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1.
Eur J Neurosci ; 60(3): 4128-4147, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38558157

RESUMEN

This study aimed to review the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in individuals born preterm and systematically explore this prevalence according to gestational age and different assessment cut-offs and compare it to full-term peers. The eligibility criteria were observational and experimental studies reporting the prevalence of DCD in preterm individuals. A systematic search was performed in databases from inception until March 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the selection. Study quality assessment was performed using the checklists from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Data analysis was performed on Excel and Review Manager Software 5.4. Among the 1774 studies identified, 32 matched the eligibility criteria. The pooled estimate rate of the DCD rate in preterm was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.8-24.3). The estimate rates were higher as gestational age decreased, and preterm children are two times more likely to have DCD than their full-term peers risk ratio (RR) 2.2 (95% CI 1.77-2.79). The limitation was high heterogeneity between studies; the assessment tools, cut-off points and age at assessment were diverse. This study provided evidence that preterm children are at higher risk for DCD than full-term children, and the risks increased as gestational age decreased.


Asunto(s)
Recien Nacido Prematuro , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora , Humanos , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/diagnóstico , Recién Nacido , Niño , Edad Gestacional
2.
BMC Pediatr ; 24(1): 86, 2024 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38297298

RESUMEN

Our understanding of the premature gut microbiome has increased rapidly in recent years. However, to advance this important topic we must further explore various aspects of the maternal microbiome, neonatal microbiota, and the opportunities for microbiome modulation. We invite authors to contribute research and clinical papers to the Collection "Maternal-fetal-neonatal microbiome and outcomes associated with prematurity".


Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido , Microbiota , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Atención Prenatal , Feto
3.
J Trop Pediatr ; 70(4)2024 Jul 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39122656

RESUMEN

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination and tuberculosis (TB) incidence in children under 1 year of age are critical public health indicators in Brazil. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disrupted vaccination coverage (VC), potentially impacting TB incidence. Understanding regional disparities in VC and TB incidence can inform targeted interventions. We conducted an observational and ecological study using BCG vaccination data (2019-21) and TB incidence (2020-22) for all births in Brazil. Data were collected from public health databases, stratified by state, and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics to explore VC and TB incidence. Between 2019 and 2021, average BCG VC was 79.59%, with significant variation among states (P < .001). Only four states achieved minimum recommended coverage (>90%). TB incidence varied significantly among states (P = .003). There was a notable decline in VC from 2019 (90.72%) to 2021 (78.67%) (P < .001). This study highlights regional disparities in BCG VC and TB incidence among Brazilian states. Lower VC post-pandemic may increase TB incidence, requiring targeted interventions in states with inadequate coverage. The findings underscore the importance of sustaining vaccination programs amidst public health crises and implementing strategies to enhance access and uptake.


Asunto(s)
Vacuna BCG , COVID-19 , Tuberculosis , Cobertura de Vacunación , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Cobertura de Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Incidencia , Lactante , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Programas de Inmunización , Masculino , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Recién Nacido
4.
Am J Perinatol ; 2023 Nov 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37989207

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between variations in cytokine levels in the first 72 hours of life and prematurity. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, we examined the cytokine levels of 110 newborns in the first 72 hours of life. The participants were divided into two groups based on gestational age (66 very preterm and 44 term newborns), and cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and transforming growth factor-ß [TGF-ß]) were evaluated. RESULTS: Premature newborns exhibited higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, while TNF-α and TGF-ß levels were lower comparing to term newborns. Even after adjusting for maternal and peripartum factors, the significant differences persisted. CONCLUSION: Our study underscores significant cytokine profile differences between full-term and very preterm newborns in early life. Elevated IL-6 and IL-8 levels in preterm infants suggest potential perinatal inflammation links to prematurity. KEY POINTS: · There is a direct association between cytokine levels and prematurity.. · Knowledge of the variation of cytokines in newborns enhances personalized interventions.. · Cytokine levels are early associated with gestational age.

