Effectiveness of multiple endoscopic fenestrations for the treatment of Sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts: a multicenter study.

PURPOSE: Arachnoid cysts are usually asymptomatic lesions. However, they can sometimes cause intracranial hypertension, headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and bleeding. The most commonly used surgical techniques are microsurgical cyst fenestration/excision/drainage, cyst shunting, and endoscopic procedures. We aimed to investigate the success of different surgical techniques. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2021, patients with Sylvan fissure arachnoid cysts who received treatment via an endoscopic approach chosen as the first-line treatment in three centers were enrolled. All case notes and radiological studies were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The study included 131 (female, n = 28; male, n = 103) patients with a mean age of 87.04 ± 66.76 (range, 0-216) months. Of the patients, 25 had Galassi type II left-sided arachnoid cysts, 33 had Galassi type II right-sided arachnoid cysts, 40 had Galassi type III left-sided arachnoid cysts, and 32 had Galassi type III right-sided arachnoid cysts. No difference was found between patients who underwent single and multiple fenestrations in terms of Galassi type, side, clinical outcome, and cyst size (p > 0.05). On the contrary, the rate of additional surgical intervention was lower in patients with multiple fenestrations than in those with single fenestration (36.10% vs. 5.30%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic fenestration of Sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts is a good alternative to open surgery or cystoperitoneal shunting, and the number of fenestrations made during this surgery decreases the need for a second surgical procedure.

Predictive Values of Hematological Parameters for Determining Imminent Brain Death: A Retrospective Study.

Background and Objectives: The inflammatory cells released after intracranial hemorrhage, such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, activate the inflammatory system. These parameters can be used to evaluate the clinical course of diseases. This study aims to evaluate these parameters as possible predictors for evaluating the development of brain death. Materials and Methods: Patients with a Glasgow coma scale score below 7 were assigned to Group BD (patients with brain death) and Group ICH (intracranial hemorrhage). The neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, monocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) were measured at admission. Results: A high WBC count, neutrophil count, NLR, and PLR and a low lymphocyte count, LMR, and PNR were found to be significant for determining brain death. The area under the curve (AUC) values of NLR, PNR, PLR, and LMR to discriminate brain death were 0.63, 0.61, 0.56, and 0.61, respectively. Conclusion: NLR, PNR, PLR, and LMR are easily accessible and reliable parameters that can be used to predict the development of brain death and can be estimated by a simple complete blood count test.

Statistical shape analyses of corpus callosum changes at preoperative and postoperative scaphocephaly patients.

PURPOSE: Scaphocephaly is the premature closure of the sagittal suture. The treatment strategies mainly focus on correcting the shape of the head, but there are very limited studies examining changes in brain structure. This study aimed to investigate shape differences in the shape of corpus callosum regarding the pre-treatment and post-treatment term at scaphocephaly patients. METHODS: Cranium shape data were collected from the two-dimensional digital images. The generalized Procrustes analysis was used to obtain mean shapes in the pre- and postoperative phases. The shape deformation of the corpus callosum from the pre- to postoperative phases was evaluated using the thin plate spline method. RESULTS: There is an enlargement of the splenium part of corpus callosum in the late group. In the early group, corpus callosum genu and body enlargement were observed in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period, followed by a narrowing of the isthmus region. CONCLUSION: This study showed structural deformations in the corpus callosum in scaphocephaly patients using head shape with the landmark-based geometric morphometric method by taking into consideration the topographic distribution. An enlargement at the splenium part of corpus callosum exposes after the cranial vault expansion depending on time.

The association between hematologic parameters and intracranial injuries in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the association between hematologic parameters and abnormal cranial computerized tomography (CT) findings after head trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 287 children with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) were divided into the 'normal' (NG), 'linear fracture' (LFG) and 'intraparenchymal injury' groups (IPG) based on head CT findings. Demographical/clinical data and laboratory results were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was markedly higher in the LFG (p = 0.010 and p = 0.016, respectively) and IPG (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared with NG. Lower lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (p = 0.044) and higher red cell distribution width-platelet ratio (RPR) (p = 0.030) were associated with intraparenchymal injuries. Patients requiring neurosurgical intervention had higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.026) and RPR values (p = 0.031) and lower platelet counts (p = 0.035). Lower levels of erythrocytes (p = 0.005), hemoglobin (p = 0.003) and hematocrit (p = 0.002) were associated with severe TBI and unfavorable outcome (p = 0.012, p = 0.004 and p = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Hematologic parameters are useful in predicting the presence of abnormal cranial CT findings in children with TBI in association with injury severity; surgery need and clinical outcome.

