Implications for Clinical Practice from a Multicenter Survey of Heart Failure Management Centers.

OBJECTIVES: This observational, cross-sectional study based aimed to test whether heart failure (HF)-disease management program (DMP) components are influencing care and clinical decision-making in Brazil. METHODS: The survey respondents were cardiologists recommended by experts in the field and invited to participate in the survey via printed form or email. The survey consisted of 29 questions addressing site demographics, public versus private infrastructure, HF baseline data of patients, clinical management of HF, performance indicators, and perceptions about HF treatment. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 98 centers (58% public and 42% private practice) distributed across Brazil. Public HF-DMPs compared to private HF-DMP were associated with a higher percentage of HF-DMP-dedicated services (79% vs 24%; OR: 12, 95% CI: 94-34), multidisciplinary HF (MHF)-DMP [84% vs 65%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-8), HF educational programs (49% vs 18%; OR: 4; 95% CI: 1-2), written instructions before hospital discharge (83% vs 76%; OR: 1; 95% CI: 0-5), rehabilitation (69% vs 39%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), monitoring (44% vs 29%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-5), guideline-directed medical therapy-HF use (94% vs 85%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15), and less B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) dosage (73% vs 88%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), and key performance indicators (37% vs 60%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-7). In comparison to non- MHF-DMP, MHF-DMP was associated with more educational initiatives (42% vs 6%; OR: 12; 95% CI: 1-97), written instructions (83% vs 68%; OR: 2: 95% CI: 1-7), rehabilitation (69% vs 17%; OR: 11; 95% CI: 3-44), monitoring (47% vs 6%; OR: 14; 95% CI: 2-115), GDMT-HF (92% vs 83%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15). In addition, there were less use of BNP as a biomarker (70% vs 84%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-8) and key performance indicators (35% vs 51%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 91,6) in the non-MHF group. Physicians considered changing or introducing new medications mostly when patients were hospitalized or when observing worsening disease and/or symptoms. Adherence to drug treatment and non-drug treatment factors were the greatest medical problems associated with HF treatment. CONCLUSION: HF-DMPs are highly heterogeneous. New strategies for HF care should consider the present study highlights and clinical decision-making processes to improve HF patient care.

Implications for clinical practice from a multicenter survey of heart failure management centers

OBJECTIVES: This observational, cross-sectional study based aimed to test whether heart failure (HF)-disease management program (DMP) components are influencing care and clinical decision-making in Brazil. METHODS: The survey respondents were cardiologists recommended by experts in the field and invited to participate in the survey via printed form or email. The survey consisted of 29 questions addressing site demographics, public versus private infrastructure, HF baseline data of patients, clinical management of HF, performance indicators, and perceptions about HF treatment. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 98 centers (58% public and 42% private practice) distributed across Brazil. Public HF-DMPs compared to private HF-DMP were associated with a higher percentage of HF-DMP-dedicated services (79% vs 24%; OR: 12, 95% CI: 94-34), multidisciplinary HF (MHF)-DMP [84% vs 65%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-8), HF educational programs (49% vs 18%; OR: 4; 95% CI: 1-2), written instructions before hospital discharge (83% vs 76%; OR: 1; 95% CI: 0-5), rehabilitation (69% vs 39%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), monitoring (44% vs 29%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-5), guideline-directed medical therapy-HF use (94% vs 85%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15), and less B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) dosage (73% vs 88%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), and key performance indicators (37% vs 60%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-7). In comparison to non- MHF-DMP, MHF-DMP was associated with more educational initiatives (42% vs 6%; OR: 12; 95% CI: 1-97), written instructions (83% vs 68%; OR: 2: 95% CI: 1-7), rehabilitation (69% vs 17%; OR: 11; 95% CI: 3-44), monitoring (47% vs 6%; OR: 14; 95% CI: 2-115), GDMT-HF (92% vs 83%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15). In addition, there were less use of BNP as a biomarker (70% vs 84%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-8) and key performance indicators (35% vs 51%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 91,6) in the non-MHF group. Physicians considered changing or introducing new medications mostly when patients were hospitalized or when observing worsening disease and/or symptoms. Adherence to drug treatment and non-drug treatment factors were the greatest medical problems associated with HF treatment. CONCLUSION: HF-DMPs are highly heterogeneous. New strategies for HF care should consider the present study highlights and clinical decision-making processes to improve HF patient care.

