Amygdala kindling increased fear-response, but did not impair spatial memory in rats.

The behavioral effects of amygdala kindling, a model of experimental epilepsy in rats, are reported. The animals were stimulated twice a day until stage 5 (generalized clonic) seizures were obtained three times. Two weeks later the performance of the amygdala-kindled and sham-operated rats was tested in the open-field test, on the elevated plus maze, elevated bridges, and in the Morris water maze. The results show that amygdala kindling decreased exploratory and other motor activity in the open-field test, had anxiogenic effects on the elevated plus-maze, decreased boldness on the elevated bridges, but had a negligible affect in the spatial memory task. These results suggest that amygdala kindling affects the normal fear reaction of rats, a response that is known to be mediated through the amygdaloid pathways.

Congestive heart failure due to adjuvant arteriovenous fistula in a femoroperoneal bypass.

The authors describe a patient who developed congestive heart failure one month after femoroperoneal bypass and adjuvant common ostium arteriovenous fistula procedure. The occlusion of the concomitant vein proximally to the arteriovenous fistula promptly resolved such a serious complication which, to our knowledge, has never been described previously.

Outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery with miniaturized versus conventional cardiopulmonary bypass.

We have reviewed the results of our experience with the use of miniaturized (Mini-CPB) versus conventional (C-CPB) cardiopulmonary bypass in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). This study included 365 patients who underwent CABG with C-CPB and 101 patients with Mini-CPB. In-hospital mortality was lower in the C-CPB group (1.4% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.38). A better, but not statistically significant, immediate outcome was observed in the C-CPB group as indicated by a shorter length of stay in the intensive care unit as well as a lower incidence of combined adverse end-point. However, this was probably due to significantly higher operative risk in the Mini-CPB group (logistic EuroSCORE: 8.5 +/- 10.0 vs. 4.6 +/- 7.1, P < 0.0001). Seventy-seven propensity score-matched pairs had similar immediate postoperative results after Mini-CPB and C-CPB (30-day mortality: 1.3% vs. 1.3%; stroke: 0% vs. 0%; intensive care unit stay > or = 5 days: 6.5% vs. 9.1%; combined adverse events: 14.3% vs. 11.7%). Mini-CPB achieves similar results to C-CPB in patients undergoing isolated CABG. The potential efficacy of Mini-CPB is expected to be more evident in high-risk patients or in complex cardiac surgery requiring much longer cardiopulmonary perfusion.

The impact of adjuvant av-fistula on cuffed Femorocrural PTFE bypass grafting: flow and pressure response.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of an adjuvant av-fistula on prosthetic bypass grafting and whether intraoperative flow measurements could predict patency and adverse events of cuffed femorocrural PTFE bypass with or without an av-fistula. METHODS: A total of 50 patients in need of vascular reconstruction for critical limb ischaemia (CLI) but with no suitable venous conduit were included. RESULTS: The flow values in patients with av-fistula were significantly higher (p=0.009) than in the group without the fistula but the higher flow values did not result in improved patency. The maximum flow velocity (Vmax) in the av-fistula group was significantly higher in the immediate postoperative period (p=0.04), but there was no difference in patency. When a flow value of 50 ml/min was used as a cut-off point, patients with a higher flow had significantly better immediate patency (p=0.025). CONCLUSION: The adjuvant av-fistula neither caused any adverse effects nor had any effect on patency.

Does an adjuvant AV-fistula improve the patency of a femorocrural PTFE bypass with distal vein cuff in critical leg ischaemia?--a prospective randomised multicentre trial.

INTRODUCTION: A lack of suitable veins can cause serious problems when attempting to revascularise critically ischaemic legs. Prosthetic grafts have much worse patency in the femocrural position, despite the use of distal anastomotic cuffs. The use of adjuvant AV-fistula at the distal anastomosis should increase the graft flow above the thrombotic threshold velocity and thus increase prosthetic graft patency. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit of an adjuvant AV-fistula on the patency of a femorocrural PTFE bypass with a distal vein cuff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective randomised multicentre trial was conducted in four centres. A total of 59 patients with critical leg ischaemia and no suitable veins for grafting were randomised to receive a femocrural PTFE bypass and distal vein cuff, with or without an adjuvant AV-fistula. Thirty-one patients were randomised to the AV-fistula group (AVFG) and 28 to the control group (CG). Six patients were lost to follow-up during the 2-year study time. RESULTS: There were six immediate occlusions in each treatment group, but half of these were saved by re-operation. The mean postoperative ankle-brachial index (ABI) was 0.85 in the AVFG and 0.94 in the CG. The primary and secondary patency rate at 2 years was 29 and 40% for the AVFG and 36 and 40% for the CG (NS). Leg salvage at 2 years was 65 and 68%, respectively (NS). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant AV-fistula does not improve the patency of a femorocrural PTFE bypass with a distal vein cuff.