Amount of reoperation following surgical repair of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis at a single center.

BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis is a deformity of the skull that occurs as a result of early fusion of one or more cranial sutures and can be accompanied by neurological deficits. Craniosynostosis can be classified as syndromic or nonsyndromic according to the type of suture involved. Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis in infants basically involves loosening and opening the fused sutures to reduce intracranial pressure, allow the brain to grow, and also fix the skull shape. However, in such cases there is a risk of resynostosis after surgery. According to the literature, resynostosis rates vary between 0% and 70%. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the reoperation rate in craniosynostosis cases treated surgically in our clinic. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 70 nonsyndromic craniosynostosis cases treated surgically in the Neurosurgery Department of Bursa Uludag University from 2005 to 2019 was performed. All patients had undergone total cranial vault remodeling surgically and had been followed up for at least a year. RESULTS: The study group included 70 patients, comprising 40 (57.1%) male and 30 (42.9%) female patients. The mean age of the group was 10.9 ± 7.8 months (range 3-34 months). Out of 70 patients, repeat surgery due to resynostosis had been performed once in 5 (7.1%) patients and twice in 1 (1.4%) patient. DISCUSSION: It should be kept in mind that resynostosis may occur in patients who have been operated for craniosynostosis. Patients should be examined cosmetically and if necessary, radiologically in the follow-up. Further studies based on larger sample size are recommended for more quantitative data and better results.

Intracranial extra-axial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 16-month-old patient with a literature review of pediatric patients.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare high-grade malignant subtype of chondrosarcoma that is characterized by undifferentiated, round, or spindled mesenchymal cells, interspersed with islands of hyaline cartilage. We report a primary intracranial extra-axial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 16-month-old patient with a review of the literature focusing on intracranial extra-axial MCs with or without skull involvement in pediatric patients, including differential diagnosis. The patient was admitted with a swelling in the right temporooccipital region. There was intracranial extra-dural extension of the mass, which abuts the neural parenchyma without any invasion. A complete tumor resection was performed. Pathological diagnosis was mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The patient was free of symptoms after surgery.

NEAT1 Is a Novel Oncogenic LncRNA and Correlated with miR-143 in Pediatric Oligodendrogliomas.

INTRODUCTION: The noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a role in biological processes of various cancers including gliomas. The majority of these transcripts are uniquely expressed in differentiated tissues or specific glioma types. Pediatric oligodendroglioma (POG) is a rare subtype of diffuse glioma and accounts for <1% of pediatric brain tumors. Because histologically POG resembles adult OG, the same treatment is applied as adults. However, the significance in predicting outcomes in POG patients is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of expression -profiles of microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA -(LncRNA) in POGs. METHODS: We investigated the levels of 13 known miRNAs and 6 LncRNAs in tumor samples from 9 patients with primary POG by using RT-PCR and analyzed their association with outcomes. RESULTS: The expression levels of miR-21, miR-106a, miR-10b, and LncRNA NEAT1 were higher, and the expression level of miR-143 was lower in POG tissues compared with normal brain tissues (p = 0.006, p = 0.032, p = 0.034, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). High levels of NEAT1 and low expression of miR-143 were associated with decreased probability of short disease-free survival (p = 0.018 and p = 0.022, respectively). DISCUSSION: NEAT1 and miR-143 levels could serve as reciprocal prognostic predictors of disease progression in patients with POG. New treatment models to regulate the expression levels of NEAT1 and miR-143 will bring a new approach to the therapy of POG.

Statistical Shape Analysis of Cerebellum in Patients With Chiari Malformation I.

The surgical procedure is viewed as a typical treatment choice for patients with Chiari malformation (CM). Decompression is the preferred method for surgery, but it is not always possible to understand whether decompression has been successful especially in an early period. The present study focuses on investigating the shape differences in the cerebellums of Chiari patients compared with healthy controls, and to assess the clinical application of this situation whether if present. The MRI scans were reviewed retrospectively. Cerebellar data were obtained from the digital images and 9 anthropometric landmarks were marked on each image. Shape difference was assessed by performing Generalized Procrustes analysis. The cerebellar shape deformation from control to the patient was evaluated performing the Thin Plate Spline approach. There is a statistically significant cerebellar shape difference between groups. Highest deformation was determined at the cerebellar tonsillar inferior area, posterior of the uvula, and anterior of inferior medullary velum. The present study demonstrated cerebellar shape differences in CM I patients using a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach, considering the topographic distribution of cerebellum for the first time.

Olea europaea Leaf Extract Improves the Efficacy of Temozolomide Therapy by Inducing MGMT Methylation and Reducing P53 Expression in Glioblastoma.

