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The membrane-integrated synthase FKS is involved in the biosynthesis of ß-1,3-glucan, the core component of the fungal cell wall1,2. FKS is the target of widely prescribed antifungal drugs, including echinocandin and ibrexafungerp3,4. Unfortunately, the mechanism of action of FKS remains enigmatic and this has hampered development of more effective medicines targeting the enzyme. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKS1 and the echinocandin-resistant mutant FKS1(S643P). These structures reveal the active site of the enzyme at the membrane-cytoplasm interface and a glucan translocation path spanning the membrane bilayer. Multiple bound lipids and notable membrane distortions are observed in the FKS1 structures, suggesting active FKS1-membrane interactions. Echinocandin-resistant mutations are clustered at a region near TM5-6 and TM8 of FKS1. The structure of FKS1(S643P) reveals altered lipid arrangements in this region, suggesting a drug-resistant mechanism of the mutant enzyme. The structures, the catalytic mechanism and the molecular insights into drug-resistant mutations of FKS1 revealed in this study advance the mechanistic understanding of fungal ß-1,3-glucan biosynthesis and establish a foundation for developing new antifungal drugs by targeting FKS.
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Microscopía por Crioelectrón , Glucosiltransferasas , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Antifúngicos/farmacología , beta-Glucanos/metabolismo , Dominio Catalítico , Membrana Celular/química , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica/genética , Equinocandinas/farmacología , Glucosiltransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glucosiltransferasas/química , Glucosiltransferasas/genética , Glucosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Glucosiltransferasas/ultraestructura , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mutación , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimología , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Recent studies have suggested exosomes (EXO) as potential therapeutic tools for cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (AS). This study investigates the function of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (EXO) on macrophage pyroptosis in AS and explores the associated mechanism. BMSC-EXO were isolated from healthy mice and identified. RAW264.7 cells (mouse macrophages) were exposed to oxLDL to simulate an AS condition. BMSC-EXO treatment enhanced viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release of macrophages. An animal model of AS was established using ApoE-/- mice. BMSC-EXO treatment suppressed plaque formation as well as macrophage and lipid infiltration in mouse aortic tissues. Moreover, BMSC-EXO decreased concentrations of pyroptosis-related markers interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-18, cleaved-caspase-1 and gasdermin D in vitro and in vivo. Long non-coding RNA AU020206 was carried by the BMSC-EXO, and it bound to CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) to block CEBPB-mediated transcriptional activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Functional assays revealed that silencing of AU020206 aggravated macrophage pyroptosis and exacerbated AS symptoms in mice. These exacerbations were blocked upon CEBPB silencing but then restored after NLRP3 overexpression. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that AU020206 delivered by BMSC-EXO alleviates macrophage pyroptosis in AS by blocking CEBPB-mediated transcriptional activation of NLRP3.
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Aterosclerosis , Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT , Exosomas , Macrófagos , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Piroptosis , ARN Largo no Codificante , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Aterosclerosis/genética , Aterosclerosis/patología , Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT/genética , Exosomas/genética , Exosomas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Piroptosis/genética , Células RAW 264.7 , ARN Largo no Codificante/genéticaRESUMEN
Research on 2D materials originally focused on the highly symmetrical materials like graphene, h-BN. Recently, 2D materials with low-symmetry lattice such as PdSe2 have drawn extensive attention, due to the interesting layer-dependent bandgap, promising mechanical properties and excellent thermoelectric performance, etc. In this work, the phonon thermal transport is studied in PdSe2 with a pentagonal fold structure. The thermal conductivity of PdSe2 flakes with different thicknesses ranging from few nanometers to several tens of nanometers is measured through the thermal bridge method, where the thermal conductivity increases from 5.04 W mk-1 for 60 nm PdSe2 to 34.51 W mk-1 for the few-layer one. The atomistic modelings uncover that with the thickness thinning down, the lattice of PdSe2 becomes contracted and the phonon group velocity is enhanced, leading to the abnormal increase in the thermal conductivity. And the upshift of the optical phonon modes contributes to the increase of the thermal conductivity as well by creating less acoustic phonon scattering as the thickness reduces. This study probes the interesting abnormal thickness-dependent thermal transport in 2D materials, which promotes the potential thermal management at nanoscale.