Amebíase no contexto da emergência: análise do perfil de internações e morbimortalidade nos Estados brasileiros em 5 anos / Amebiasis in the context of emergency: an analysis of the profile of hospitalizations and morbidity/mortality in the states of Brazil in 5 years

Objetivo: Trazer um panorama atualizado acerca dos índices de internações e mortalidade por amebíase nos últimos 5 anos pelo sistema de saúde público brasileiro. Métodos: As informações analisadas foram pesquisadas no banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, considerandose as seguintes variáveis: amebíase; internações e mortalidade; sexo; faixa etária; e período de 2012 a 2016. Resultados: De 14.268 internações por amebíase em todo o Brasil, 4.252 foram em 2012, 3.248 em 2013, 2.552 em 2014, 2.033 em 2015 e 2.183 em 2016. Na Região Norte, encontraram-se os dois Estados com maior e menor número de internações da região e do país: o Pará, com 4.379 casos, e Roraima, com 5. Na Região Nordeste, o Maranhão foi o Estado com mais notificações (4.114) e o segundo maior do Brasil. Na Região Sudeste, Minas Gerais apresentou maior número de registros (793); no Sul, foi o Paraná (325) e, no Centro-Oeste, Goiás (731). Dos Estados com registro de mortalidade, na Região Norte, o Amazonas obteve maior valor (1,02); no Nordeste, foi o Sergipe (5,26); no Sudeste, o Rio de Janeiro (7,81); no Sul, o Rio Grande do Sul (5,26); e, no Centro-Oeste, o Mato Grosso (1,22). Conclusão: Apesar de uma redução no número de internações, as estatísticas para a amebíase ainda continuam altas, principalmente, considerando- se que se trata de uma patologia que poderia ser evitada. É necessário investir em mais medidas educativas, que ensinem a população a evitar a contaminação pelo Entamoeba spp., bem como que seja promovidas ações de saneamento básico e abastecimento de água potável adequados para todas as regiões do Brasil. (AU)

Objective: To provide an updated picture of the hospitalization rates, and mortality due to amebiasis in the last 5 years in the Brazilian public health system. Methods: The information analyzed was searched in the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System database, considering the following variables: amebiasis; hospitalizations and mortality; gender; age group; and period from 2012-2016. Results: Of 14,268 hospitalizations for amebiasis throughout Brazil, 4,252 were in 2012, 3,248 in 2013, 2,552 in 2014, 2,033 in 2015, and 2,183 in 2016. In the North Region, there were the two states with the highest and lowest number of hospitalizations in the region and in the country: the state of Pará, with 4,379 cases, and of Roraima with 5. In the Northeast region, the state of Maranhão was the one with more notifications (4,114), and the second largest one in Brazil. In the Southeast region, the stat of Minas Gerais presented the highest number of records (793); in the South region, it was the state of Paraná (325); and in Center-West, Goiás (731). Of the states with mortality records, in the North region Amazonas reached the highest value (1.02); in the Northeast, Sergipe (5,26); in the Southeast, Rio de Janeiro (7.81); in the South, Rio Grande do Sul (5.26); and in the Center-West region, Mato Grosso (1,22). Conclusion: Despite a reduction in the number of hospitalizations, the statistics for amebiasis are still high, mainly considering that it is a pathology that could be avoided. It is necessary to invest in more educational measures, which teach the population how to avoid contamination by Entamoeba spp., as well as to promote basic sanitation actions, and drinking water supply suitable for all regions of Brazil. (AU)

Análise do perfil de atendimentos por osteomielite em pacientes acima de 60 anos em regiões brasileiras / Analysis of the profile of osteomyelitis care in patients over 60 years of age in Brazilian regions