Unmethylated O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter leads to Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in most of the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. We previously investigated the synergistic effect of Olea europaea leaf extract (OLE) on TMZ cytotoxicity through modulating microRNA expression. To date, knowledge about the effect of OLE on MGMT methylation is insufficient. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential modulating effect of OLE on the TMZ response of GBM tumors through MGMT methylation. Exposure to 1 mg/mL OLE caused a significant induction of CpG island methylation in the MGMT gene using Methyl quantitative PCR assay (P < 0.001). In WST-1 analysis, the use of 350 µM TMZ plus 1 mg/mL OLE significantly increased the TMZ response of MGMT unmethylated cells (P = 0.003). Using the comet assay, the impact of 1 mg/mL OLE plus 350 µM TMZ on the formation of DNA strand breaks was significantly higher than that of 450 µM TMZ alone (P < 0.001) and Western blot analysis revealed that, when cells are treated with 1-mg/mL OLE, the total p53 protein levels tended to decrease. The results presented in this study uniquely demonstrated that OLE synergistically increased the TMZ response of GBM tumors by regulating MGMT gene methylation and p53 expression. However, further studies to validate our findings are required.

Ficus carica latex prevents invasion through induction of let-7d expression in GBM cell lines.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest human malignancies. A cure for GBM remains elusive, and the overall survival time is less than 1 year. Thus, the development of more efficient therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these patients is required. Induction of tumor cell death by certain phytochemicals derived from medicinal herbs and dietary plants has become a new frontier for cancer therapy research. Although the cancer suppressive effect of Ficus carica (fig) latex (FCL) has been determined in a few cancer types, the effect of this latex on GBM tumors has not been investigated. Therefore, in the current study, the anti-proliferative activity of FCL and the effect of the FCL-temozolomide (TMZ) combination were tested in the T98G, U-138 MG, and U-87 MG GBM cell lines using the WST-1 assay. The mechanism of cell death was analyzed using Annexin-V/FITC and TUNEL assays, and the effect of FCL on invasion was tested using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. To determine the effect of FCL on GBM progression, the expression levels of 40 GBM associated miRNAs were analyzed in T98G cells using RT-qPCR. According to the obtained data, FCL causes cell death in GBM cells with different responses to TMZ, and this effect is synergistically increased in combination with TMZ. In addition, the current study is the first to demonstrate the effect of FCL on modulation of let-7d expression, which may be an important underlying mechanism of the anti-invasive effect of this extract.

microRNA expression pattern modulates temozolomide response in GBM tumors with cancer stem cells.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is widely used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Although the MGMT gene methylation status is postulated to correlate with TMZ response, some patients with a methylated MGMT gene still do not benefit from TMZ therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be one of the causes of therapeutic resistance, but the molecular mechanism underlying this resistance is unclear. microRNA (miRNA) deregulation has been recognized as another chemoresistance modulating mechanism. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the miRNA expression patterns associated with chemoresistance that is dependent on the CSC status in GBM tumors to identify therapeutic biomarkers. CSCs were identified in 5 of 20 patients' tumor tissues using magnetic separation. CSC (+) tumors displayed a significant induction of CpG island methylation in the MGMT gene promoter (p = 0.009). Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), 9 miRNAs related to GBM (mir-181b, miR-153, miR-137, miR-145, miR-10a, miR-10b, let-7d, miR-9, and miR-455-3p), which are associated with cell cycle and invasion was analyzed in tumor samples. Low miR-181b and high miR-455-3p expression levels were detected (p = 0.053, p = 0.004; respectively) in CSC (+) tumors. Analysis revealed a significant correlation between miR-455-3p expression and Smad2 protein levels as analyzed by immunohistochemistry in CSC (+) tumors (p = 0.002). Thus, miR-455-3p may be involved in TMZ resistance in MGMT methylated CSC (+) GBM patients. Further studies and evaluations are required, but this miRNA may provide novel therapeutic molecular targets for GBM treatment and new directions for the development of anticancer drugs.

Statistical Shape Analyses of Pediatric Patients with Scoliosis After Surgical Correction.

AIM: To investigate the preoperative and postoperative differences in the upper-body and spinal shapes of patients with scoliosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Digitized two-dimensional X-ray images were used to obtain the shapes of the upper-body and spine. The preoperative and postoperative mean shapes were compared by using a Generalized Procrustes analysis. The thin plate spline (TPS) method was used to evaluate the spinal shape deformation between the preoperative and postoperative periods. RESULTS: The pre- and postoperative upper-body and spinal shape differences were significant. The TPS graphics showed highlevel deformations between the pre- and postoperative periods. The left superior border of the L4 spinous process showed the highest deformation. CONCLUSION: The preoperative and postoperative upper-body and spinal shape differences and structural deformations that correlated with scoliosis were shown to be significant.