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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a highly sensitive trace detection technique in recent decades, yet its exceptional performance remains elusive in semiconductor materials due to the intricate and ambiguous nature of the SERS mechanism. Herein, we have synthesized MoS2 nanoflowers (NFs) decorated with Au nanoparticles (NPs) by hydrothermal and redox methods to explore the size-dependence SERS effect. This strategy enhances the interactions between the substrate and molecules, resulting in exceptional uniformity and reproducibility. Compared to the unadorned Au nanoparticles (NPs), the decoration of Au NPs induces an n-type effect on MoS2, resulting in a significant enhancement of the SERS effect. This augmentation empowers MoS2 to achieve a low limit of detection concentration of 2.1 × 10-9 M for crystal violet (CV) molecules and the enhancement factor (EF) is about 8.52 × 106. The time-stability for a duration of 20 days was carried out, revealing that the Raman intensity of CV on the MoS2/Au-6 substrate only exhibited a reduction of 24.36% after undergoing aging for 20 days. The proposed mechanism for SERS primarily stems from the synergistic interplay among the resonance of CV molecules, local surface plasma resonance (LSPR) of Au NPs, and the dual-step charge transfer enhancement. This research offers comprehensive insights into SERS enhancement and provides guidance for the molecular design of highly sensitive SERS systems.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: To explore the feasibility of a standardized training and assessment system for magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG). METHODS: The results of 90 trainees who underwent the standardized training and assessment system of the MCCG at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2020 to November 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. The trainees were divided into three groups according to their medical backgrounds: doctor, nurse, and non-medical groups. The training and assessment system adopted the '7 + 2' mode, seven days of training plus two days of theoretical and operational assessment. The passing rates of theoretical, operational, and total assessment were the primary outcomes. Satisfaction and mastery of the MCCG was checked. RESULTS: Ninety trainees were assessed; theoretical assessment's passing rates in the three groups were 100%. The operational and total assessment passing rates were 100% (25/25), 97.92% (47/48), and 94.12% (16/17), for the doctor, nurse, and non-doctor groups respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 1.741, p = 0.419). No bleeding or perforation occurred during the procedure. Approximately, 96.00% (24/25), 95.83% (46/48), and 94.12% (16/17) of the doctor, nurse and non-medical groups anonymously expressed great satisfaction, respectively, without statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.565, p = 1.000). The average follow-up time was 4-36 months, and 87 trainees (96.67%) had mastered the operation of the MCCG in daily work. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized training and assessment of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopists is effective and feasible. Additionally, a strict assessment system and long-term communication and learning can improve teaching effects.
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Endoscopía Capsular , Competencia Clínica , Gastroscopía , Humanos , Gastroscopía/educación , Gastroscopía/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Endoscopía Capsular/métodos , Endoscopía Capsular/educación , Adulto , Estudios de Factibilidad , Evaluación Educacional/métodos , Magnetismo , ChinaRESUMEN
The Warburg effect is the preference of cancer cells to use glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy. Accumulating evidence suggests that aerobic glycolysis is widespread in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and closely related to tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) in aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis in HCC. Here, we found that FOXP2 was lower expressed in HCC tissues and cells than in nontumor tissues and normal hepatocytes. Overexpression of FOXP2 suppressed cell proliferation and invasion of HCC cells and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro, and hindered the growth of mouse xenograft tumors in vivo. Further researches showed that FOXP2 inhibited the Warburg effect in HCC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that FOXP2 up-regulated the expression of fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase (FBP1), and the inhibitory effect of FOXP2 on glycolysis was dependent on FBP1. Mechanistically, as a transcription factor, FOXP2 negatively regulated the transcription of lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A), and then blocked KDM5A-induced H3K4me3 demethylation in FBP1 promoter region, thereby promoting the expression of FBP1. Consistently, overexpressing KDM5A or silencing FBP1 effectively reversed the inhibitory effect of FOXP2 on HCC progression. Together, our findings revealed the mechanistic role of the FOXP2/KDM5A/FBP1 axis in glycolysis and malignant progression of HCC cells, providing a potential molecular target for the therapy of HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Glucólisis , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteína 2 de Unión a Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismoRESUMEN
Zn metal has received immense interest as a promising anode of rechargeable aqueous batteries for grid-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, the uncontrollable dendrite growth and surface parasitic reactions greatly retard its practical implementation. Herein, we demonstrate a seamless and multifunctional metal-organic framework (MOF) interphase for building corrosion-free and dendrite-free Zn anodes. The on-site coordinated MOF interphase with 3D open framework structure could function as a highly zincophilic mediator and ion sifter that synergistically induces fast and uniform Zn nucleation/deposition. In addition, the surface corrosion and hydrogen evolution are significantly suppressed by the interface shielding of the seamless interphase. An ultrastable Zn plating/stripping is achieved with elevated Coulombic efficiency of 99.2% over 1000 cycles and prolonged lifetime of 1100 h at 10 mA cm-2 with a high cumulative plated capacity of 5.5 Ah cm-2. Moreover, the modified Zn anode assures the MnO2-based full cells with superior rate and cycling performance.