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise estatística das internações de pacientes idosos com osteomielite, por região brasileira. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas informações de saúde disponíveis na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), avaliando-se, de 2012 a 2016, as variáveis: internações por osteomielite (M86 do CID-10), faixa etária acima de 60 anos, sexo e etnia. Resultados: De 78.967 pacientes internados por osteomielite no Brasil, 16.736 (21,19%) eram idosos, com a Região Sudeste registrando maior número de casos (7.163 internações; 42,79%), seguida da Nordeste (5.165; 30,86%), da Sul (2.462; 14,71%), da Centro-Oeste (1.162; 6,9%) e da Norte (784; 4,6%). O número de internações manteve-se relativamente constante, com média de 3.347 casos por ano. Pacientes de 60 a 69 anos foram os com maior registro (8.786 casos; 52,49%). Em segundo lugar, ficaram os de 70 a 79 anos (5.232; 31,2%) e, por último, os acima de 80 anos (2.718; 16,24%). Em relação ao sexo, o masculino notificou 9.232 internações (55,16%), com 7.504 (44,83%) para o feminino. A etnia branca apresentou maior número de notificações (6.117; 36,54%), principalmente nas Regiões Sudeste e Sul, seguida pela parda (4.947; 29,55%), que se destacou dentre as demais regiões. Conclusão: Diante da heterogeneidade de fatores que predispõem à osteomielite, com destaque para o diabetes mellitus, urge garantir um manejo precoce da infecção e de comorbidades causadoras, a fim de evitar complicações debilitantes ao idoso, bem como prevenir futuras recidivas e internações onerosas ao sistema de saúde brasileiro. (AU)

Objective: To perform a statistical analysis of hospitalizations of elderly patients with osteomyelitis, by Brazilian region. Methods: Health information available from the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) platform was investigated, from 2012 to 2016. The following variables were assessed: admissions due to osteomyelitis (ICD-10 M86), age group over 60, gender and ethnicity. Results: Of the 78,967 patients hospitalized due to osteomyelitis in Brazil, 16,736 (21.19%) were elderly, with the Southeast Region having a higher number of cases (7,163 admissions - 42.79%), followed by the Northeast (5,165 - 30.86%), South (2,462 - 14,71%), Midwest (1,162 - 6,9%), and North (784 - 4,6%). The number of hospitalizations remained relatively constant, with an average of 3,347 cases per year. Patients aged 60 to 69 years were the ones with the highest registry (8,786 cases - 52.49%); in second place, those aged 70 to 79 years (5,232 - 31.2%) and, finally, those above 80 years old (2,718 - 16.24%). Regarding gender, males accounted for 9,232 hospitalizations (55.16%), with 7,504 (44.83%) for females. White people had the highest number of reports (6,177 - 36.54%), mainly in the Southeast and South Regions, followed by browns (4,947 - 29.55%), who were more prevalent in the other regions. Conclusion: In view of the heterogeneity of factors that predispose to osteomyelitis, especially diabetes mellitus, it is urgent that early management of the infection and causative comorbidities is ensured, in order to avoid debilitating complications for the elderly, as well as to prevent future relapses, and costly hospitalizations to the Brazilian health system. (AU)

Perfil de pacientes em idade reprodutiva tratadas por epilepsia / Profile of patients in reproductive age treated by epilepsy

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil de pacientes em idade reprodutiva internadas por epilepsia nas regiões brasileiras em 5 anos, elucidando os riscos promovidos por ela durante a gravidez e abordando o gerenciamento do quadro. Métodos: Pesquisa e análise de dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), acerca das internações em mulheres em idade reprodutiva (10 a 49 anos) por epilepsia, avaliando a ocorrência, de acordo com faixa etária, etnia e região do Brasil, no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. Resultados: No total, foram notificadas 42.204 internações de mulheres em idade reprodutiva associadas à epilepsia, estando a maior parte delas (22,66%) na faixa de 20 a 29 anos e na de 40 a 49 anos (22,59%). O Sudeste correspondeu a 43,01% do total de casos (18.152), seguido pela Região Sul, com 9.456 registros (22,4%), e pelo Nordeste (8.245; 19,53%). A etnia mais atingida foi a de brancas (15.804; 37,44% dos atendimentos) e pardas (12.200; 28,9%). Conclusão: O planejamento da gravidez em mulheres epilépticas contribui para redução dos riscos tanto maternos quanto fetais, pois permite ao prescritor e à gestante pesar quais os benefícios e os malefícios de cada terapia anticonvulsivante disponível. Vale lembrar que uma abordagem individualizada da paciente epiléptica grávida por equipe multidisciplinar se faz necessária para melhorar os desfechos e prevenir internações por crises convulsivas. (AU)

