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BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) scan is commonly performed for pleural effusion diagnostis in the clinic. However, there are limited data assessing the accuracy of thoracic CT for the separation of transudative from exudative effusions. The study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of thoracic CT in distinguishing transudates from exudates in patients with pleural effusion. METHODS: This is a two-center retrospective analysis of patients with pleural effusion, a total of 209 patients were included from The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology as the derivation cohort (Luoyang cohort), and 195 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University as the validation cohort (Zhengzhou cohort). Patients who underwent thoracic CT scan followed by diagnostic thoracentesis were enrolled. The optimal cut-points of CT value in pleural fluid (PF) and PF to blood CT value ratio for predicting a transudative vs. exudative pleural effusions were determined in the derivation cohort and further verified in the validation cohort. RESULTS: In the Derivation (Luoyang) cohort, patients with exudates had significantly higher CT value [13.01 (10.01-16.11) vs. 4.89 (2.31-9.83) HU] and PF to blood CT value ratio [0.37 (0.27-0.53) vs. 0.16 (0.07-0.26)] than those with transudates. With a cut-off value of 10.81 HU, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CT value were 0.85, 88.89%, 68.90%, 43.96%, and 95.76%, respectively. The optimum cut-value for PF to blood CT value ratio was 0.27 with AUC of 0.86, yielding a sensitivity of 61.11%, specificity of 86.36%, PPV of 78.57%, and NPV of 73.08%. These were further verified in the Validation (Zhengzhou) cohort. CONCLUSIONS: CT value and PF to blood CT value ratio showed good differential abilities in predicting transudates from exudates, which may help to avoid unnecessary thoracentesis.
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Derrame Pleural , Toracocentesis , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Área Bajo la Curva , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Ninety percent of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) are X-linked inherited and are caused by mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor gene (AVPR2). Most affected individuals are males. Only sporadic female cases have been reported. Here, we first reported a female monozygotic twin with discordant phenotypes for NDI carrying a missense variant c.845T>C (p.Leu282Pro) in exon 4 of AVPR2. Intracellular cAMP concentrations in COS7 cells transfected with AVPR2-L282P were significantly decreased by about 60% compared with those in wild-type AVPR2 plasmid transfected cells, suggesting this variation was pathogenic. The X-inactivation pattern was investigated in peripheral leukocytes and urine sediments in both the unaffected and affected pair. Results showed that the affected pair had a skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) pattern in urine sediments and a random XCI pattern in leukocytes, while the unaffected pair showed a random XCI pattern both in leukocytes and urine sediments. This was the first report of monozygotic twins who developed different phenotypes of NDI. Our study suggested that the development of NDI symptoms is more closely associated with the XCI pattern in urine sediments compared with the XCI pattern in peripheral leukocytes. Analysis of XCI in peripheral leukocytes may not be enough to explore possible mechanisms.
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Diabetes Insípida Nefrogénica , Gemelos Monocigóticos , Femenino , Humanos , Diabetes Insípida Nefrogénica/genética , Exones , Mutación Missense , Receptores de Vasopresinas/genética , Gemelos Monocigóticos/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The activated complement cascade is involved in asthmatic airway inflammation. Ficolins are essential for innate immunity and can activate the complement lectin pathway. Despite this, the significance of ficolins in asthma has yet to be determined. This study aimed to explore the presence of ficolins in individuals with asthma and to determine the relationship between ficolins and clinical characteristics. METHODS: For the study, 68 asthmatic patients and 30 healthy control subjects were recruited. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine plasma ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3 concentrations both before and after inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy. Further, the associations of plasma ficolin-1 level with pulmonary function and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) score were examined in the asthma patients. RESULTS: Patients with asthma exhibited significantly elevated plasma ficolin-1 levels (median, 493.9 ng/mL; IQR, 330.2-717.8 ng/mL) in comparison to healthy controls (median, 330.6 ng/mL; IQR, 233.8-371.1 ng/mL). After ICS treatment, plasma ficolin-1 (median, 518.1 ng/mL; IQR, 330.2-727.0 ng/mL) in asthmatic patients was significantly reduced (median, 374.7 ng/mL; IQR, 254.8-562.5 ng/mL). Additionally, ficolin-1 expressions in plasma were significantly correlated with pulmonary function parameters and ACQ score in asthmatic patients. Asthma patients with higher plasma ficolin-1 levels demonstrated poorer lung function than those with lower plasma ficolin-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that asthmatic patients had higher plasma ficolin-1 concentrations, which decreased after ICS treatment and were linked to their lung function, implying a potential involvement of ficolin-1 in asthma pathogenesis.