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Immobilization-free sensors (IFSs), with no requirement of fixing the recognition element to the electrode surface, have received increasing attention due to their unique advantages of reusable electrodes, not being limited by the load of the recognition element, and not being easily changed to the structure of the probe. In the present work, an effective visible light-driven immobilization-free photoelectric aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of atrazine (ATZ) was proposed based on a reusable BiOBr/Ag NP substrate electrode with ultrafast charge transfer. Controllable thiols were used as conditioning agents for the photoelectric signal. The ingeniously designed bifunctional graphene can act as not only a molecular "bridge" for the ATZ aptamer through a strong π-π stacking effect, obtaining a graphene-aptamer complex, serving as a homogeneous recognition element, but also a switch for signal modulation for quantitative detection of target substances. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned factors, the proposed sensor is capable of ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of ATZ in real water samples with a low detection limit of 1.2 pM and a wide linear range from 5.0 pM to 10.0 nM. Furthermore, it shows high stability, good selectivity, and strong anti-interference ability. Thus, this work has provided a fresh perspective for designing advanced immobilization-free photoelectric sensors and convenient detection of environmental pollutants.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the virus-host interaction. Our previous work has indicated that the expression level of miR-10a increased in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and further inhibited viral replication through downregulates the expression of host molecule signal-recognition particle 14 (SRP14) protein. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-10a increased after PRRSV infection remains unknown. In the present study, transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) was identified as a negative regulator of miR-10a. PRRSV infection decreases the expression level of IRF8 in PAMs, leading to upregulating miR-10a expression to play an anti-PRRSV role. Meanwhile, this work first proved that IRF8 promoted PRRSV replication in an miR-10a-dependent manner. Further, we explained that SRP14, the target gene of miR-10a, promotes the synthesis of the PRRSV genome by interacting with the viral components Nsp2, thus facilitating PRRSV replication. In conclusion, we identified a novel IRF8-miR-10a-SRP14 regulatory pathway against PRRSV infection, which provides new insights into virus-host interactions and suggests potential new antiviral strategies to control PRRSV. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has rapidly spread to the global pig industry and caused incalculable economic damage since first discovered in the 1980s. However, conventional vaccines do not provide satisfactory protection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of host resistance to PRRSV infection is necessary to develop safe and effective strategies to control PRRSV. During viral infection, miRNAs play vital roles in regulating the expression of viral or host genes at the posttranscriptional level. The significance of our study is that we revealed the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the antiviral molecule miR-10a after PRRSV infection. Moreover, our research also explained the mechanism of host molecule SRP14, the target gene of miR-10a regulating PRRSV replication. Thus, we report a novel regulatory pathway of IRF8-miR-10a-SRP14 against PRRSV infection, which provides new insights into virus-host interactions and suggests potential new control measures for future PRRSV outbreaks.