Objective: To describe the profile of female patients in childbearing age hospitalized due to epilepsy in the Brazilian regions in 5 years, elucidating the risks it causes during pregnancy, and addressing the management of the condition. Methods: Research and analysis of data provided by the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), concerning hospitalizations of women of childbearing age (10-49 years) due to epilepsy, evaluating the occurrence according to age, ethnicity and the region in Brazil, from January 2012 to December 2016. Results: A total of 42,204 admissions of women of childbearing age due to epilepsy were reported, with most of them in the age group from 20 to 29 years old (22,66%), and in the 40-49 age group (22.59%). The Southeast Region accounted for 43.01% of the total number of cases (18,152), followed by the South Region, with 9,456 records (22.4%), and the Northeast (8,245 - 19.53%). The most affected ethnic group was the white one (15,804; 37,44% of the admissions) and brown one (12,200; 28,9%). Conclusion: Pregnancy planning in epileptic women contributes to both maternal and fetal risk reduction, since it allows the prescriber and the pregnant woman to weigh the benefits and harms of each available anticonvulsant therapy. It is worth remembering that an individualized, multidisciplinary approach of the epileptic pregnant patient is necessary to improve the outcomes, and to prevent hospitalizations due to seizures. (AU)

Panorama de internações e mortalidade em pacientes acima de 60 anos por sequelas da tuberculose / Panorama of hospitalizations and mortality in patients over 60 years due to tuberculosis sequelae

Objetivo: Trazer um panorama dos últimos 5 anos acerca das internações e mortalidade por sequelas da tuberculose em pacientes com mais de 60 anos. Métodos: Utilização de dados disponibilizados pelo DATASUS, com as seguintes variáveis: sequelas de tuberculose (B90 do CID-10); sexo; faixa etária ≥60 anos; de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016; nas regiões brasileiras. Resultados: De 349 idosos internados por sequelas de tuberculose, 137 (39,25%) foram na Região Nordeste, 100 (28,65%) na Sudeste, 73 (20,91%) na Sul, 32 (9,16%) na Centro-Oeste e 7 (2,0%) na Norte, sendo 79 casos em 2012, 80 em 2013, 42 em 2014, 70 em 2015 e 78 em 2016. A maioria dos pacientes (216) era do sexo masculino, bem como 66,76% dos casos encontravam-se na faixa dos 60 aos 69 anos. A taxa nacional de mortalidade foi de 8,02, com 17,81 na Região Sul, 14,29 na Norte, 6,0 na Sudeste, 5,11 na Nordeste e 3,13 na Centro-Oeste. O maior número se deu em 2013 (11,25) e o menor em 2012 (5,06). A faixa etária com maior mortalidade foi a de acima de 80 anos, com 24,0, e o sexo mais predominante, o masculino, com 9,72. Conclusão: A análise dos dados epidemiológicos supracitados é essencial para um melhor manejo dos pacientes idosos, de maneira a diminuir cada vez mais os índices de complicações, tratando de maneira eficaz e monitorando atentamente quaisquer eventos durante a internação desses pacientes. (AU)

Objective: To provide an overview of the last 5 years on hospitalizations and mortality from tuberculosis sequelae in patients over 60 years of age. Methods: Use of data provided by DATASUS, with the following variables: tuberculosis sequelae (B90 of ICD- 10); gender; age range ≥60 years; from January / 2012 to December / 2016; in the Brazilian regions. Results: Of 349 elderly people hospitalized for TB sequelae, 137 (39.25%) were from the Northeast region, 100 (28.65%) from the Southeast, 73 (20.91%) from the South, 32 (9.16%) from the In the Central West, and 7 (2.0%) from the North, with 79 cases in 2012, 80 in 2013, 42 in 2014, 70 in 2015 and 78 in 2016. Most patients (216) were male, and 66.76% of the cases were in the range of 60 to 69 years. The national mortality rate was 8.02, with 17.81 in the South region, 14.29 in the North, 6.0 in the Southeast, 5.11 in the Northeast, and 3.13 in the Midwest. The highest number occurred in 2013 (11.25), and the lowest in 2012 (5.06). The age group with the highest mortality was over 80 years old, with 24.0, and male gender was the most predominant, with 9.72. Conclusion: The analysis of the abovementioned epidemiological data is essential for a better management of the elderly patients, in order to reduce the complication rates, treating effectively, and closely monitoring any events during these patients hospitalization. (AU)

Análise das taxas de internação e de mortalidade por agressão em pacientes com mais de 60 anos / Analysis of hospitalization and mortality rates from aggression in patients above 60 years

