cells. In this study, bufalin remarkably inhibited growth in human gallbladder cancer cells by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Bufalin also disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and regulated the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory molecules. Activation of caspase-9 and the subsequent activation of caspase-3 indicated that bufalin may be inducing mitochondria apoptosis pathways. Intraperitoneal injection of bufalin for 3 weeks significantly inhibited the growth of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC-SD) xenografts in athymic nude mice. Taken together, the results indicate that bufalin may be a potential agent for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bufanólidos/farmacología , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Animales , Western Blotting , Caspasas/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ursolic acid (UA), a plant extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits potential anticancer effects in various human cancer cell lines in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-tumoral properties of UA against gallbladder carcinoma and investigated the potential mechanisms responsible for its effects on proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. METHODS: The anti-tumor activity of UA against GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells was assessed using MTT and colony formation assays. An annexin V/PI double-staining assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. Cell cycle changes were detected using flow cytometry. Rhodamine 123 staining was used to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and validate UA's ability to induce apoptosis in both cell lines. The effectiveness of UA in gallbladder cancer was further verified in vivo by establishing a xenograft GBC model in nude mice. Finally, the expression levels of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS: Our results suggest that UA can significantly inhibit the growth of gallbladder cancer cells. MTT and colony formation assays indicated dose-dependent decreases in cell proliferation. S-phase arrest was observed in both cell lines after treatment with UA. Annexin V/PI staining suggested that UA induced both early and late phases of apoptosis. UA also decreased ΔΨm and altered the expression of molecules regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis. In vivo study showed intraperitoneally injection of UA can significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumor in nude mice and the inhibition efficiency is dose related. Activation of caspase-3,-9 and PARP indicated that mitochondrial pathways may be involved in UA-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that UA exhibits significant anti-tumor effects by suppressing cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and inducing 7cell cycle arrest both in vitro and in vivo. It may be a potential agent for treating gallbladder cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Coagulation and fibrinolysis activation is frequently observed in cancer patients, and the tumors in these cases are thought to be associated with a higher risk of invasion, metastasis, and worse long-term outcome. The objective of this study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of blood coagulation tests and various clinicopathological characteristics in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) after surgical resection. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 115 patients with histologically confirmed GBC who underwent surgical resection in our department. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen levels, and platelet counts were measured pretreatment at the time of diagnosis. The predictive value of fibrinogen levels for tumor staging was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Correlations between the preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with overall survival (OS). Cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro were examined to investigate the function of fibrinogen in GBC cell migration. RESULTS: The plasma levels for all coagulation tests, with the exception of INR, were significantly different between the GBC patients and control patients (p < 0.001). Hyperfibrinogenemia (>402 mg/dL) was associated with poorly differentiated tumors, advanced tumor invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and advanced tumor stage (p < 0.001), and had a statistically significant adverse effect on survival (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, hyperfibrinogenemia (p = 0.031) was independently associated with worse OS, tumor stage (p = 0.016), margin status (p < 0.001), and lymphatic metastasis (p = 0.035). Moreover, cell migration and invasion in vitro were significantly enhanced by fibrinogen. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels was associated with tumor progression and may be an independent marker of poor prognosis in GBC patients. Furthermore, fibrinogen may contribute to cell migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Fibrinógenos Anormales/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/sangre , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Línea Celular Tumoral , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/cirugía , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and is associated with a very poor outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oxymatrine (OM) on gallbladder cancer cells and the possible mechanism of its effects. The effects of OM on the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells (GBC-SD and SGC-996) were investigated using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining was performed to investigate whether OM could induce apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were evaluated to identify a mechanism for the effects of OM. In addition, the RNA expression of relevant genes was measured by qRT-PCR using the SYBR Green method. Finally, a subcutaneous implantation model was used to verify the effects of OM on tumor growth in vivo. We found that OM inhibited the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells. In addition, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining showed that OM induced apoptosis after 48 h and the ΔΨm decreased in a dose-dependent manner after OM treatment. Moreover, the activation of caspase-3 and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 and nuclear factor κB were observed in OM-treated cells. Finally, OM potently inhibited in-vivo tumor growth following subcutaneous inoculation of SGC-996 cells in nude mice. In conclusion, OM treatment reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells, which suggests that this drug may serve as a novel candidate for adjuvant treatment in patients with gallbladder cancer.
