Assessment of the Mental Health of Police Officers: A Systematic Review of Specific Instruments.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify validated instruments from the literature that assess the mental health of police officers. METHODS: This is a systematic review of validated instruments used to assess the mental health of police officers. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL/EBSCO, and Virtual Health Library databases. This review follows the JBI Manual for Systematic Reviews and the PRISMA statement. The methodological quality of the articles and the risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 1530 studies were identified across the six databases, with 158 studies read in full by the authors after excluding duplicates and those that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The final 29 studies were analyzed for methodological quality and risk of bias using the AXIS and SFS-D tools. CONCLUSION: This review identified 27 self-administered validated instruments useful for assessing various mental health outcomes in police officers, with the most frequently used being the Police Stress Questionnaire. These findings may help guide security force administration, occupational health professionals, and mental health researchers in selecting and implementing psychometrically reliable instruments for screening the mental health of police officers.

Risk factors for Central Nervous System drug use among nursing students.

OBJECTIVES: to verify sociodemographic, academic and health risk factors for Central Nervous System drug use among nursing students. METHODS: a cross-sectional study with 199 public undergraduate students from Ceará, using Characterization Instrument, Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Fischer's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were performed, verifying an association between variables. Prevalence ratio was used. RESULTS: a total of 34 used such drugs, with predominance of use of anxiolytics, associated with age (p=0.026), dissatisfaction with the relationship between classmates (p=0.003), insomnia (p=0.009), chronic disease (p=0.001), depression (p=0.035), and severe anxiety (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: using Central Nervous System drugs among students was associated with sociodemographic, academic and health factors, evidencing the need for actions promoting undergraduate students' mental health.

Wild dogs at stake: deforestation threatens the only Amazon endemic canid, the short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis).

The persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threats to their biodiversity. To anticipate and mitigate these threats, it is important to understand and predict how species respond to the rapidly changing landscape. The short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis is the only Amazon-endemic canid and one of the most understudied wild dogs worldwide. We investigated short-eared dog habitat associations on two spatial scales. First, we used the largest record database ever compiled for short-eared dogs in combination with species distribution models to map species habitat suitability, estimate its distribution range and predict shifts in species distribution in response to predicted deforestation across the entire Amazon (regional scale). Second, we used systematic camera trap surveys and occupancy models to investigate how forest cover and forest fragmentation affect the space use of this species in the Southern Brazilian Amazon (local scale). Species distribution models suggested that the short-eared dog potentially occurs over an extensive and continuous area, through most of the Amazon region south of the Amazon River. However, approximately 30% of the short-eared dog's current distribution is expected to be lost or suffer sharp declines in habitat suitability by 2027 (within three generations) due to forest loss. This proportion might reach 40% of the species distribution in unprotected areas and exceed 60% in some interfluves (i.e. portions of land separated by large rivers) of the Amazon basin. Our local-scale analysis indicated that the presence of forest positively affected short-eared dog space use, while the density of forest edges had a negative effect. Beyond shedding light on the ecology of the short-eared dog and refining its distribution range, our results stress that forest loss poses a serious threat to the conservation of the species in a short time frame. Hence, we propose a re-assessment of the short-eared dog's current IUCN Red List status (Near Threatened) based on findings presented here. Our study exemplifies how data can be integrated across sources and modelling procedures to improve our knowledge of relatively understudied species.

Scavenging as a pathway for plastic ingestion by marine animals.

Plastic pollution is prevalent worldwide and affects marine wildlife from urbanized beaches to pristine oceanic islands. However, the ecological basis and mechanisms that result in marine animal ingestion of plastic debris are still relatively unknown, despite recent advances. We investigated the relationship between scavenging behavior and plastic ingestion using green turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a model. Diet analysis of C. mydas showed that sea turtles engaging in scavenging behavior ingested significantly more plastic debris than individuals that did not engage in this foraging strategy. We argue that opportunistic scavenging behavior, an adaptive behavior in most marine ecosystems, may now pose a threat to a variety of marine animals due to the current widespread plastic pollution found in oceans.

Fatores associados à satisfação com o tempo para atividades de lazer de estudantes de enfermagem / Factores asociados a la satisfacción con el tiempo para actividades de ocio de estudiantes de enfermería / Factors associated with satisfaction with time for leisure activities of nursing students

Objetivo: identificar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, acadêmicas e de lazer com a satisfação com o tempo de lazer de estudantes de Enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 199 estudantes de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de junho a setembro de 2019, em que foi utilizado um questionário impresso. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: encontrou-se média de 10 horas semanais dedicadas ao lazer pessoal, alta prevalência de estudantes insatisfeitos, além de associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, acadêmicas, clínicas e referentes às atividades realizadas no tempo livre com a satisfação junto ao tempo de lazer pelos acadêmicos de Enfermagem. Conclusão: os dados são importantes para dar subsídio à futuras discussões acerca das dimensões da qualidade de vida dos estudantes de Enfermagem, com destaque para as atividades de lazer realizadas com a finalidade de propiciar uma experiência acadêmica saudável e harmoniosa.

Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, académicas y de ocio con la satisfacción con el tiempo de ocio de estudiantes de Enfermería. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 199 estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Ceará. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre junio y septiembre de 2019, cuando se utilizó un cuestionario impreso. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se encontró media de 10 horas semanales dedicadas al ocio personal, alta prevalencia de estudiantes insatisfechos, además de asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, académicos, clínicas y referentes a las actividades realizadas en el tiempo libre con la satisfacción junto al tiempo de ocio por los académicos de Enfermería. Conclusión: los datos son importantes para dar subsidio a futuras discusiones acerca de las dimensiones de la calidad de vida de los estudiantes de Enfermería, con destaque para las actividades de ocio realizadas con la finalidad de propiciar una experiencia académica saludable y armoniosa.

Objective to identify the association between sociodemographic, academic and leisure variables with satisfaction with leisure time of nursing students. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 199 nursing students from the Federal University of Ceará. Data collection took place from June to September 2019, in which a printed questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: an average of 10 hours a week dedicated to personal leisure was found, in addition to high prevalence of dissatisfied students, and association between sociodemographic variables, activities performed in free time with the satisfaction with leisure time by nursing students. Conclusion: the data are important to give subsidy to future discussions about the dimensions of quality of life of nursing students, especially leisure activities carried out in order to provide a healthy and harmonious academic experience.

Risk factors for Central Nervous System drug use among nursing students / Factores de riesgo para el uso de fármacos del Sistema Nervioso Central en estudiantes de enfermería / Fatores de risco para uso de fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central entre estudantes de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify sociodemographic, academic and health risk factors for Central Nervous System drug use among nursing students. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 199 public undergraduate students from Ceará, using Characterization Instrument, Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Fischer's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were performed, verifying an association between variables. Prevalence ratio was used. Results: a total of 34 used such drugs, with predominance of use of anxiolytics, associated with age (p=0.026), dissatisfaction with the relationship between classmates (p=0.003), insomnia (p=0.009), chronic disease (p=0.001), depression (p=0.035), and severe anxiety (p=0.023). Conclusions: using Central Nervous System drugs among students was associated with sociodemographic, academic and health factors, evidencing the need for actions promoting undergraduate students' mental health.

RESUMEN Objetivos: verificar los factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, académicos y de salud por el uso de drogas en el Sistema Nervioso Central en estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 199 estudiantes de una universidad pública de Ceará, utilizando el Instrumento de Caracterización, Cuestionario de Sentido de Coherencia de Antonovsky, Inventario de depresión de Beck y Inventario de ansiedad de Beck. Se realizó la prueba exacta de Fischer y la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson, verificando la asociación entre variables. Se utilizó la razón de prevalencia. Resultados: 34 utilizaron este tipo de fármacos, predominantemente ansiolíticos, asociados a la edad (p=0,026), insatisfacción con la relación entre compañeros de curso (p=0,003), insomnio (p=0,009), enfermedad crónica (p=0,001), depresión (p=0,035) y ansiedad severa (p=0,023). Conclusiones: el uso de drogas del Sistema Nervioso Central en estudiantes se asoció con factores sociodemográficos, académicos y de salud, destacando la necesidad de acciones para promover la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios.

RESUMO Objetivos: verificar fatores de risco sociodemográficos, acadêmicos e de saúde para o uso de fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central entre estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 199 estudantes de universidade pública do Ceará, utilizando Instrumento de Caracterização, Questionário de Senso de Coerência de Antonovsky, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. Realizou-se Teste exato de Fischer e Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, verificando associação entre variáveis. Utilizou-se Razão de Prevalência. Resultados: 34 utilizavam tais fármacos, predominando o uso dos ansiolíticos, associado à idade (p=0,026), à insatisfação com o relacionamento entre colegas de curso (p=0,003), à insônia (p=0,009), à doença crônica (p=0,001), à depressão (p=0,035) e à ansiedade grave (p=0,023). Conclusões: o uso de fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central entre os estudantes esteve associado a fatores sociodemográficos, acadêmicos e de saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de ações promotoras da saúde mental dos universitários.