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MicroARNs , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino , Animales , Antivirales/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Interacciones Microbiota-Huesped/inmunología , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/genética , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/inmunología , Macrófagos Alveolares , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/inmunología , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/inmunología , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/virología , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/genética , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/inmunología , Porcinos , Replicación Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in regulating the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Herein, we aimed to investigate how circRNA phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα (circPI4KA, hsa_circ_0062389) functioned as an oncogene in PTC. CircPI4KA, microRNA-1287-5p (miR-1287-5p) and Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) level detection were completed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Cell proliferation was assessed through Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, and EdU assay. Transwell assay was used for detecting migration and invasion abilities. Cell migration was also determined by wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry assay. The protein examination was performed using western blot. Glycolysis was evaluated via commercial kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were conducted for target analysis. The role of circPI4KA in vivo was explored and analyzed via tumor xenograft assay. CircPI4KA was significantly upregulated in PTC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circPI4KA suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, glycolysis, and induced apoptosis of PTC cells. CircPI4KA interacted with miR-1287-5p in PTC cells. The antitumor function of circPI4KA downregulation was reversed by inhibition of miR-1287-5p. The miR-1287-5p directly targeted NRP2, and circPI4KA elevated the NRP2 expression by sponging miR-1287-5p. PTC progression was impeded by miR-1287-5p via targeting NRP2. Silencing circPI4KA inhibited tumor growth in vivo through the miR-1287-5p/NRP2 axis. The collective results revealed that circPI4KA induced the upregulation of NRP2 via sponging miR-1287-5p, thus acting as a carcinogenic factor in PTC.
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MicroARNs , Neuropilina-2 , ARN Circular , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Carcinogénesis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Glucólisis/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Neuropilina-2/genética , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/genética , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genética , ARN Circular/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Numerous common oncogenic driver events have been confirmed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although targeted therapy has revolutionized NSCLC treatment, some patients still do not respond. NCAPG, also known as non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G, was positively associated with proliferation and migration in several tumor types. METHODS: We used transcriptional sequencing and TCGA database analysis to identify NCAPG as a new therapeutic target for NSCLC. The oncogenic roles of NCAPG in NSCLC tumor growth and metastasis were detected in vitro and in vivo. Ncapg+/+ or Ncapg+/- mice with urethane treatment were analyzed for oncogenesis of NSCLC. RESULTS: We investigated NCAPG as a new oncogenic driver which promoted NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression. We used transcriptome sequencing and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis to screen and found that NCAPG was negatively correlated with NSCLC survival. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that NCAPG overexpression was an independent risk factor for NSCLC survival. Functionally, NCAPG knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. We exposed wildtype or Ncapg+/- mice to urethane and discovered that urethane-induced lung tumors were reduced in Ncapg+/- mice. Mechanistically, the function of NCAPG in promoting initiation and progression of NSCLC was closely related to LGALS1, which was also upregulated in NSCLC and might interact directly with NCAPG. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that NCAPG is one of the essential factors for NSCLC oncogenesis and progression, providing a new target for prognosis prediction and treatment of NSCLC.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Galectina 1 , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Animales , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Galectina 1/genética , Galectina 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Ratones , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
DNA logic gates, as a class of smart molecular devices with excellent biocompatibility and convenient information processing mode, have been widely used for identification of cancer cells based on logic analysis of cancer biomarkers. However, most of the developed DNA logic gates for identification of cancer cells are mainly driven by homogeneous biomarkers such as membrane proteins or RNAs, which may suffer from insufficient accuracy. Herein, we reported a membrane protein and extracellular acid heterogeneity-driven amplified DNA logic gate (HDLG) for accurate and sensitive identification of cancer cells by combining the superior signal amplification characteristics of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and the precise computation ability of the logic operation. In this strategy, a DNA aptamer was employed for membrane protein recognition, and a split i-motif was used for the response of the extracellular acid. Only when the two heterogeneous biomarkers existed simultaneously, the DNA logic gate could be driven to perform the "AND" logic operation and induce the formation of an intact trigger to initiate a HCR process on the cell surface, generating an amplified "ON" fluorescence signal. Benefiting from the design of heterogeneity-driven and signal amplification, this DNA logic gate could not only autonomously perform high-resolution fluorescence imaging on the surface of target cancer cells, but also perform sensitive analysis of target cancer cells with a cell number of 70 detected in 200 µL of buffer and desirable accuracy in differentiating target cancer cells from complicated cell mixtures. We anticipate that this novel HDLG is expected to be applied in precise disease diagnosis.