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Alcaloides/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Quinolizinas/farmacología , Alcaloides/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Desnudos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Quinolizinas/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, with a very low 5-year survival rate and extremely poor prognosis. Thus, new effective treatments and drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of this malignancy. In this study, for the first time we investigated the effects of triptolide on gallbladder cancer cells and identified the mechanisms underlying its potential anticancer effects. The MTT assay showed that triptolide decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results of the colony formation assay indicated that triptolide strongly suppressed colony formation ability in GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that triptolide induced S phase arrest in gallbladder cancer cells. In addition, triptolide induced apoptosis, as shown by the results of annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining and Hoechst 33342 staining. Furthermore, triptolide decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, western blot analysis of triptolide-treated cells revealed the activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP, and Bcl-2; this result demonstrated that triptolide induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and suggests that triptolide may be a promising drug to treat gallbladder carcinoma.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos/química , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenantrenos/química , Fase S/efectos de los fármacos , Caspasa 3/biosíntesis , Caspasa 9/biosíntesis , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Diterpenos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Epoxi/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Epoxi/química , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Fenantrenos/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Gallbladder cancer, with high aggressivity and extremely poor prognosis, is the most common malignancy of the bile duct. The main objective of the paper was to investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on gallbladder cancer cells and identify the mechanisms underlying its potential anticancer effects. We showed that Sch B inhibited the viability and proliferation of human gallbladder cancer cells in a dose-, time -dependent manner through MTT and colony formation assays, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at a dose-dependent manner through flow cytometry. Flow cytometry assays also revealed G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in GBC-SD and NOZ cells. Western blot analysis of Sch B-treated cells revealed the upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and downregulation of Bcl-2, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and CDK-4. Moreover, this drug also inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice carrying subcutaneous NOZ tumor xenografts. These data demonstrated that Sch B induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and suggests that Sch B may be a promising drug for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , Lignanos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Policíclicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooctanos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , FN-kappa B/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract, and this condition has a rather dismal prognosis, with an extremely low five-year survival rate. To improve the outcome of unresectable and recurrent gallbladder cancer, it is necessary to develop new effective treatments and drugs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cordycepin on human gallbladder cells and uncover the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays revealed that cordycepin affected the viability and proliferation of human gallbladder cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that cordycepin induced S phase arrest in human gallbladder cancer cell lines(NOZ and GBC-SD cells). Cordycepin-induced apoptosis was observed using an Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double-staining assay, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed the upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-PARP and Bax and the downregulation of Bcl-2, cyclin A and Cdk-2 in cordycepin-treated cells. Moreover, cordycepin inhibited tumor growth in nude mice bearing NOZ tumors. Our results indicate that this drug may represent an effective treatment for gallbladder carcinoma.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Desoxiadenosinas/farmacología , Puntos de Control de la Fase S del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Caspasa 3/genética , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Desoxiadenosinas/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/genética , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Carga Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Tumor de Célula Madre , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary system, with poor response to current treatments. Abnormal alternative splicing has been associated with the development of a variety of tumors. Combining the GEO database and GBC mRNA-seq analysis, it is found high expression of the splicing factor polypyrimidine region- binding protein 3 (PTBP3) in GBC. Multi-omics analysis revealed that PTBP3 promoted exon skipping of interleukin-18 (IL-18), resulting in the expression of ΔIL-18, an isoform specifically expressed in tumors. That ΔIL-18 promotes GBC immune escape by down-regulating FBXO38 transcription levels in CD8+T cells to reduce PD-1 ubiquitin-mediated degradation is revealed. Using a HuPBMC mouse model, the role of PTBP3 and ΔIL-18 in promoting GBC growth is confirmed, and showed that an antisense oligonucleotide that blocked ΔIL-18 production displayed anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, that the H3K36me3 promotes exon skipping of IL-18 by recruiting PTBP3 via MRG15 is demonstrated, thereby coupling the processes of IL-18 transcription and alternative splicing. Interestingly, it is also found that the H3K36 methyltransferase SETD2 binds to hnRNPL, thereby interfering with PTBP3 binding to IL-18 pre-mRNA. Overall, this study provides new insights into how aberrant alternative splicing mechanisms affect immune escape, and provides potential new perspectives for improving GBC immunotherapy.