Posterior Transdural Discectomy for Thoracic Disc Herniation.

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior transdural discectomy for thoracic disc herniation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of seven patients who underwent posterior transdural discectomy for thoracic disc herniation were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Between 2012 and 2020, seven patients (five men and two women) who were aged between 17 and 74 years underwent posterior transdural discectomy. Numbness is the most common presenting symptom, and two patients complained of urinary incontinence. T10-11 was the most affected level. All patients underwent at least 6 months of follow-up. There were no postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks and neurological complications postoperatively. All patients maintained their baseline neurological status or improved after surgery. No patient had secondary neurological deterioration or need for further surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The posterior transdural approach is a safe procedure that should be considered in lateral and paracentral thoracic disc herniations providing a more direct surgical intervention.

Surgery of Cranial Deformity Following Ventricular Shunting: A Multicenter Study.

AIM: To review the cases of craniosynostosis secondary to ventricular shunting procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of all pediatric patients with hydrocephalus who were treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure between the years 2017 and 2021 at the Selcuk University, Ankara University, and Bursa Uludag University. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The median age at the time of insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus was 8.1 (range, 1?22) months. Seven patients were shunted because of congenital hydrocephalus. The mean time to development of secondary synostosis was 8.8 (range, 1?36) months. Plagiocephaly was the most common type of secondary synostosis. While shunt revision was performed in 16 patients, cranial vault expansion surgery was performed in 5 patients. CONCLUSION: Slit ventricle syndrome is a frequent condition at shunted patients, but there is no consensus on identifying patients who require treatment. Using programmable or high-pressure valves, performing cranial vault modeling are possible treatment modalities. Increased awareness of this condition in follow-up may allow early diagnosis and intervention and prevent it from evolving into more serious deformities.

Olea europaea Leaf Phenolics Oleuropein, Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Rutin Induce Apoptosis and Additionally Affect Temozolomide against Glioblastoma: In Particular, Oleuropein Inhibits Spheroid Growth by Attenuating Stem-like Cell Phenotype.

The effects of Olea europaea leaf extract (OLE) phenolics, including oleuropein (OL), hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TYR), and rutin against glioblastoma (GB), independently and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), were investigated in T98G and A172 cells. Cell growth was assessed by WST-1, real-time cell analysis, colony formation, and cell cycle distribution assays. A dual acridine orange propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining and annexin V assay determined cell viability. A sphere-forming assay, an intracellular oxidative stress assay, and the RNA expression of CD133 and OCT4 investigated the GB stem-like cell (GSC) phenotype. A scratch wound-healing assay evaluated migration capacity. OL was as effective as OLE in terms of apoptosis promotion (p < 0.001) and GSC inhibition (p < 0.001). HT inhibited cell viability, GSC phenotype, and migration rate (p < 0.001), but its anti-GB effect was less than the total effect of OLE alone. Rutin decreased reactive oxygen species production and inhibited colony formation and cell migration (p < 0.001). TYR demonstrated the least effect. The additive effects of OL, HT, TYR and rutin with TMZ were significant (p < 0.001). Our data suggest that OL may represent a novel therapeutic approach against GB cells, while HT and rutin show promise in increasing the efficacy of TMZ therapy.

Surgical Management of Brain Tumors in Infants Under One Year of Age.

AIM: To comprehensively analyze clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management approaches of brain tumors in infants under one year of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data retrieved from medical records of infants who underwent surgical treatment for intracranial mass lesions at our institution from January 2006 to December 2016. The data encompassed parameters such as age at diagnosis, symptoms, tumor location, histology, surgical procedures, adjuvant treatment, and survival outcomes. Cases involving dermoid, epidermoid cysts, and other skull-based lesions were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Our analysis identified twenty-three cases of brain tumors diagnosed within the first year of life, comprising 14 boys and 9 girls. The median age at diagnosis was 8.2 months, and the most common presenting symptoms were nausea and vomiting, as well as head circumference abnormalities. Successful gross total resection was achieved in 75.8% of patients, with choroid plexus papilloma being the most frequently encountered histopathological diagnosis. Eight patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, while one patient underwent salvage radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The treatment of brain tumors in infants during their first year of life presents significant challenges. The affected patients exhibit diverse tumor pathologies occurring at various locations within the brain. Further research is warranted to establish optimal treatment options for this specific population.

Diabetes Mellitus-Mediated MALAT1 Expression Induces Glioblastoma Aggressiveness.