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Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas , Asma , Humanos , Lectinas/metabolismo , Lectina de Unión a Manosa de la Vía del Complemento , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , FicolinasRESUMEN
Selective oxidation to synthesize nitriles is critical for feedstock manufacturing in the chemical industry. Current strategies typically involve substitutions of alkyl halides with toxic cyanides or the use of strong oxidation reagents (oxygen or peroxide) under ammoxidation/oxidation conditions, setting considerable challenges in energy efficiency, sustainability, and production safety. Herein, we demonstrate a facile, green, and safe electrocatalytic route for selective oxidation of amines to nitriles under ambient conditions, assisted by the anodic water oxidation on metal-doped α-Ni(OH)2 (a typical oxygen evolution reaction catalyst). By controlling the balance between co-adsorption of the amine molecule and hydroxyls on the catalyst surface, we demonstrate that Mn doping significantly promotes the subsequent chemical oxidation of amines, resulting in Faradaic efficiencies of 96% for nitriles under ≥99% conversion. This anodic oxidation is further coupled with cathodic hydrogen evolution for overall atomic economy and additional green energy production.
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BACKGROUND: Endothelial damage is one of the pathogenic conditions of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). The essential role of angiogenin, ribonuclease A family, member 2 (Ang-2) in APE remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of Ang-2 in the clinical outcomes of patients with APE. METHODS: Plasma Ang-2 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit using a DuoSet methodology in 118 APE patients and 53 healthy controls. Baseline data relevant to mortality over time were obtained from hospital databases or by patient's follow-up (median follow-up time: 25.0 ± 13.2 months). The main outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Plasma Ang-2 level was significantly higher in APE patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Patients dying during the first 30 days presented higher baseline levels of Ang-2 than the survivors (p < 0.001). Patients dying during the follow-up also showed higher baseline levels of Ang-2 than the survivors (p < 0.001). The multi-variable logistic regression analysis showed that the N-terminal propeptide of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) [odds ratio (OR): 19.8; 95% CI: 1.5 - 255.8; p = 0.022] and Ang-2 (OR: 9.9; 95% CI: 1.4 - 70.5; p = 0.022) emerged as independent predictors of the 30-day mortality. Furthermore, the multivariable Cox's regression identified plasma Ang-2 [hazards ratio (HR): 1.35; 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.66; p = 0.004] as an independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients with APE. CONCLUSIONS: A high circulating level of Ang-2 can be considered as an independent predictor for the poor outcome of APE and may serve as a biomarker for the risk stratification in patients with APE.
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Angiopoyetina 2 , Embolia Pulmonar , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/sangre , Enfermedad Aguda , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Pronóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Manganese-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of aryl amidines for the synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinolines in the presence of vinylene carbonate has been developed. The reaction features a broad substrate scope and proceeds under mild reaction conditions with only the carbonate anion as the byproduct.
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Cherries are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds and are often fermented into cherry wines. The degradation of anthocyanins during storage will cause color deterioration. The study aimed to utilize sinapic acid and grape tannins in cherry wine to maintain a high fraction in the colored forms of anthocyanins, in order to maximize the color intensity, the latter being associated with good product quality. The effects on the anthocyanin profile and on color parameters of copigments, utilizing spectral measurement combined with UPLC-MS quantitative analysis, have been evaluated in sweet cherry wines. The copigmentation effect of sinapic acid and grape tannin was accompanied by the bathochromic shift and the hyperchromic effect, which lead to an increase in color intensity (lower L*, higher a* and b*). During the aging process, sinapic and grape tannin increased the content of pyranoanthocyanins in cherry wine, especially the addition of sinapic acid makes the cherry wine generate 10-syringyl-pyranocyanidin-3-rutinoside. These results demonstrate that sinapic acid is suitable for adding before alcohol fermentation, while grape tannins can be added before aging.