OBJETIVO: Analisar estatisticamente o número de internações e mortalidade por agressão em pacientes idosos no ano de 2016, por região brasileira, tendo em vista a carência de dados a este respeito na literatura especializada. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa e análise de informações de saúde (TabNet), disponibilizadas pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), com as variáveis: causas externas, grupo X85-Y09 do CID10 (agressões), sexo masculino e feminino, idade ≥60 anos, por região do Brasil no ano de 2016. RESULTADOS: No total, foram notificados 2.912 casos de agressão, sendo 997 (34,19%) na Região Sudeste, 818 (28%) no Nordeste, 371 (12,74%) no Centro-Oeste, 365 (12,5%) no Norte e 361 (12,39%) no Sul. Dentre as notificações, 59,34% foram referentes a idosos de 60 a 69 anos, e 71,94% dos casos do sexo masculino. Em relação à taxa de mortalidade, o valor nacional foi de 7,25, sendo maior para a Região Norte (10,14), seguida do Sudeste (8,53), Centro-Oeste (6,74), Nordeste (5,5) e Sul (5,26). O maior valor foi encontrado na faixa etária de ≥80 anos (10,28), novamente para o sexo masculino (8,59). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da legislação vigente, ainda são altos os índices de idosos vítimas de agressão no Brasil. Neste contexto, ressalta-se a importância de uma denúncia precoce, para evitar consequências mais graves ao paciente já fragilizado.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To statistically analyze the number of hospitalizations and mortality due to aggression in elderly patients in 2016, by Brazilian region, given the lack of data in this respect in the specialized literature. METHODS: Research and analysis of health information (TabNet), provided by the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian National Health System (DATASUS), with the following variables: external causes, ICD10 X85-Y09 (aggressions) group, male and female patients, age ≥60 years old, by Brazilian region in 2016. RESULTS: A total of 2,912 cases of aggression were reported, with 997 (34.19%) in the Southeast, 818 (28%) in the Northeast, 371 (12.74%) in the Center-West, 365 (12.5%) in the North and 361 (12.39%) in the South. Among the notifications, 59.34% (1,728) were elderly individuals aged 60-69 years, 71.94% of cases (2,095) were males. Regarding the mortality rate, the national value was 7.25, with the highest rate being found in the North (10.14), followed by the Southeast (8.53), Midwest (6.74), Northeast (5.5) and South (5.26). The highest value was reported in the age group of ≥80 years (10.28), again for males (8.59). CONCLUSION: Despite the current legislation, the rates of elderly victims of aggression in Brazil are still high. In this context, the importance of an early denunciation is emphasized to avoid more serious consequences to already debilitated patients.(AU)

Análise das internações por osteoartrite em mulheres em idade menopausal / Analysis of hospitalizations for osteoarthritis of women in menopausal

OBJETIVO: Identificar e avaliar dados epidemiológicos referentes à osteoartrite em mulheres em idade menopausal. MÉ- TODOS: Pesquisa e análise de informações de saúde disponibilizadas pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), utilizando-se as variáveis artrose, sexo feminino, faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. RESULTADOS: Nos 5 anos estudados, notificaram-se 13.077 internações por osteoartrite em mulheres em idade menopausal, 2.180 delas (16,67%) em 2012, 2.557 (19,55%) em 2013, 2.686 (20,53%) em 2014, 2.792 (21,35%) em 2015 e 2.862 (21,88%) em 2016. A Região Sudeste se destacou, com 54,84% do total de internações, das quais 1.983 se deram de 40 a 49 anos e 5.313, de 50 a 59 anos. Nas outras regiões, o número de internações, de 40 a 49 anos, foi de 94 pacientes no Norte, 370 no Nordeste, 955 no Sul e 214 no Centro-Oeste; já de 50 a 59 anos, o Norte notificou 182 internações; Nordeste, 684; Sul, 2.827; e Centro-Oeste, 455. O Nordeste apresentou maior média de permanência hospitalar (5,9 dias), porém teve o segundo menor gasto por internação (R$2.836,00); já o Sudeste foi responsável pelo montante de R$22.640.928,14 em gastos totais. CONCLUSÃO: De 2012 a 2016, o índice de internações por osteoartrite em mulheres de 40 a 59 anos no território brasileiro mostrou ligeiro aumento. Isso é um dado preocupante, pois esta é uma afecção de manejo predominantemente ambulatorial; logo, infere-se que são necessárias mais ações de prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação, principalmente, na Região Sudeste, que detém mais de 50% das internações. (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate epidemiological data regarding osteoarthritis in menopausal women. METHODS: Research and analysis of health information provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), using the variables osteoarthritis, female gender, age range of 40-59 years, from January 2012 to December 2016. RESULTS: In the 5 years studied, 13,077 hospitalizations for osteoarthritis were reported in menopausal women, 2180 of them (16.67%) in 2012; 2557 (19.55%) in 2013; 2686 (20.53%) in 2014; 2792 (21.35%) in 2015; and 2862 (21.88%) in 2016. The Southeast region stands out with 54.84% of the total hospitalizations, of which 1983 were reported between 40-49 years old, and 5313, from 50 to 59 years. In the other regions, the number of hospitalizations between 40-49 years old was of 94 patients in the North, 370 in the Northeast, 955 in the South, and 214 in the Midwest; from 50-59 years old, the North reported 182 hospitalizations; Northeast, 684; South, 2827; and Center-West, 455. The Northeast had the highest average hospital stay (5.9 days), but had the second lowest hospitalization cost (R$ 2,836); on the other hand, the Southeast accounted for the amount of R$22,640,928.14 in total expenses. CONCLUSION: From 2012 to 2016, the rate of hospitalizations for osteoarthritis in women aged 40-59 years in Brazil showed a slight increase. These data are worrying, because it is predominantly a condition for outpatient management; therefore, it is inferred that more actions of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation are necessary, mainly in the Southeast, which is responsible for >50% of hospitalizations. (AU)

