RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Oral contraception is one of the most popular contraceptive methods both in adults and adolescents. However, the effects of oral contraception on lipids in adolescents are not well studied. METHODS: Lipid profiles were measured and contraceptive use was assessed in 14- to 19-year-old female participants of the prospective population-based Early Vascular Ageing-Tyrol Study between 2015 and 2018, twice on average 22 months apart. RESULTS: For this analysis, data from 828 young women with a median age of 17.0 years were available. Of them, 317 (38%) used oral contraceptives (OCs). OC users had a slightly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and larger changes over time and were more likely to use cigarettes than nonusers. Total cholesterol (179.6 vs. 162.4 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (106.4 vs. 94.6 mg/dL), and triglycerides (104.0 vs. 67.0 mg/dL) were significantly higher in OC users after multivariable adjustment in linear regression models. No difference in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol between the two groups was found. In 558 females, follow-up data were available. Those who initiated OC use had on average 15.4 mg/dL higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and 36.2 mg/dL higher triglyceride level changes between baseline and follow-up than never users. Duration of OC use did not show a significant association with lipid levels and changes. DISCUSSION: We showed an independent association between OC use and blood lipids as well as lipid trajectories over time in a large cohort of healthy adolescents. These changes are especially relevant to consider in adolescents with other risk factors for dyslipidemia or other cardiovascular risk factors.
Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Orales , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Anticonceptivos Orales/administración & dosificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto Joven , Lípidos/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Colesterol/sangreRESUMEN
(1) Background: Unhealthy dietary behaviors are estimated to be one of the leading causes of death globally and are often shaped at a young age. Here, we investigated adolescent diet quality and its predictors, including nutrition knowledge, in two large Central European cohorts. (2) Methods: In 3056 participants of the EVA-Tyrol and EVA4YOU prospective population-based cohort studies aged 14 to 19 years, diet quality was assessed using the AHEI-2010 and DASH scores, and nutrition knowledge was assessed using the questionnaire from Turconi et al. Associations were examined utilizing multivariable linear regression. (3) Results: The mean overall AHEI-2010 score was 42%, and the DASH score was 45%. Female participants (60.6%) had a significantly higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. AHEI-2010 and DASH scores were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with sex, school type, smoking, and total daily energy intake. The DASH score was additionally significantly associated (p < 0.001) with age, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Participants with better nutrition knowledge were more likely to be older, to attend a general high school, to live in a high-income household, to be non-smokers, and to have a higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. (4) Conclusions: Predictors of better diet quality included female sex, physical activity, educational level, and nutrition knowledge. These results may aid focused interventions to improve diet quality in adolescents.