AIM: To describe the role of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in glioblastoma (GB) progression in patients concurrently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples of 47 patients diagnosed with GB only and 13 patients diagnosed with GB and DM (GB-DM) were enrolled in this study. Data for p53 and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining of the tumors and blood HbA1c levels of patients with DM were retrospectively collected. MALAT1 expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The coexistence of GB and DM induced the nuclear expression of p53 and Ki67 compared with GB only. MALAT1 expression was higher in GB-DM tumors than in GB only tumors. The expression of MALAT1 and HbA1c levels were positively correlated. Additionally, MALAT1 was positively correlated with tumoral p53 and Ki67. The disease-free survival of patients with GB-DM with high MALAT1 expression was shorter than that of those diagnosed with GB only and with a lower MALAT1 expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that one of the mechanisms of the facilitating effect of DM on GB tumor aggressiveness is via MALAT1 expression.

Co-loading of Temozolomide with Oleuropein or rutin into polylactic acid core-shell nanofiber webs inhibit glioblastoma cell by controlled release.

Glioblastoma (GB) has susceptibility to post-surgical recurrence. Therefore, local treatment methods are required against recurrent GB cells in the post-surgical area. In this study, we developed a nanofiber-based local therapy against GB cells using Oleuropein (OL), and rutin and their combinations with Temozolomide (TMZ). The polylactic acid (PLA) core-shell nanofiber webs were encapsulated with OL (PLAOL), rutin (PLArutin), and TMZ (PLATMZ) by an electrospinning process. A SEM visualized the morphology and the total immersion method determined the release characteristics of PLA webs. Real-time cell tracking analysis for cell growth, dual Acridine Orange/Propidium Iodide staining for cell viability, a scratch wound healing assay for migration capacity, and a sphere formation assay for tumor spheroid aggressiveness were used. All polymeric nanofiber webs had core-shell structures with an average diameter between 133 ± 30.7-139 ± 20.5 nm. All PLA webs promoted apoptotic cell death, suppressed cell migration, and spheres growth (p < 0.0001). PLAOL and PLATMZ suppressed GB cell viability with a controlled release that increased over 120 h, while PLArutin caused rapid cell inhibition (p < 0.0001). Collectively, our findings suggest that core-shell nano-webs could be a novel and effective therapeutic tool for the controlled release of OL and TMZ against recurrent GB cells.

Clinical and Radiological Comparison of Hybrid Surgery and Fusion Application with Peek Cage in Patients Undergoing Three-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare patients with degenerative cervical disc herniation (CDH) who had undergone three-level anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) and fusion with a peek cage supported by synthetic bone graft in all levels to the cases with CDH with hybrid surgery (HS) regarding their radiological findings and surgical results. Materials and Methods: The patients who had undergone three-level ACD were evaluated retrospectively. The cases who were followed up for 2 years and longer were evaluated regarding gender, age, radiological findings, and patient satisfaction. A radiological assessment was made by calculating the Cobb angle on lateral cervical radiographs. Clinical assessment was performed by the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Results: In the first group, 13 patients had undergone ACD and fusion with peek cage and bone graft, and in the hybrid group, there were 11 patients in whom fusion with peek cage and bone graft were made in two levels, and cervical disc arthroplasty was performed throughout the distance in-between. In the hybrid group, the 1-month and 24-month changes in cervical range of motion in hyperflexion were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In both groups, significant improvements of NDI were determined postoperatively (p < 0.05). When the groups were compared, the 1-month and 24-month improvements were statistically significantly increased in the hybrid surgery group compared to the group that underwent fusion surgery with a cage (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HS is a reliable and effective treatment method in the three-level cervical disk disease for preserving and improving cervical ROM, particularly in the flexion position.

Long non-coding RNAs as a predictive markers of group 3 medulloblastomas.

ObjectiveThe appropriate treatments for the different molecular subgroups of medulloblastomas are challenging to determine. Hence, this study aimed to examine the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) to determine a marker that may be important for treatment selection in these subgroups.MethodsChanges in the expression of LncRNAs in the tissues of patients with medulloblastoma, which are classified into four subgroups according to their clinical characteristics and gene expression profiles, were examined via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, there association with patient prognosis was evaluated.ResultsThe expression levels of MALAT1 and SNGH16 were significantly higher in patients with group 3 medulloblastoma than in those with other subtypes. Patients with high expression levels of MALAT1 and SNGH16 had a relatively shorter overall survival than those with low expression levels.ConclusionsPatients with group 3 medulloblastoma have a high MALAT1 level, which is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, MALAT1 can be a new therapeutic target in medulloblastoma.