Epidemiologia das hepatites virais por classificação etiológica / Epidemiology of viral hepatitis by etiological classification

OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a epidemiologia das hepatites virais. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo realizado por meio da análise de dados obtidos do banco de dados da plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde relativos ao Estado de Minas Gerais, com as variáveis número de casos, hepatite viral CID 10 (B15 a B19), faixa etária, forma de transmissão, sexo e etnia no período de 2010 a 2017. RESULTADOS: Somaram-se 14.308 casos de hepatite A, B e C entre 2010 e 2017 em Minas Gerais. A hepatite C foi a mais prevalente com 50%, seguido da hepatite B com 39% e da hepatite A com 11%. O sexo masculino (70,2%) contrastou com o feminino (50,8%) no panorama geral. Quanto à etnia, foram obtidos 38% na parda e 37,5% na branca, em contraste com 0,4% na indígena. A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 40 a 59 anos com 54% dos casos. Surpreendeu a manutenção do número de casos registrados de vírus C transmitidos via transfusão sanguínea, provavelmente antes do reconhecimento do vírus, nos anos 1990 (1.002 casos), além da existência de casos de vírus A transmitidos via sexual (30 casos). CONCLUSÃO: Em Minas Gerais, a epidemiologia das hepatites virais seguiu a tendência global em faixa etária e número de casos. Todavia tornase imprescindível considerar novas abordagens de prevenção e controle com foco em educação sexual em saúde independente, principalmente nas faixas etárias jovens e avançadas. (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the epidemiology of viral hepatitis. METHODS: This is a descriptive epidemiological study based on the analysis of data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System in the state of Minas Gerais, with the following variables: viral hepatitis ICD 10 (B15-B19), age range, way of transmission, gender, and ethnicity, from 2010 to 2017. RESULTS: There were 14,308 cases of hepatitis A, B, and C from 2010 to 2017 in the state of Minas Gerais. Hepatitis C vírus was the most prevalent with 50%, followed by hepatitis B virus with 39%, and hepatitis A virus with 11%. The male gender (70.2%) contrasted with the female (50.8%) in the general panorama. As for ethnicity, 38% were in the brown people, and 37.5% in the white people, compared to 0,4% in the indigenous people. The most affected age group was 40-59 years, with 54% of the cases. Surprisingly, the number of registered cases of C virus transmitted by blood transfusion was steady, probably before the virus was recognized in the 1990s (1002 cases), and there were cases of virus A transmitted via sexual intercourse (30 cases). CONCLUSION: In Minas Gerais, the epidemiology of viral hepatitis follows the global trend in terms of age range and number of cases; however, it is imperative to consider new approaches in prevention and control, focusing on sexually independent health education, mainly in the young and advanced age groups. (AU)

Análise do perfil de morbimortalidade de aterosclerose no Estado de Minas Gerais comparado à Região Sudeste / A Comparative analysis of atherosclerosis-related morbidity and mortality profile in the state of Minas Gerais state and the Southeast Region