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Antocianinas/análisis , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Prunus avium/química , Taninos/análisis , Vino/análisis , Antocianinas/química , Color , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Pigmentación , Análisis de Componente Principal , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Proantocianidinas/química , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Taninos/químicaRESUMEN
Electrochemical organic synthesis has attracted increasing attentions as a sustainable and versatile synthetic platform. Quantitative assessment of the electro-organic reactions, including reaction thermodynamics, electro-kinetics, and coupled chemical processes, can lead to effective analytical tool to guide their future design. Herein, we demonstrate that electrochemical parameters such as onset potential, Tafel slope, and effective voltage can be utilized as electro-descriptors for the evaluation of reaction conditions and prediction of reactivities (yields). An "electro-descriptor-diagram" is generated, where reactive and non-reactive conditions/substances show distinct boundary. Successful predictions of reaction outcomes have been demonstrated using electro-descriptor diagram, or from machine learning algorithms with experimentally-derived electro-descriptors. This method represents a promising tool for data-acquisition, reaction prediction, mechanistic investigation, and high-throughput screening for general organic electro-synthesis.
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BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with high mortality. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with MDR by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE (via Ovid), and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies on the risk factors for MDR bacteria in LRTIs as of November 30, 2019. Literature screening, data abstraction, and quality assessment of the eligible studies were performed independently by two researchers. RESULTS: A total of 3,607 articles were retrieved, of which 21 articles representing 20 cohort studies published in English were included after title/abstract and full-text screening. Among the 21 articles involving 7,650 patients and 1,360 MDR organisms, ten reported the risk factors for MDR Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), ten for MDR GNB, and one for MDR GPB. The meta-analysis results suggested that prior antibiotic treatment, inappropriate antibiotic therapy, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease and cerebral disease, prior MDR and PA infection/colonization, recent hospitalization, longer hospitalization stay, endotracheal tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation, tube feeding, nursing home residence, and higher disease severity score were independent risk factors for MDR bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: This review identified fourteen clinical factors that might increase the risk of MDR bacteria in patients with LRTIs. Clinicians could take into account these factors when selecting antibiotics for patients and determine whether coverage for MDR bacteria is required. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm the various risk factors for MDR bacteria in the future.
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It has long been a challenge for activating O2 by transition-metal nanocatalysts, which might lose activity due to strong tendency for oxidation. Herein, O2 could be activated by durable encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) with N-doped graphitic carbon shells (Co@N-C), but not by encapsulated cobalt NPs with graphitic carbon, exposed cobalt NPs supported on activated carbon, or N-doped carbon. Electron paramagnetic resonance, real-time in situ FTIR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry measurements demonstrated the generation of the highly active superoxide radical, O2.- . This unique ability enables Co@N-C to afford an excellent catalytic performance in model aerobic oxidation of monomeric lignin-derived alcohols. Further analysis elucidated that encapsulated cobalt and nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon might contribute to the capacity through influencing the electronic properties of outer layers. Moreover, through isolation by N-doped graphitic carbon shells, the inner metallic cobalt NPs are inaccessible in term of either alcohols or oxygenated products, and a distinctive resistance to leaching and agglomeration has been achieved.
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Experimental measurement for the binding energy of hydrogen-bonds (HBs) has long been an attractive and challenging topic in chemistry and biochemistry. In the present study, the binding energy of OH···O HBs can be determined by 1H NMR technique using a set of model biomass-derived hydroxyl compounds, including furfuryl alcohol, isosorbide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and (S)-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran. By performing concentration- and temperature-variation experiments, we put forward a modified Arrhenius-type equation, in which the compensated natural logarithm of the chemical shift (ln δ + Δδ) is linearly correlated with 1/T. HBs energies can be directly determined by the slope of the plot, and are substantiated by density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. This study provides a reliable method to measure the binding energy of OH···O HBs in hydroxyl-containing biomass-derived feedstocks.