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Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Computadores Moleculares , ADN , Proteínas de la Membrana , Neoplasias , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , ADN/genética , ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/genéticaRESUMEN
The desire for a cancer theranostic system with simultaneously accurate diagnosis and efficient therapy is undeniably interminable. Heretofore, theranostic systems with simple components were designed for cancer theranostics but with confined accuracy of diagnosis and side effects of administered drugs. Here, we report an activatable theranostic system for simultaneously imaging dual cancer-related RNAs, mRNA Bcl-2 and piRNA-36026, and combined gene-chemotherapy through the target-induced intracellular disassembly of DNA tetrahedron. Briefly, five customized oligonucleotides are used to assemble the functionalized DNA tetrahedron. The relevant functional nucleic acids, including the antisequence of mRNA Bcl-2, the antisequence of piRNA-36026, and aptamer AS1411, are designed in the customized oligonucleotides with the signal reporters Cy3 and Cy5. Doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded in the functionalized DNA tetrahedron by inlaying between cytosine and guanine to form the activatable cancer theranostic system. The activatable cancer theranostic system is able to recognize MCF-7 cells by aptamer AS1411 and then enter the cells. In the presence of targets, the antisequences in the activatable cancer theranostic system hybridize with intracellular mRNA Bcl-2 and piRNA-36026, leading to the fluorescence signal recovery of Cy3 and Cy5 and the downregulation of two targets in the cytoplasm as well as the consequent apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in the form of gene therapy. Interestingly, as the antisequences are designed in the assembly strands, the hybridization between targets and the antisequences results in the disassembly of the activatable cancer theranostic system and the release of DOX as well as sequential chemotherapy. Advantageously, the activatable cancer theranostic system can achieve imaging of dual cancer-related RNAs with an imaging time window as long as 15 h and exhibit an obvious therapeutic effect in vivo. Therefore, this work is in furtherance of exploration for activatable cancer theranostic systems with high accuracy and efficiency and sheds new light on the development of precision medicine.
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Neoplasias , Nanomedicina Teranóstica , ADN , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/terapia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , ARN Mensajero , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodosRESUMEN
Luteinizing hormone (LH)/lutropin is an interstitial cell-stimulating hormone playing a predominant role in the reproductive system, and highly correlated with the infertility treatment in both men and women. This research was concentrated to quantify LH level by using interdigitated electrode sensor. To improve the electric current flow, sensing electrode was modified with graphene oxide (GO) and the aptamer probe was attached on GO through biotin-streptavidin linker. Current responses were measured with aptamer-LH interaction at the target concentrations between 7.5 nM and 1 µM and the detection limit of LH was calculated as 60 nM with the determination coefficient (R2 ) value, 0.9229 [y = 1.296x - 2.8435] on a linear range from 30 nM to 1 µM. Further, biofouling effect on sensing electrode surface was analyzed with complementary aptamer sequence, control proteins (albumin and globulin). The above GO-aptamer-modified interdigitated electrode sensor helps to quantify LH level and diagnose gynecological endocrinology-related complications.
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Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Técnicas Biosensibles , Grafito , Femenino , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Hormona Luteinizante , MasculinoRESUMEN
Observing the structure and regeneration of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves following injury and during repair would help in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases caused by an abnormal myelin sheath. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and transcriptome analyses were used to investigate the structure and regeneration of the myelin sheath after end-to-end anastomosis, autologous nerve transplantation, and nerve tube transplantation in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury, with normal optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, sciatic nerve, and Schwann cells used as controls. The results suggested that the double-bilayer was the structural unit that constituted the myelin sheath. The major feature during regeneration was the compaction of the myelin sheath, wherein the distance between the 2 layers of cell membrane in the double-bilayer became shorter and the adjacent double-bilayers tightly closed together and formed the major dense line. The expression level of myelin basic protein was positively correlated with the formation of the major dense line, and the compacted myelin sheath could not be formed without the anchoring of the lipophilin particles to the myelin sheath.
