The use of sestamibi imaging in parathyroid hyperplasia.

The authors describe a 42-year-old man with parathyroid hyperplasia secondary to chronic renal failure. Parathyroidectomy was indicated because of persistent hypercalcemia and an increasing parathyroid hormone level despite medical management. A parathyroid sestamibi scan was performed immediately before operation and a gamma-detecting probe was used during operation. Six parathyroid glands weighing nearly 21 g were present. Without the use of the gamma-detecting probe during operation, one of the glands would have been missed. The efficacy of sestamibi scanning with parathyroid hyperplasia is discussed.

Acute resting myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with diabetes mellitus: results from the Emergency Room Assessment of Sestamibi for Evaluation of Chest Pain (ERASE Chest Pain) trial.

BACKGROUND: Resting myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) improves the triage of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia (ACI). In the ED setting the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a predictor of ACI and hospitalization, but the role of resting MPI in patients with DM is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A secondary data analysis of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of ED evaluation strategies in patients with symptoms suggestive of ACI and normal or nondiagnostic electrocardiograms was performed. In the main trial 2475 patients were randomized to receive either the usual ED evaluation strategy (n = 1260) or the usual strategy supplemented by results from resting MPI by use of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technetium 99m sestamibi (n = 1215). Patients with diabetes (n = 341) were evaluated separately. Imaging results, final diagnoses, effect on triage, and prognostic value of the SPECT imaging were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Of the 341 patients with diabetes, 153 (45%) were randomized to the imaging strategy. Patients with DM had higher rates of hospitalization (66% vs 49.6%, P = .0001) and ACI (21.1% vs 12.0%, P < .001) than patients without DM. Among diabetic patients without ACI, the admission rate was 63% in the usual strategy group versus 54% in the imaging strategy group (relative risk [RR] = 0.91 [95% CI, 0.76-1.06]; P = .24). There was no difference in the magnitude of this reduced risk of admission compared with patients without DM (RR = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.77-0.92]; P = .0002 for patients without DM and P = .35 for interaction of diabetes and RR reduction). CONCLUSIONS: Acute resting MPI with Tc-99m sestamibi is associated with improved triage decision making in symptomatic ED patients with diabetes.

Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation and triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Observational studies of acute myocardial perfusion imaging in emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain have suggested high sensitivity and negative predictive value for acute cardiac ischemia, but use of this method has not been prospectively tested. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether incorporating acute resting perfusion imaging into an ED evaluation strategy for patients with suspected acute ischemia but no initial electrocardiogram (ECG) changes diagnostic of acute ischemia improves clinical decision making for initial ED triage. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted at 7 academic medical centers and community hospitals between July 1997 and May 1999 among 2475 adult ED patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia and with normal or nondiagnostic initial ECG results. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either the usual ED evaluation strategy (n = 1260) or the usual strategy supplemented with results from acute resting myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography with injection of 20 to 30 mCi of Tc-99m sestamibi (n = 1215), interpreted in real time by local staff physicians and with results provided to the ED physician for incorporation into clinical decision making. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Appropriateness of triage decision either to admit to hospital/observation or to discharge directly home from the ED. RESULTS: Among patients with acute cardiac ischemia (ie, acute myocardial infarction [MI] or unstable angina; n = 329), there were no differences in ED triage decisions between those receiving standard evaluation and those whose evaluation was supplemented by a sestamibi scan. Among patients with acute MI (n = 56), 97% vs 96% were hospitalized (relative risk [RR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-1.12), and among those with unstable angina (n = 273), 83% vs 81% were hospitalized (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87-1.10). However, among patients without acute cardiac ischemia (n = 2146), hospitalization was 52% with usual care vs 42% with sestamibi imaging (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Sestamibi perfusion imaging improves ED triage decision making for patients with symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia without obvious abnormalities on initial ECG. In this study, unnecessary hospitalizations were reduced among patients without acute ischemia, without reducing appropriate admission for patients with acute ischemia.