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With the popularity of various IoT mobile terminals such as mobile phones and sensors, the energy problems of IoT mobile terminals have attracted increasingly more attention. In this paper, we explore the impacts of some important factors of WiFi environments on the energy consumption of mobile phones, which are typical IoT end devices. The factors involve the WiFi signal strength under good signal conditions, the type and the amount of protocol packets that are initiated by WiFi APs (Access Points) to maintain basic network communication with the phones. Controlled experiments are conducted to quantitatively study the phone energy impacts by the above WiFi environmental factors. To describe such impacts, we construct a time-based signal strength-aware energy model and packet type/amount-aware energy models. The models constructed in the paper corroborate the following user experience on phone energy consumption: (1) a phone's energy is drawn faster under higher WiFi signal strengths than under lower ones even in normal signal conditions; (2) phones consume energy faster in a public WiFi network than in a private one even in the basic phone state. The energy modeling methods proposed in the paper enable ordinary developers to analyze phone energy draw conveniently by utilizing inexpensive power meters as measurement tools. The modeling methods are general and are able to be used for phones of any type and any platform.
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Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are known to result from acute or chronic injury to the myelin sheath and inadequate remyelination; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed genome occupancy analysis by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in oligodendrocytes in response to lysolecithin-induced injury and found that Olig2 and its downstream target Gpr17 are critical factors in regulating oligodendrocyte survival. After injury to oligodendrocytes, Olig2 was significantly upregulated and transcriptionally targeted the Gpr17 locus. Gpr17 activation inhibited oligodendrocyte survival by reducing the intracellular cAMP level and inducing expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Xaf1 The protein kinase A signaling pathway and the transcription factor c-Fos mediated the regulatory effects of Gpr17 in oligodendrocytes. We showed that Gpr17 inhibition elevated Epac1 expression and promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation. The loss of Gpr17, either globally or specifically in oligodendrocytes, led to an earlier onset of remyelination after myelin injury in mice. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of Gpr17 with pranlukast promoted remyelination. Our findings indicate that Gpr17, an Olig2 transcriptional target, is activated after injury to oligodendrocytes and that targeted inhibition of Gpr17 promotes oligodendrocyte remyelination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Genome occupancy analysis of oligodendrocytes in response to lysolecithin-mediated demyelination injury revealed that Olig2 and its downstream target Gpr17 are part of regulatory circuitry critical for oligodendrocyte survival. Gpr17 inhibits oligodendrocyte survival through activation of Xaf1 and cell differentiation by reducing Epac1 expression. The loss of Gpr17 in mice led to precocious myelination and an earlier onset of remyelination after demyelination. Pharmacological inhibition of Gpr17 promoted remyelination, highlighting the potential for Gpr17-targeted therapeutic approaches in demyelination diseases.
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Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/patología , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/toxicidad , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Oligodendroglía/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Animales , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromonas/farmacología , Mapeo Cromosómico , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas F-Box/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/biosíntesis , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/genética , Antagonistas de Leucotrieno/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Factor de Transcripción 2 de los Oligodendrocitos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: vAcute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life threatening disease. The treatment options depend on the severity of the disease and the mortality varies widely depending on the severity of the condition. It is important to identify patients who are at high risk of mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the prognostic alues of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for 30-day mortality in patients with acute PE. METHODS: The study included 321 patients admitted to our university hospital between January 2013 and May 2015 with the diagnosis of acute PE. Multivariable risk models were developed to assess the predictive values of the NLR and PLR for 30-day mortality. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-eight patients met our selection criteria. Twenty of them died within 30 days of hospital admission. NLR was found to be an independent predicator after other confounding factors were adjusted in the model. For 1 unit of increase of NLR, the risk of 30-day mortality rose about 13 % (OR = 1.13,95 % CI: 1.04-1.23). The area under ROC for NLR is 0.79 (95 %CI: 0.703-0.880). PLR was associated with 30-day mortality in univariate analysis but the predicative ability diminished with inclusion of other predicators in multivariable model. CONCLUSIONS: NLR is readily available predicator for short-term mortality. It could be a useful indicator for identifying high risk population and guiding clinical management of acute PE.