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Vaina de Mielina/ultraestructura , Regeneración Nerviosa , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/metabolismo , Animales , Axones/metabolismo , Axones/ultraestructura , Vaina de Mielina/metabolismo , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/patología , RatasRESUMEN
In situ stimuli-responsive molecular devices have gained much attention in biomedical areas due to their characteristics of increased image contrast and drug accumulation. Herein, we present a hand-in-hand in situ tile assembly for improved visualization of TK1 mRNA and killing of cancer cells. A pH-responsive and aptamer-functionalized tile motif (pH-Apt-TM) was first formed by four single-strand DNA, possessing pH-responsiveness and intracellular TK1 mRNA recognition capacity. When encountering target cells, the pH-Apt-TM could recognize target receptors on the cell surface through the aptamer domain. Meanwhile, the extracellular acidic pH gathered the pH-Apt-TM into a multifunctional hand-in-hand DNA tile assembly (HDTA) on the cells' surface. Compared to the pH-Apt-TM, studies revealed that the HDTA exhibited enhanced recognition, efficient cellular uptake, and improved visualization of TK1 mRNA, accompanied by gene silencing. Moreover, using Dox as a chemotherapeutic model, specific drug delivery and enhanced cell killing were achieved with target cells.
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Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Nanoestructuras , Neoplasias , Línea Celular Tumoral , ADN , Doxorrubicina , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , ARN Mensajero/genéticaRESUMEN
Herein, we subtly engineered a pH and membrane receptor dual-activatable aptamer therapeutic for bispecific tumor cell imaging and in situ drug release by utilizing a hairpin-contained i-motif as the acid-responsive element to be complementary with a tumor-targeted aptamer, named as an aptamer "molecule-doctor" (pH-Apt-MD). Specifically, the pH-Apt-MD consisted of two DNA strands, where the Apt-sgc8c was labeled with AF488 and Cy3 at its 5'- and 3'-end, respectively. The I-strand, a hairpin-contained i-motif, was complementary to the Apt-sgc8c strand partially, labeled with a BHQ2 in the middle, thus generating Cy3 with quenched fluorescence and only AF488-emitted fluorescence. The double-helix region of pH-Apt-MD was designed rich in GC bases, providing sites for doxorubicin (Dox) intercalation. Once target cells were encountered, the pH-Apt-MD disassembled due to the specific recognition of the aptamer and conformation change of the i-motif, with activated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signals between AF488 and Cy3, accompanied by Dox release in situ. Benefiting from the design of the hairpin-contained i-motif, the pH-Apt-MD presented a narrow pH response range (pH 6.0-6.8) with a transition midpoint (pHT) of 6.50 ± 0.04. Furthermore, living cell studies revealed that the stimuli-responsive FRET signal activation of pH-Apt-MD was successfully achieved on the HCT116 cell surface with ultralow background and enhanced imaging contrast. Then, the cytotoxicity experiments proved that accurate drug release and cell killing were realized to target cells in an acidic microenvironment. As a facile double stimuli-responsive strategy, the pH-Apt-MD may hold great promise for application in precise diagnosis and therapy of cancer cells.
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Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Neoplasias , Línea Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Evidence accumulated in recent years has revealed that neutrophils are involved in the initial establishment of endometriosis, which is well-known as a chronic inflammatory disease. So far, why and how neutrophils promote the formation of early endometriosis are still unclear. In this study, using a mouse model of endometriosis, we demonstrated that endometriosis mice (EMs mice) had a significantly increased number of neutrophils in peritoneal fluids and lesions, and increased levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IL-6 in serum and peritoneal fluids compared to the control group. In the neutrophils and uterine fragments co-injection experiment, neutrophils regulated by G-CSF and IL-6 had a similar effect to neutrophils from EMs mice, increasing the number, area, weight and microvessel density (MVD) of endometriotic lesions. Blocking the effect of G-CSF and IL-6 in EMs mice resulted in a decrease in the number, area and weight of endometriotic lesions. Following the depletion of neutrophils in vivo using a anti-Ly6G antibody, the MVD in the lesions of mice treated with neutrophils from EMs mice and neutrophils from pG/pI6 mice were significantly reduced. Neutrophils from EMs mice and neutrophils from pG/pI6 mice altered the expression levels of Mmp9, Bv8 and Trail genes compared to the neutrophils from PBS-treated mice. IL-6 together with G-CSF induced a higher expression of phospho-STAT3 and STAT3 in neutrophils. These findings suggest that neutrophils modulated by G-CSF and IL-6 through the STAT3 pathway alter the expression levels of the angiogenesis-related genes Mmp9, Bv8 and Trail, and may promote the establishment of early endometriosis.
