RESUMEN
This article investigates the extent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Disclosures (HIV/AIDSD) in online annual reports by 200 listed companies from 10 African countries for the year ending 2006. Descriptive statistics reveal a very low level of overall HIV/AIDSD practices with a mean of 6 per cent disclosure, with half (100 out of 200) of the African companies making no disclosures at all. Logistic regression analysis reveals that company size and country are highly significant predictors of any disclosure of HIV/AIDS in annual reports. Profitability is also statistically significantly associated with the extent of disclosure.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Informes Anuales como Asunto , Comercio , Revelación , VIH , Salud Pública , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/etnología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , África/etnología , Comercio/economía , Comercio/educación , Comercio/historia , Comercio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Información de Salud al Consumidor/economía , Información de Salud al Consumidor/historia , Información de Salud al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Atención a la Salud/economía , Atención a la Salud/historia , Atención a la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Revelación/historia , Revelación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Salud Pública/economía , Salud Pública/educación , Salud Pública/historia , Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Práctica de Salud Pública/economía , Práctica de Salud Pública/historia , Práctica de Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Estadística como Asunto/educación , Estadística como Asunto/historiaRESUMEN
The TLX/HOX11 subfamily of divergent homeobox genes are involved in various aspects of embryogenesis and, in the case of TLX1/HOX11 and TLX3/HOX11L2, feature prominently as oncogenes in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. TLX1 possesses immortalising activity in a wide variety of blood cell lineages, however, the effect of this oncogene on haemopoietic cell differentiation has not been fully investigated. We therefore constitutively expressed TLX1 in murine bone marrow or fetal liver cells using retroviral transfer followed by transplantation and/or in vitro culture. TLX1 was found to dramatically alter haemopoiesis, promoting the emergence of a non-haemopoietic CD45(-) CD31(+) cell population while markedly inhibiting erythroid and granulocytic cell differentiation. To identify genetic programs perturbed by TLX1, a comparison of transcript profiles from J2E erythroid cells with and without enforced TLX1 expression was undertaken. This revealed a pattern of gene expression indicative of enhanced proliferation coupled to differentiation arrest. Of the genes identified, two, KIT and VEGFC, were found to be potential TLX1 targets based on transcriptional assays. These results demonstrate that TLX1 can act broadly to impair haemopoiesis and divert differentiation to an alternative fate. This may account for its ability to promote the pre-leukaemic state via perturbation of specific gene expression programs.