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Plaquetas , Linfocitos , Neutrófilos , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidad , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Área Bajo la Curva , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , China , Femenino , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Recuento de Plaquetas , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/sangre , Curva ROC , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether genetic polymorphisms in the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic databases were searched carefully without any language restriction. Analyses of data were conducted using STATA software. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also calculated. RESULTS Seven clinical case-control studies that enrolled 1170 CVD patients and 1194 healthy subjects were included. The results indicated that OPG gene polymorphism might be closely associated with susceptibility to CVD, especially for rs2073617 T>C and rs2073618 G>C polymorphisms. Ethnicity-stratified analysis indicated that genetic polymorphism in the OPG were closely related with the pathogenesis of CVD among Asians (all P<0.001), but no obvious relationship was found among Caucasians (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis provided quantitative evidence that OPG gene polymorphism may be closely related to an increased risk of CVD, especially for rs2073617 T>C and rs2073618 G>C polymorphisms.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Pruebas Genéticas , Humanos , Oportunidad Relativa , Polimorfismo Genético , Factores de Riesgo , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between glucocorticoids (GCs) and insulin resistance (IR) in healthy individuals by conducting a systematic meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using 9 electronic databases. Only case-control studies investigating fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and IR were enrolled based on strictly established selection criteria. Statistical analyses were performed by Stata software, version 12.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA). RESULTS Among 496 initially retrieved articles, only 6 papers published in English were eventually included in this meta-analysis. A total of 201 healthy individuals (105 in GC group and 96 in control group) were included in the 6 studies. In 4 of these 6 studies, dexamethasone was used, and in the other 2 studies prednisolone was given. This meta-analysis revealed that the FPG, fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in the GC group were all significantly higher than that in the control group (FPG: SMD=2.65, 95%CI=1.42~3.88, P<0.001; FINS: SMD=2.48, 95%CI=1.01~3.95, P=0.001; HOMA-IR: SMD=38.30, 95%CI=24.38~52.22, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our present study revealed that therapies using GCs might result in elevated FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR, and thereby contribute to IR in healthy individuals.
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Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Ayuno/sangre , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , MasculinoRESUMEN
The genome-wide transcriptional responses of S. cerevisiae to heterologous carotenoid biosynthesis were investigated using DNA microarray analysis. The results show that the genes involved in metal ion transport were specifically up-regulated in the recombinant strain, and metal ions, including Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+), were deficient in the recombinant strain compared to the ion content of the parent strain. The decrease in metal ions was ascribed to a decrease in cell membrane (CM) fluidity caused by lower levels of unsaturated fatty acids and ergosterol. This was confirmed by the observation that metal ion levels were restored when CM fluidity was increased by supplying linoleic acid. In addition, a 24.3 % increase in the ß-carotene concentration was observed. Collectively, our results suggest that heterologous production of carotenoids in S. cerevisiae can induce cellular stress by rigidifying the CM, which can lead to a deficiency in metal ions. Due to the importance of CM fluidity in cellular physiology, maintaining normal CM fluidity might be a potential approach to improving carotenoid production in genetically engineered S. cerevisiae.
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Carotenoides/biosíntesis , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Fluidez de la Membrana , Metales/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ergosterol/metabolismo , Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo , Ácido Linoleico/farmacología , Fluidez de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Metales/química , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacos , Transcriptoma/genética , beta Caroteno/biosíntesisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension(PH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and study the related risk factors. METHODS: Patients with stable COPD enrolled in this study, undergoing examinations including full pulmonary function tests (PFT), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Exercise Oxyhemoglobin, Saint. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and transthoracic echocardiography. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure(sPAP) ≥36 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was defined as PH. RESULTS: A total of 251 patients were finally evaluable in this study. The frequency of PH was 55.4% (139/251) in patients with stable COPD. Significant differences were seen between patients with PH and without PH respectively in the following factors (mean P<0.05): proportion of age ≥ 60 years (69.8% vs 57.1%), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) (% predicted) [(47.5±8.2)% vs (61.2±10.2)% and (49.8±7.9)% vs (66.4±11.3)%], sPAP [(41.9±9.1) mmHg vs (28.2±3.2) mmHg], exercise oxyhemoglobin desaturation [(-5.5±3.2)% vs (-2.2±1.2)%], 6MWD [(316.0±55.2)m vs (390.0±75.2)m]. The following variables were negatively correlated with sPAP : 6MWD (r=-0.330, P=0.003), FEV(1)(% predicted) (r=-0.210, P=0.024 and r=-0.130, P=0.012, respectively). The following variables were positively correlated with sPAP: age (r= 0.560, P= 0.031), exercise oxyhemoglobin desaturation> 3% (r= 0.540, P= 0.001). Logistic regression test has showed that age ≥ 60 years, exercise oxygen desaturation>3%, FEV(1) (% predicted) <50%, 6MWD <350 m were risk factors for PH in COPD. CONCLUSION: The incidence of PH in COPD increases with age, yet the performance of lung function and the activity of endurance decrease in elder patients. Sixty years or older, exercise oxygen desaturation> 3%, FEV(1) (% predicted) <50%, 6MWD <350 m are risk factors of PH in COPD. Echocardiography or right heart catheterization when needed should be considered to confirm the diagnosis.
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Hipertensión Pulmonar/complicaciones , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/complicaciones , Factores de Edad , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Incidencia , Masculino , Oxígeno , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the major economic fruit crops but suffers many diseases, causing damage to the quality of grapes. Strain G166 was isolated from the rhizosphere of grapevine and was found to exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens on grapes in vitro, such as Coniella diplodiella, Botrytis cinerea, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that G166 contained a 6,613,582 bp circular chromosome with 5749 predicted coding DNA sequences and an average GC content of 60.57%. TYGS analysis revealed that G166 belongs to Pseudomonas viciae. Phenotype analysis indicated that P. viciae G166 remarkably reduced the severity of grape white rot disease in the grapevine. After inoculation with C. diplodiella, more H2O2 and MDA accumulated in the leaves and resulted in decreases in the Pn and chlorophyll content. Conversely, G166-treated grapevine displayed less oxidative damage with lower H2O2 levels and MDA contents under the pathogen treatments. Subsequently, G166-treated grapevine could sustain a normal Pn and chlorophyll content. Moreover, the application of P. viciae G166 inhibited the growth of mycelia on detached leaves and berries, while more disease symptoms occurred in non-bacterized leaves and berries. Therefore, P. viciae G166 served as a powerful bioagent against grape white rot disease. Using antiSMASH prediction and genome comparisons, a relationship between non-ribosomal peptide synthase clusters and antifungal activity was found in the genome of P. viciae G166. Taken together, P. viciae G166 shows promising antifungal potential to improve fruit quality and yield in ecological agriculture.
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Malware open-set recognition (MOSR) is an emerging research domain that aims at jointly classifying malware samples from known families and detecting the ones from novel unknown families, respectively. Existing works mostly rely on a well-trained classifier considering the predicted probabilities of each known family with a threshold-based detection to achieve the MOSR. However, our observation reveals that the feature distributions of malware samples are extremely similar to each other even between known and unknown families. Thus, the obtained classifier may produce overly high probabilities of testing unknown samples toward known families and degrade the model performance. In this article, we propose the multi \ modal dual-embedding networks, dubbed MDENet, to take advantage of comprehensive malware features from different modalities to enhance the diversity of malware feature space, which is more representative and discriminative for down-stream recognition. Concretely, we first generate a malware image for each observed sample based on their numeric features using our proposed numeric encoder with a re-designed multiscale CNN structure, which can better explore their statistical and spatial correlations. Besides, we propose to organize tokenized malware features into a sentence for each sample considering its behaviors and dynamics, and utilize language models as the textual encoder to transform it into a representable and computable textual vector. Such parallel multimodal encoders can fuse the above two components to enhance the feature diversity. Last, to further guarantee the open-set recognition (OSR), we dually embed the fused multimodal representation into one primary space and an associated sub-space, i.e., discriminative and exclusive spaces, with contrastive sampling and ρ -bounded enclosing sphere regularizations, which resort to classification and detection, respectively. Moreover, we also enrich our previously proposed large-scaled malware dataset MAL-100 with multimodal characteristics and contribute an improved version dubbed MAL-100 + . Experimental results on the widely used malware dataset Mailing and the proposed MAL-100 + demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.