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil de morbimortalidade de aterosclerose em Minas Gerais em comparação ao da Região Sudeste. METODOLOGIA: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo, por meio da análise de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, com as variáveis número de internações, aterosclerose CID 10 (I70), faixa etária, taxa de mortalidade, sexo e etnia no período de janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2017. RESULTADOS: A Região Sudeste apresentou 63.713 internações por aterosclerose, sendo 22,9% de Minas Gerais. A faixa etária mais atingida do Estado foi de 60 a 69 anos (4.039 casos). O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido na Região Sudeste (55%) e em Minas Gerais (55%); já a taxa de mortalidade em ambos os casos foi maior na população feminina (Região Sudeste: 4,82; Minas Gerais: 4,31). Quanto à etnia do Estado, pardos (34,79%), brancos (26,65%) e negros (5,71%) representaram a maioria, enquanto, na Região Sudeste, brancos representaram 45,05%, pardos 24,31% e negros 5,96%. A taxa de mortalidade no Estado foi superior para negros (5,51), enquanto no Sudeste foi para brancos (4,16). A taxa de mortalidade média da Região Sudeste foi de 4,41, enquanto em Minas Gerais foi de 3,95, − a menor dentre os Estados da região. CONCLUSÃO: Embora Minas Gerais apresente a melhor taxa de mortalidade da região, faz-se necessário reduzi-la na população indígena e amarela. Já que Minas Gerais ocupa a segunda posição da região em número de internações, urge maior abrangência nas campanhas de prevenção e conscientização. (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morbidity and mortality profile of atherosclerosis in the state of Minas Gerais in comparison to the Southeast region. METODOLOGY: This is a descriptive epidemiological study performed with analysis of data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, with the following variables: number of hospitalizations, atherosclerosis ICD 10 (I70), age group, mortality rate, gender, and ethnicity from January 2007 to January 2018. RESULTS: The Southeast region had a total of 63,713 hospitalizations for atherosclerosis, of which 22.9% were from Minas Gerais. The most affected age group in the state was of 60-69 years (4,039 cases). The male gender was the most affected in the Southeast region (55%) and in the State of Minas Gerais (55%), while the mortality rate in both cases was higher in the female population (Southeast region - 4.82, Minas Gerais - 4.31). As for the ethnicity of the state, brown (34.79%), white (26.65%), and black (5.71%) people represented the majority, while in the Southeast whites represented 45.05%; brown, 24.31%; and black, 5.96%. The mortality rate in the state was higher for black (5.51) people, while in the Southeast for white people (4.16). The Southeast mortality rate was 4.41, while in Minas Gerais it was 3.95, the lowest among the states in the region. CONCLUSION: Although Minas Gerais has the best mortality rate in the region, it is necessary to reduce it in the indigenous and yellow population. In addition, since Minas Gerais ranks second in the region in terms of the number of hospitalizations, it is more urgent to reach out to prevention and awareness campaigns. (AU)

Clinical and functional capacity of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy after four years of transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient with cardiomyopathy's progress after cardiac transplant, by analyzing his survival, complications and cardiovascular responses after nearly four years of surgery. METHODS: The survey was conducted from February to May 2011, with patients undergoing cardiac transplantation at Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes Hospital - Messejana Hospital (HDM). The sample consisted of all transplanted patients in 2007 in this hospital. Initially an evaluation form developed by the researchers, which was based on collected data from patients' medical records, was applied, about trans and postoperative period. After collecting these informations, patients underwent the six-minute walk test (6WT). The marks found in walking distance were compared with reference marks expected for this population by using Enright and Sherrill's equation. RESULTS: From all the 24 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation in HDM in 2007, 14 were evaluated and 10 were excluded. Regarding the complications, in the trans-operatory period, the most evident was the right ventricular dysfunction (64.3%) and tachycardia (64.3%) was more evident on the postoperative period. Analyzing the 6WT it was observed a decrease of 11.6% in walking distance when compared with the estimated distance (486 ± 55 m, 550 ± 59 m, respectively). CONCLUSION: Survival of heart transplant patients was equivalent to about 70%. The results of this study before the 6WT showed that patients' cardiovascular responses are below the estimated, nevertheless within the normal range established.

Summary of the II Brazilian Guideline update on Acute Heart Failure 2009/2011.