5.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry ; 32(9): 1589-1597, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35274169

RESUMEN

The objective of this study is to examine the association between preterm infants' size at 1 year and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed categorically and dimensionally in childhood and adolescence. We studied infants born < 37 weeks' gestation from two Brazilian birth cohorts (n = 653). ADHD was evaluated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) interview at the age of 6 years in one cohort and by a structured interview according to DSM-5 criteria at 18 years in the other one. The presence of child attention difficulties was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 6 and 11 years in the 2004 and 1993 cohorts, respectively. We estimated associations of weight, length, head circumference, and BMI z-scores at 1-year chronological age with ADHD using Poisson Regression Model; and with attention difficulties using Linear Regression, adjusting for covariates. Mean birth weight was 2500 g and gestational age was 34.5 weeks. The aggregated ADHD prevalence in the two cohorts was 2.7%, and the median score for attention difficulties was 3.0. We found that increased head circumference at 1 year was associated with a lower risk of ADHD diagnosis (RR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.4, 0.9; p = 0.04 per standard deviation difference) and with fewer dimensional attention symptoms. In sensitivity analysis with other mental disorders, head circumference was associated with depression, but not with anxiety. Our findings emphasize poor head growth in the first year of life as a potential determinant of attentional difficulties in the preterm infant population.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Niño , Lactante , Adolescente , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Trastornos de Ansiedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
6.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry ; 63(8): 929-938, 2022 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34811752

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Very preterm/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) newborns can have lifelong morbidities, as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinicians have no markers to discriminate which among those individuals will develop later ADHD, based only on the clinical presentation at birth. Our aim was to develop an individualized risk calculator for ADHD in VP/VLBW newborns. METHODS: This retrospective prognostic study included a consecutive sample of all VP/VLBW children (gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1.5 kg) born between 2010 and 2012 from a clinical cohort in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital. Children were clinically assessed at 6 years of age for ADHD using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used for model-building. RESULTS: Ninety-six VP/VLBW children were assessed at 6 years of age (92% follow-up), of whom 32 (33%) were diagnosed with ADHD. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for ADHD prediction based on seven parameters (late-onset sepsis confirmed by blood culture, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal seizures, periventricular leukomalacia, respiratory distress syndrome, length of hospital stay, and number of maternal ADHD symptoms) was .875 (CI, 0.800-0.942, p < .001; AUC corrected for optimism with bootstrapping: .806), a performance that is comparable to other medical risk calculators. Compared to approaches that would offer early intervention to all, or intervention to none, the risk calculator will be more useful in selecting VP/VLBW newborns, with statistically significant net benefits at cost:benefits of around 1:2 to around 10:6 (range of ADHD risk thresholds of 32%-62%, respectively). It also showed specificity for ADHD compared to other prevalent child psychopathologies. CONCLUSIONS: The risk calculator showed good performance for early identification of VP/VLBW newborns at high risk of future ADHD diagnosis. External validity in population-based samples is needed to extend clinical usefulness.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Niño , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Lactante , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso/psicología , Estudios Retrospectivos
7.
Pediatr Crit Care Med ; 22(1): e99-e108, 2021 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33021513

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of congenital heart disease and their outcomes in a Brazilian cohort of very low birth weight preterm infants. DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Network database, complemented by retrospective data from medical charts and a cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Twenty public tertiary-care university hospitals. PATIENTS: A total of 13,955 newborns weighing from 401 to 1,499 g and between 22 and 36 weeks of gestational age, born from 2010 to 2017. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 2.45% (95% CI, 2.20-2.72%). In a multivariate regression analysis, risk factors associated with congenital heart disease were maternal diabetes (relative risk, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-2.20) and maternal age above 35 years (relative risk, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.73-2.51), whereas the protection factors were maternal hypertension (relative risk, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43-0.69), congenital infection (relative risk, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21-0.94), and multiple gestation (relative risk, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.97). The pooled standardized mortality ratio in patients with congenital heart disease was 2.48 (95% CI, 2.22-2.80), which was significantly higher than in patients without congenital heart disease (2.08; 95% CI, 2.03-2.13). However, in multiple log-binomial regression analyses, only the presence of major congenital anomaly, gestational age (< 29 wk; relative risk, 2.32; 95% CI, 2.13-2.52), and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension II (> 20; relative risk, 3.76; 95% CI, 3.41-4.14) were independently associated with death, whereas the effect of congenital heart disease was spotted only when a conditional inference tree approach was used. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of congenital heart disease in this cohort of very low birth weight infants was higher and with higher mortality than in the general population of live births. The occurrence of a major congenital anomaly, gestational age (< 29 wk), and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension II (> 20) were significantly and independently associated with death, whereas the association of congenital heart disease and death was only evident when a major congenital anomaly was present.


Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías Congénitas , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Adulto , Peso al Nacer , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Cardiopatías Congénitas/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Mortalidad Infantil , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos
8.
Eur J Pediatr ; 179(12): 1859-1865, 2020 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32623627

RESUMEN

There is an increasing evidence that strict evaluation of clinical signs is effective in detecting newborns at risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS) that require antibiotic therapy. In a retrospective case control design, we compared EOS antibiotic indication by clinical signs surveillance with multivariate risk analysis (EOSCalc), and estimate their costs. Newborns ≥ 34 weeks who received EOS antibiotics from June 2014 to December 2016 were studied. Were considered symptomatic those with three clinical signs within first 24 h or two signs and one risk factor present. Cost estimative was done using bottom-up hospital's perspective. Eight thousand three hundred twenty-one were born, 384 were included. Two hundred nineteen (57%) would receive antibiotics by EOSCalc and 64 (16.7%) by clinical signs (p < 0.001). All patients with blood cultures were detected and false-negatives were absent. Total cost was US$ 574,121, estimate US$ 415,576 by EOSCalc, and US$ 314,353 by clinical signs (p < 0.001).Conclusions: The use of EOSCalc and clinical signs surveillance seem to be safe and accurate methods in EOS management. Additionally, the two approaches have shown an economic advantage when compared with the hospital's current practice. What is Known: • EOSCalc is a useful method for screening of EOS in late preterm and term infants. • Presence of clinical signs and/or maternal risk factors are present newborns with EOS. What is New: • Rigorous observation of clinical signs is a more accurate method than EOSCalc to screen for EOS in late preterm and term newborns. • Rigorous observation of clinical signs is more economic than EOSCalc in managing EOS in late preterm and term neonates.


Asunto(s)
Recien Nacido Prematuro , Sepsis , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico
9.
Am J Perinatol ; 37(9): 955-961, 2020 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31170750

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the experience with a protocol of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in southern Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: Newborns with gestational age > 35 weeks with evidence of perinatal asphyxia plus moderate or severe encephalopathy were recruited between March 2011 and November 2017. Whole-body hypothermia for 72 hours, starting within the first 6 hours of life was used. Survivors underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG). The primary outcome was death during hospitalization and neurodevelopment assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID III) at 12 months of age. RESULTS: A total of 72 newborns were treated (41 with moderate encephalopathy and 31 with severe encephalopathy), of whom 16 died. MRI was performed in 56 patients, and 24 presented some alterations. Fifty-three patients had an EEG: 11 normal, 20 mildly altered, 12 moderately altered, and 10 severely altered. Forty patients were evaluated through BSID III: 45% presented with some delay in neurodevelopment, 8 (20%) had motor retardation, 15 (37.5%) had language delay, and 13 (32.5%) had a delay in cognitive development. CONCLUSION: Mortality and adverse events were similar to those described in large randomized controlled trials. TH is a safe and an effective method of neurologic protection in asphyxiated newborns in a developing country when performed adequately.