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Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant and rapidly progressing tumor of the human biliary system, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic targets and modalities. Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) is an RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA repair. NONO expression is elevated in multiple tumors and can act as an oncogene to promote tumor progression. Here, we found that NONO was highly expressed in GBC and promoted tumor cells growth. The dysregulation of RNA splicing is a molecular feature of almost all tumor types. Accordingly, mRNA-seq and RIP-seq analysis showed that NONO promoted exon6 skipping in DLG1, forming two isomers (DLG1-FL and DLG1-S). Furthermore, lower Percent-Spliced-In (PSI) values of DLG1 were detected in tumor tissue relative to the paraneoplastic tissue, and were associated with poor patient prognosis. Moreover, DLG1-S and DLG1-FL act as tumor promoters and tumor suppressors, respectively, by regulating the YAP1/JUN pathway. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant RNA modification involved in alternative splicing processes. We identified an m6A reader, IGF2BP3, which synergizes with NONO to promote exon6 skipping in DLG1 in an m6A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IP/MS results showed that RBM14 was bound to NONO and interfered with NONO-mediated exon6 skipping of DLG1. In addition, IGF2BP3 disrupted the binding of RBM14 to NONO. Overall, our data elucidate the molecular mechanism by which NONO promotes DLG1 exon skipping, providing a basis for new therapeutic targets in GBC treatment.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar , Humanos , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Empalme del ARN , Proliferación Celular , ARN Mensajero/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Homólogo 1 de la Proteína Discs Large/genética , Homólogo 1 de la Proteína Discs Large/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the change of coagulation and the clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with gallbladder cancer. METHODS: The 64 gallbladder cancer patients (GBC group) and 60 cholecystitis patients (control group) had been reviewed from January 2007 to June 2013. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib), and thrombin time (TT) had been measured and compared between patients of GBC group and control group. The relationship of coagulation function and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with control group, APTT in GBC group ((29.0 ± 4.2) s) was significantly shortened (t = -4.265, P = 0.000) and PT ((11.5 ± 1.4) s), TT ((15.3 ± 3.5) s), Fib ((4.1 ± 0.9) g/L) were significantly increased in GBC group (t = 2.521, 4.147 and 4.365, all P < 0.05). The level of Fib was higher in patients with medium or poor-differentiated tumor cells (F = 4.069, P = 0.022), lymph metastasis (t = 2.640, P = 0.010) and advanced staging (II-IV) (t = 3.003, P < 0.01) than those of well-differentiated, non-lymph metastasis and early staging (0-I). The ratio of gallbladder cancer with hyperfibrinogenemia (32/64) was significantly higher than control group (11/60, χ(2) = 13.709, P < 0.01). In GBC group, compared with normal Fib patients, hyperfibrinogenemia patients showed significantly difference in clinicopathologic characteristics (χ(2) = 5.851-10.573, P < 0.05). The average survival period of hyperfibrinogenemia patients and normal Fib patients were 8.63 months and 16.73 months. The 1-, 3-year survival rate of patients with hyperfibrinogenemia were significantly lower than those with normal Fib (64.7%, 14.9% vs. 74.9%, 21.1%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative plasma level of Fib might be a new promising biomarker in patients with gallbladder cancer for evaluating disease progression and prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Coagulación Sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Tiempo de ProtrombinaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on hepatocellular carcinoma located in caudate lobe. METHODS: Totally 29 cases of caudate lobe hepatocellular carcinoma admitted from January 2001 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 29 patients, 23 were male and the other 6 were female. The median age was 52 years. According to receiving preoperative TACE or not, the 29 cases were divided into two groups: preoperative TACE plus surgery (group A, n = 11) and surgery only (group B, n = 18). The surgical results and long-term survival were compared between two groups. RESULTS: After TACE, the diameter of the tumour reduced by over 33.3% in 3 patients, 10.0% to 33.3% in 6 patients, and less than 10.0% in 2 patients. The duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss in group A were (298 ± 39) minutes and (1031 ± 310) ml, respectively. The duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss in group B were (281 ± 54) minutes and (868 ± 403) ml, respectively. No significant difference was found in terms of these two groups (t = 1.006, P = 0.324; t = 1.223, P = 0.232). In addition, 6 cases in group A developed complications and 4 cases in group B did so. Only one patient died because of postoperative complication, and this patient belonged to group A. No significant difference was found between two groups (χ(2) = 0.028, P = 0.868; χ(2) = 0.633, P = 0.426). The 5-year survival rate was 56.8% in group A and 34.9% in group B. The difference did not reach significant difference (P = 0.132). CONCLUSIONS: For hepatocellular carcinoma located in caudate lobe, preoperative TACE does not significantly increase the surgical difficulty and impair the safety. In addition, preoperative TACE has the tendency to provide benefit to long-term survival.