In the past two years we observed several changes in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of patients with acute heart failure (acute HF), which led us to the need of performing a summary update of the II Brazilian Guidelines on Acute Heart Failure 2009. In the diagnostic evaluation, the diagnostic flowchart was simplified and the role of clinical assessment and echocardiography was enhanced. In the clinical-hemodynamic evaluation on admission, the hemodynamic echocardiography gained prominence as an aid to define this condition in patients with acute HF in the emergency room. In the prognostic evaluation, the role of biomarkers was better established and the criteria and prognostic value of the cardiorenal syndrome was better defined. The therapeutic approach flowcharts were revised, and are now simpler and more objective. Among the advances in drug therapy, the safety and importance of the maintenance or introduction of beta-blockers in the admission treatment are highlighted. Anticoagulation, according to new evidence, gained a wider range of indications. The presentation hemodynamic models of acute pulmonary edema were well established, with their different therapeutic approaches, as well as new levels of indication and evidence. In the surgical treatment of acute HF, CABG, the approach to mechanical lesions and heart transplantation were reviewed and updated. This update strengthens the II Brazilian Guidelines on Acute Heart Failure to keep it updated and refreshed. All clinical cardiologists who deal with patients with acute HF will find, in the guidelines and its summary, important tools to help them with the clinical practice for better diagnosis and treatment of their patients.

I Brazilian Registry of Heart Failure - Clinical Aspects, Care Quality and Hospitalization Outcomes / I Registro Brasileiro de Insuficiência Cardíaca – Aspectos Clínicos, Qualidade Assistencial e Desfechos Hospitalares

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in adults in Brazil. However, most of the available data is limited to unicenter registries. The BREATHE registry is the first to include a large sample of hospitalized patients with decompensated HF from different regions in Brazil. Objective: Describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of hospitalized patients admitted with acute HF. Methods: Observational registry study with longitudinal follow-up. The eligibility criteria included patients older than 18 years with a definitive diagnosis of HF, admitted to public or private hospitals. Assessed outcomes included the causes of decompensation, use of medications, care quality indicators, hemodynamic profile and intrahospital events. Results: A total of 1,263 patients (64±16 years, 60% women) were included from 51 centers from different regions in Brazil. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (70.8%), dyslipidemia (36.7%) and diabetes (34%). Around 40% of the patients had normal left ventricular systolic function and most were admitted with a wet-warm clinical-hemodynamic profile. Vasodilators and intravenous inotropes were used in less than 15% of the studied cohort. Care quality indicators based on hospital discharge recommendations were reached in less than 65% of the patients. Intrahospital mortality affected 12.6% of all patients included. Conclusion: The BREATHE study demonstrated the high intrahospital mortality of patients admitted with acute HF in Brazil, in addition to the low rate of prescription of drugs based on evidence. .

Fundamento: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma das principais causas de hospitalização em adultos no Brasil, no entanto a maioria dos dados disponíveis é limitada a registros unicêntricos. O registro BREATHE é o primeiro a incluir uma ampla amostra de pacientes hospitalizados com IC descompensada de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas, tratamento e prognóstico intra-hospitalar de pacientes admitidos com IC aguda. Métodos: Estudo observacional tipo registro, com seguimento longitudinal. Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíram pacientes acima de 18 anos com diagnóstico definitivo de IC, admitidos em hospitais públicos ou privados. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram causas de descompensação, uso de medicações, indicadores de qualidade assistencial, perfil hemodinâmico e eventos intra-hospitalares. Resultados: O total de 1.263 pacientes (64 ± 16 anos, 60% mulheres) foi incluído a partir de 51 centros de diferentes regiões do Brasil. As comorbidades mais comuns foram hipertensão arterial (70,8%), dislipidemia (36,7%) e diabetes (34%). Em torno de 40% dos pacientes apresentavam função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo normal e a maioria foi admitida com perfil clínico-hemodinâmico quente-úmido. Vasodilatadores e inotrópicos endovenosos foram administrados a menos de 15% da amostra estudada. Indicadores de qualidade assistencial baseados nas orientações de alta hospitalar foram atingidos em menos de 65% dos pacientes. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar afetou 12,6% do total dos pacientes incluídos. Conclusão: O estudo BREATHE demonstrou a alta mortalidade intra-hospitalar dos pacientes admitidos com IC aguda no Brasil, somada à baixa taxa de prescrição de medicamentos baseados em evidências. .