Asunto(s)
Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Asfixia Neonatal/complicaciones , Brasil , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/diagnóstico , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Electroencefalografía , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Hipotermia Inducida/mortalidad , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/etiología , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidad , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto Joven
10.
Eur J Pediatr ; 178(7): 1023-1032, 2019 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31056716

RESUMEN

This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the association of admission hypothermia (AH) with death and/or major neonatal morbidities among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants based on the relative performance of 20 centers of the Brazilian Network of Neonatal Research. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data using the database registry of the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research. Center performance was defined by the relative mortality rate using conditional inference trees. A total of 4356 inborn singleton VLBW preterm infants born between January 2013 and December 2016 without malformations were included in this study. The centers were divided into two groups: G1 (with lower mortality rate) and G2 (with higher mortality rate). Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated by simple and multiple log-binomial regression models. An AH rate of 53.7% (19.8-93.3%) was significantly associated with early neonatal death in G1 (adjusted RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.84) and G2 (adjusted RR 1.29, 95%CI 1.01-1.65) and with in-hospital death in G1 (adjusted RR 1.29, 95%CI 1.07-1.58). AH was significantly associated with a lower frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis (adjusted RR 0.58, 95%CI 38-0.88) in G2.Conclusion: AH significantly associated with early neonatal death regardless of the hospital performance. In G2, an unexpected protective association between AH and necrotizing enterocolitis was found, whereas the other morbidities assessed were not significantly associated with AH. What is Known: • Admission hypothermia is associated with early neonatal death. • The association of admission hypothermia with major neonatal morbidities has not been fully established. What is New: • Admission hypothermia was significantly associated with early neonatal and in-hospital death in centers with the lowest relative mortality rates. • Admission hypothermia was not associated with major neonatal morbidities and with in-hospital death but was found to be a protective factor against necrotizing colitis in centers with the highest relative mortality rates.


Asunto(s)
Hipotermia/mortalidad , Mortalidad Infantil , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/mortalidad , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Enfermedades del Prematuro/mortalidad , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores Protectores , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
11.
Am J Perinatol ; 36(3): 252-257, 2019 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30081405

RESUMEN

Phototherapy in neonates for treatment of pathological jaundice is an effective therapeutic tool that is widely used in neonatal units. Over the past years, a greater concern has emerged about the effects on the immune and inflammatory system and its potential genotoxic and side effects, especially the late ones, possibly associated with childhood diseases, showing that this treatment is not as harmless as previously believed. Numerous studies assessing these possible adverse effects of phototherapy on neonates have been published over the past years. Through this review, we seek to analyze what we know about the side effects of phototherapy in the neonatal period. The main causes of jaundice, phototherapy techniques, acute and late side effects, and effects on the immune and inflammatory system were reviewed. It was concluded that phototherapy is not a treatment free of side effects and further studies need to be conducted to elucidate its harmful effects on neonates.


Asunto(s)
Ictericia Neonatal/terapia , Fototerapia/efectos adversos , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/etiología , Humanos , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de la radiación , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Enfermedades del Prematuro/etiología , Enfermedades del Prematuro/terapia , Fototerapia/instrumentación , Fototerapia/métodos , Piel/efectos de la radiación
12.
Am J Perinatol ; 36(10): 1072-1078, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30537771

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and to identify possible early predictors of SAH at ages 2 and 4 years in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study including inborn children with birth weight (BW) <1,500 g. Arterial blood pressure measurements were performed at 2 and 4 years. Model 1 compared children with and those without SAH at age 4. Model 2 compared children who had SAH at ages 2 and 4 with the others. SAH was diagnosed if the systolic or/and diastolic pressures were above the 95th percentile. RESULTS: A total of 198 patients were included during the 5-year study period, of whom 56% had SAH at age 4. In model 1, white matter injury (WMI) and catch-up growth at age 2 were predictors of SAH at age 4. In model 2, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, WMI, catch-up growth at age 2, and BW were predictors of SAH at 2 and 4 years. SAH at age 2 was an independent risk factor for SAH at age 4. After a multivariate analysis of model 2, BW and catch-up growth were associated with SAH. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of SAH was high in VLBW infants; it was associated with low BW and catch-up growth at age 2.


Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Glomérulos Renales/embriología , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
13.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 35(10): 159, 2019 Oct 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31602538

RESUMEN

The female lower genital tract harbors a complex microbial community essential for homeostasis and health. During pregnancy, the female body undergoes unique hormonal changes that contribute to weight gain as well as modulations in immune function that can affect microbiota composition. Several studies have described the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women from the USA, Europe and Mexico. Here we expand our knowledge about the vaginal microbial communities during the third trimester to healthy expectant Brazilian mothers. Vaginal samples were collected from patients delivering at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. Microbial DNA was isolated from samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the PGM Ion Torrent. Brazilian pregnant women presented three distinct types of microbial community at the time of labor. Two microbial communities, Cluster 1 and Cluster 3, presented an overall dominance of Lactobacillus while Cluster 2 tended to present higher diversity and richness, with the presence of Pseudomonas, Prevotella and other vaginosis related bacteria. About half of the Brazilian mothers sampled here had dominance of L. iners. The proportion of mothers without dominance of any Lactobacillus was higher in Brazil (22%) compared to UK (2.4%) and USA, where this community type was not detected. The vaginal microbiota showed significant correlation with the composition of the babies' gut microbiota (p-value = 0.002 with a R2 of 15.8%). Mothers presenting different vaginal microbiota shared different microorganisms with their newborns, which would reflect on initial colonizers of the developing newborns' gut.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias/clasificación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Microbiota , Vagina/microbiología , Adulto , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Biodiversidad , Brasil , ADN Bacteriano , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Análisis Multivariante , Embarazo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Reino Unido , Adulto Joven
14.
BMC Pediatr ; 18(1): 268, 2018 08 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30092772

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants are high risk for delayed neurodevelopment. The main goal is to develop a program of early intervention for very preterm infants that allows families to apply it continuously at home, and quantify the results of early parental stimulation on improvement of cognition and motor skills. METHODS: Randomized clinical Trial including inborn preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks or birth weight less than 1500 g at 48 h after birth. Eligible for begin the intervention up to 7 days after birth. Study Protocol approved by the Brazilian national Committee of ethics in Research and by the institutional ethics committee. Intervention group (IG): skin-to skin care by mother (kangaroo care) plus tactile-kinesthetic stimulation by mothers from randomization until hospital discharge when they receive a program of early intervention with 10 parents' orientation and a total of 10 home visits independently of the standard evaluation and care that will be performed. Systematic early intervention program will be according to developmental milestones, anticipating in a month evolutionary step acquisition of motor and / or cognitive expected for corrected age. Active comparator with a Conventional Group (CG): standard care according to the routine care of the NICU and their needs in the follow up program. Neurodevelopment outcome with blinded evaluations in both groups between 12 and 18 months by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development third edition and Alberta Motor Infant scale will be performed. All evaluations will be conducted in the presence of parents or caregivers in a safe room for the child move around during the evaluation. DISCUSSION: If we can show that a continuous and global early intervention at home performed by low income families is better than the standard care for very preterm infants, this kind of program may be applied elsewhere in the world. We received grants by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, DECIT, Cnpq and Health Ministry. Grand Challenges Brazil: All Children Thriving. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was restrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov . in July 15 2016 ( NCT02835612 ).


Asunto(s)
Intervención Educativa Precoz/métodos , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Padres , Atención Domiciliaria de Salud , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Proyectos de Investigación
15.
Am J Perinatol ; 35(2): 152-162, 2018 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28847039

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the neurodevelopment and growth of very low birth weight (BW) preterm infants, at 8 and 18 months corrected age (CA), compared with full term in Brazil. METHODS: Prospective cohort study including 83 preterm infants with BW ≤ 1,500 g and gestational age ≤ 32 weeks, and 52 full-term control infants. Preterm infants free from significant sensory and motor disability, and from congenital anomalies were included. Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS) and Brunet-Lèzini scale (BLS) were used to evaluate the neurodevelopment at 8 and 18 months. Anthropometric measurements were collected to evaluate the growth in both age groups. RESULTS: At 8 months CA, preterm infants scored significantly lower in total AIMS score (p = 0.001). At 18 months, they scored significantly lower on the stand subscale from AIMS (p = 0.040) and exhibited poor psychomotor development in the BLS (p = 0.006). The nutritional status showed significant differences between the groups, in both age groups (p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between nutritional status and AIMS (r = 0.420; p < 0.001) and BLS (r = 0.456; p < 0.001) at 8 months, and between head circumference and BLS (r = 0.235; p < 0.05) at 8 months and AIMS (r = 0.258; p < 0.05) at 18 months. CONCLUSION: Very low BW preterm infants at 8 and 18 months CA showed significant differences in the neurodevelopment and growth pattern when compared with their full-term peers.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Infantil , Recien Nacido Prematuro/crecimiento & desarrollo , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Trastornos Psicomotores/diagnóstico , Peso al Nacer , Brasil , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Lactante , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Estado Nutricional , Estudios Prospectivos
16.
Am J Perinatol ; 34(3): 264-269, 2017 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27487230

RESUMEN

Introduction Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a frequent, long-term complication in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns. Its etiology is multifactorial and the oxidative stress is one of its main causes. Breast milk (BM) reduces oxidative stress and provides antioxidant protection, therefore, BM may have a protective effect against BPD. Objectives This study aims to assess the possible protective effects of BM on BPD. Methods This is a cohort study including infants with a birth weight below 1,500 g and/or gestational age of less than 32 weeks, born between January 2011 and October 2014. BPD was defined as the need for supplementary oxygen for 28 days or more. Results The incidence of BPD was 29.1%. The median amount of BM received by the patients in the first 6 weeks of life was significantly higher in patients without BPD (10.8 mL/kg/day) than in those with BPD (2.3 mL/kg/day). The amount of BM received was inversely associated with the incidence of BPD, even after multivariate analysis. The cutoff point at which the protective effect emerged was an average amount of 7 mL/kg/day of BM during the first 42 days of life. Conclusion Feeding VLBW infants with BM is associated with a lower risk of developing BPD.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiología , Displasia Broncopulmonar/prevención & control , Leche Humana , Área Bajo la Curva , Brasil/epidemiología , Displasia Broncopulmonar/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Masculino , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno , Factores Protectores , Curva ROC
17.
Am J Perinatol ; 33(5): 480-5, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26529476

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with changes in pulmonary angiogenesis. However, the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor/placental growth factor (VEGF/PlGF) heterodimer, an antiangiogenic factor, remains unknown in this disease. OBJECTIVE: To compare VEGF/PlGF levels in preterm infants with and without BPD. METHODS: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Preterm neonates with birth weight <2,000 g and gestational age ≤ 34 weeks were included. Exclusion criteria were: neonates transferred from other institutions after 72 hours of life; death before blood collection; presence of major congenital malformations, inborn errors of metabolism, and early sepsis; and mothers with multiple pregnancies, TORCH infections, HIV infection, or autoimmune diseases. BPD was defined as the need for oxygen therapy for a period equal to or greater than 28 days, accompanied by radiographic changes compatible with the disease. Blood was collected from neonates in the first 72 hours of life. VEGF/PlGF levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Variables found to be significant in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were included (19 with BPD, 43 without BPD, and 11 neonates who died in the first 28 days of life), with a mean (SD) gestational age of 30.32 (2.88) weeks and birth weight of 1,288 (462) g. Median VEGF/PlGF levels were higher in the groups with BPD and death in the first 28 days of life than in the group without BPD (16.46 [IQR, 12.19-44.57] and 20.64 [IQR, 13.39-50.22], respectively, vs. 9.14 [IQR, 0.02-20.64] pg/mL], p < 0.001). Higher VEGF/P1GF levels remained associated with BPD and death in the first 28 days of life in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Higher plasma VEGF/PlGF levels were found in preterm neonates with BPD and in those who died in the first 28 days of life, suggesting an important role of this substance in pulmonary vascular development.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Placentario/sangre , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Mortalidad Infantil , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Estructura Cuaternaria de Proteína
18.
Am J Perinatol ; 32(12): 1185-90, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26007312

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors are altered in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), but the pattern of expression of these factors in their newborns remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) levels in preterm neonates born to mothers with PE. METHODS: Neonates with birth weight<2,000 g and gestational age≤34 weeks were included and divided into the following two groups: born to mothers with PE and without PE. Blood was collected from neonates within the first 72 hours of life. VEGF and sFlt-1 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: A total of 88 neonates were included (37 born to mothers with PE and 51 born to mothers without PE), with a mean gestational age of 29.12±2.96 weeks and birth weight of 1,223.80±417.48 g. In the multivariate analysis, VEGF was 80% lower and sFlt-1 was 13.48 times higher in the group with PE. sFlt-1 concentration was higher in neonates small for gestational age (SGA) than in those appropriate for gestational age. CONCLUSION: Higher sFlt-1 and lower VEGF levels in the group with PE, as well as higher sFlt-1 levels in SGA neonates, reflect a predominance of antiangiogenic mechanisms in PE and growth restriction.


Asunto(s)
Recien Nacido Prematuro/sangre , Preeclampsia/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangre , Receptor 1 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangre , Peso al Nacer , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo
19.
J Trop Pediatr ; 60(1): 53-60, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24044971

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia and iron deficiency at 1 year of corrected age (CA) in preterm very-low-birth-weight infants, and to identify risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia. METHODS: A cohort of infants with birth weight <1500 g and gestational age <34 weeks on iron prophylaxis were followed up to 12 months' CA. Anemia diagnosis was based on hemoglobin <11 g/dl. Iron deficiency was defined by ferritin levels <10 µg/l, transferrin saturation <10% and mean corpuscular volume <80 fl. Neonatal data and feeding at 6 and 12 months' CA (breastfeeding and/or cow's milk or infant formula); hospitalizations during the first year and weight, head circumference, body mass index and length at 12 months' CA were analyzed. RESULTS: Prevalence of anemia in 310 participants was 26.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.8-31.6%] and of iron deficiency was 48% (95% CI 39.0-56.9%). Increased consumption of cow's milk at 6 months [relative risk (RR) 1.687; 95% CI 1.146-2.483], lower maternal age (RR 0.953; 95% CI 0.923-0.983), high number of pregnancies (RR 1.256; 95% CI 1.122-1.406) and being born small for gestational age (RR 1.578; 95% CI 1.068-2.331) were independently associated with anemia after adjustments. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of anemia is high at 1 year of CA. Dietary and environmental education strategies may help prevent anemia after discharge.


Asunto(s)
Anemia Ferropénica/epidemiología , Anemia Ferropénica/prevención & control , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Anemia Ferropénica/etiología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Lactancia Materna , Bovinos , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Ferritinas/sangre , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Lactante , Fórmulas Infantiles , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Masculino , Edad Materna , Leche , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
20.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 100(2): 212-217, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38036038

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success rate of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy using an adapted obsolete mechanical ventilator (MV), Optiflow™ and Vapotherm™ in newborns (NBs). METHOD: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The sample comprised NBs who underwent HFNC therapy due to ventilatory dysfunction, for weaning from non-invasive ventilation (NIV), or post-extubation. The three groups, stratified according to gestational age (GA) and birth weight, and corrected GA and weight at the beginning of HFNC use, were as follows: Optiflow ™, Vapotherm ™, and obsolete Mechanical Ventilator (MV) adapted for high flow therapy. Subsequently, the NBs were divided into a success group (SG) and a failure group (FG). HFNC success was defined as a therapy duration exceeding 72 h. RESULTS: A total of 209 NBs were evaluated, with 31.1 % using HFNC due to ventilatory dysfunction, 2.4 % after extubation, and 66.5 % after NIV weaning. HFNC success rate was observed in 90.9 % of the NBs, with no difference between equipment types (Vapotherm ™, Optiflow ™, and adapted VM). CONCLUSION: Different types of HFNC equipment are equally effective when used in neonatology for respiratory dysfunction, as a method of weaning from NIV and post-extubation. Adapted obsolete MV can be an alternative for HFCN therapy in resource-constrained settings.


Asunto(s)
Ventilación no Invasiva , Insuficiencia Respiratoria , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Peso al Nacer , Cánula , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno/métodos , Respiración Artificial , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos
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