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Endometriosis/metabolismo , Endometrio/irrigación sanguínea , Endometrio/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Endometriosis/inmunología , Endometriosis/patología , Endometrio/inmunología , Femenino , Hormonas Gastrointestinales/genética , Hormonas Gastrointestinales/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Densidad Microvascular , Neuropéptidos/genética , Neuropéptidos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Fosforilación , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Ligando Inductor de Apoptosis Relacionado con TNF/genética , Ligando Inductor de Apoptosis Relacionado con TNF/metabolismoRESUMEN
Mimosa, a peculiar plant, can close immediately in response to external stimuli. Inspired by the stimuli-responsive behavior of mimosa, we designed a Y-shaped DNA nanosensor (regarded as DNA nanomimosa, DNM) for target tumor extracellular pH (pHe) sensing. The DNM consisted of four single-strand DNA strands, where A-strand contained an aptamer fragment and labeled with Cy5 at the 5'-end, I-strand contained an i-motif fragment, and the 3'-ends of L-strand and B-strand were labeled with Rox and BHQ2, respectively. Initially, the DNM was in an "open" state, Cy5 was separated from Rox and performed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with neighboring BHQ2, and only Rox emitted fluorescence. When the DNM was anchored onto the cell surface through the aptamer fragment, the i-motif fragment tended to form a quadruple-helix structure due to low pH stimuli, releasing B-strand and bringing the DNM into a "close" state like stimulated mimosa. At this time, Cy5 was separated from BHQ2 but close to Rox, which led to the FRET signal generation between Rox and Cy5. The FRET ratio (Cy5/Rox) could be used as a signal for pHe sensing. Using the aptamer as an anchoring element, the DNM exhibited high cell-membrane-anchoring efficiency and excellent specificity. Additionally, relying on the pH-sensitive i-motif and twice FRET signaling mechanism, the DNM possessed a narrow pH response range (0.50 units) and performed imaging of pHe with high resolution. With these advantages, the DNM is expected to be a useful tool for the investigation of the tumor extracellular pH-related physiological processes.
Asunto(s)
Biomimética/instrumentación , Técnicas Biosensibles/instrumentación , ADN/química , Espacio Extracelular/química , Límite de Detección , Mimosa , Nanotecnología/instrumentación , Línea Celular Tumoral , ADN de Cadena Simple/química , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease with abnormal expression of interleukin (IL)-37 which can suppress inflammation and the immune system. Here we investigated the role of the IL-37b splice variant in endometriosis in vivo and in vitro. In a murine model of endometriosis, in vivo administration of IL-37b significantly inhibited the development of lesions judged by the number (P = 0.0213), size (P = 0.0130) and weight (P = 0.0152) of lesions. IL-37b had no effect on the early stage of lesion formation, however administration in the growth stage of lesions decreased the number (P = 0.0158), size (P = 0.0158) and weight (P = 0.0258) of lesions compared with PBS control, an effect that was not reversed by macrophage depletion. Expressions of inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor-A mRNA/protein were significantly inhibited in ectopic lesions following IL-37b administration, and in uterine segments treated in vitro. In vitro treatment of uterine segments with IL-37b inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in uterine segments. Isolated mouse endometrial stromal treated with IL-37b and transfected with pIL-37b plasmid got suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, transfection with pIL-37b significantly decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2. IL-37b also inhibited proliferation and the expression of inflammatory and angiogenesis factors in epithelial cell line RL95-2. These findings suggest that IL-37b may inhibit the growth of lesions by regulating proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and inflammation through Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathway.