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In recent years, sunlight has been used in several fields such as photovoltaic cells, flat plate collectors, solar cookers, green buildings, and agricultural applications. Improved thermal performance has been seen which comes of three sides absorber plate with glass cover compared to the traditional one. This paper presents the Nusselt (Nu) number, collector efficiency factor (CEF), and collector heat removal factor (CHRF) for the optimal solution of three sides artificially roughened solar air heater. Five input variables such as Reynolds (Re) number, relative roughness pitch, relative roughness height, mass flow rate, and air temperature of the duct are taken into account for improved efficiency optimization of collector, collector heat removal factor, and Nu number. Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) technique is used to identify the best alternative amongst a number of performance measures by converting them into an equivalent single variable. Moreover, the results revealed the high accuracy of the CEF, CHRF, and Nu number of 75-80%, 74-78%, and 63-71%, respectively. Meanwhile, it has been also observed that roughness Re number varies between 12,500 and 13,500, and height of relative roughness is 0.0245, including pitch of relative roughness 10 along with the rate of mass flow is 0.041 kg/s.
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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine the oral health status, anxiety levels, and perceived dental treatment needs of dental students in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study of students from Kalka Dental College, India, was conducted using self-administered questionnaire to obtain information on demography, self-reported oral health status, knowledge of the impact of oral health on daily life activity, anxiety levels, dental attendance, and perceived dental needs. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of respondents rated their oral health as good and almost all (99%) agreed that oral health is a part of general health. Out of 80.1% who had previous dental treatment, scaling and polishing accounted for 16%, whereas 19% had their orthodontic treatment done. At present, their perceived dental treatment needs range from scaling and polishing (36.98%) and fillings (29.79%) to orthodontic treatment (33.2%). Forty-six percent of patients reported a feeling of anxiety while visiting a dentist. CONCLUSION: This survey revealed that most of the students are aware that oral health is a component of general health and that it has an impact on an individual's daily life. More than half of the students perceived their oral health as good, but only a few knew that there is a need for a preventive approach to oral health as evident by the percentage that perceived scaling and polishing as a treatment need.
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INTRODUCTION: The retromolar pad also called piriformis papilla is a mucosal elevation located in the retromolar area covering the retromolar triangle. After molar loss, the bony alveolar process and surrounding soft periodontal tissue remodel, mainly resorb and blend with retromolar pad. It is a key intraoral landmark in prosthodontics. AIM: The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the various anatomical shapes and sizes of retromolar pad in 150 completely edentulous patients between 55 to 70 years of age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 150 completely edentulous patients. The shapes of retromolar pad on the left and right side were seen and divided into pear, triangular and round shape. The comparison of the mean longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter on the right and left sides was done. The data was evaluated statistically. The chi-square test was used for the comparison between the proportions with the help of standard deviation, t-test was used for comparison between the left and the right side and ANOVA test was used for comparison between the various shapes of the retromolar pads. RESULTS: The result showed that there was statistically significant difference among different shapes of retromolar pad and there was significant difference in mean transverse and longitudinal diameter on right and left side, the mean value of the longitudinal diameter on left and right side was 8.81 and 8.69 whereas the mean value of the transverse diameter on left and right side was 6.79 and 6.82 respectively and p-value obtained for both was 0.550 and 0.814 respectively. CONCLUSION: The study conclude that there are three different shapes of retromolar pad among which pear and triangular shaped retomolar pad provides more stability in lower denture because of increase surface area.
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Albeit alterations in serum lipid profile patterns have long been associated with malignancies, still role of these alterations remains controversial. It has been suggested a causative relationship might exist between plasma lipid levels and oral cancer patients. Further, the habit of tobacco consumption is on the rise and most often the oral cancer patients are afflicted with this menace. As a matter of fact, tobacco contains carcinogens capable of damaging the cell membrane components including lipids. Thus, the purpose of the present review is to discuss the basics of lipids and to evaluate alterations in plasma lipid profile in oral cancer patients and its association with histological grading and tobacco abuse. Pertinent literature was searched in PubMed and Medline by using key words such as serum lipid profile, oral cancer, histological grades and tobacco abuse.