Clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in fever of undetermined origin.

Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a novel diagnostic tool increasingly used in the field of infectious diseases. Little guidance is available regarding its appropriate use in different patient populations and clinical syndromes. We aimed to review the clinical utility of mNGS in patients with a specific clinical syndrome and identify factors that may increase its utility. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of 72 non-immunocompromised adults hospitalized with the clinical syndrome of 'fever of undetermined origin' and underwent mNGS testing. Standardized criteria from a previously published study were used to determine the clinical impact of mNGS testing. We applied logistic regression to identify factors associated with a positive clinical impact. Results: Of the 72 patients identified, 62.5% were males with a median age of 56. All patients had a fever at the time of evaluation. At least one organism was identified in 65.3% of cases; most commonly were Epstein-Barr virus (13.9%), cytomegalovirus (12.5%), and Rickettsia typhi (11.1%). Of those determined to have an infectious etiology of their febrile syndrome, 89.5% (n = 34/38) had a positive mNGS. Consistency between the organism(s) on mNGS and the clinically determined infectious etiology was 82.4%. mNGS had a positive clinical impact in 40.3% of cases, a negative impact in 2.8%, and no impact in 56.9% of cases. Besides age, we did not identify other factors associated with a higher likelihood of positive clinical impact. Conclusion: In our review, mNGS had a positive clinical impact in a large proportion of adults with fever of undetermined origin, with minimal negative impact. However, mNGS results should be interpreted carefully given the high rate of detection of pathogens of unclear clinical significance. Randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the clinical utility of this novel diagnostic tool.

Clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in fever of undetermined origin In this study, we evaluated the use of a new diagnostic tool, namely, metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS), in hospitalized, non-immunocompromised, adult patients with a fever that was otherwise unexplained. We reviewed the clinical utility of this tool in 72 patients and found that at least one organism was found in 65.3% of cases, with the 2 most common organisms being viruses. In patients who were found to have an infection as the cause of their fever, 89.5% had a positive mNGS study. In 82.4% of cases, the infectious organism(s) found on mNGS was the organism thought to be the cause of the fever. Based on definitions from another study, mNGS had a positive clinical impact in 40.3% of cases, a negative impact in 2.8%, and no impact in 56.9% of cases. This study suggests that mNGS has minimal negative impact and can be a useful tool in identifying a causative infectious organism in patients with unexplained fevers. Additional studies are needed to identify patients and clinical conditions that would most benefit from this tool.

Outcome of Corynebacterial Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Brief Report and Systematic Review.

Cardiac implantable electronic device infection in the context of corynebacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) remains poorly understood. From 2012 to 2023 at Mayo Clinic, 4 of 12 patients with corynebacterial BSI had cardiac implantable electronic device infection: 1 patient was diagnosed during a relapsing BSI episode. Undefined source, persistent BSI, and the presence of a prosthetic cardiac valve were common characteristics.

Diagnosis of Infectious Fluid Collections in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: The Role of Ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: Implant-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy remains the most common reconstructive modality worldwide. Infection is a frequent complication that negatively affects the reconstructive outcome and increases health-care costs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in identifying fluid collections in patients with breast implant infection. METHODS: After receiving institutional review board approval, a retrospective chart review was performed on patients who presented with breast implant infection after breast reconstruction, during the period 2009-2017. To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound (US) in detecting fluid collections, only patients with US evaluation and surgery during the same admission were included. RESULTS: In total, 64 patients with 64 infected implants met the inclusion criteria. Infected devices included 44 (69%) tissue expanders, and 20 (31%) implants, of which 40 (62%) were placed in the subpectoral and 24 (38%) prepectoral positions. Periprosthetic fluid was identified by US preoperatively in 45 (70%) of the patients, and a fluid collection was found in 61 (95%) of the patients during surgery. Sensitivity and specificity of US were 74% and 100%, respectively. Inaccurate US results were more likely in patients with silicone implants than patients with saline expander implants. CONCLUSION: Caution should be exercised in interpreting negative US findings in patients with silicone implants in the setting of infection. Other imaging modalities should be explored if US results are negative in cases with high clinical suspicion.