RESUMEN
Logbooks are ubiquitous in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Here, two alumni who are in the early phase of their career, reflect on their experience in their undergraduate paediatric term and how this was shaped by their mandatory paediatric logbook.
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Educación Médica , Niño , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the burden of and trends in paediatric tuberculosis (TB) in Australia between 2003 and 2012. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of TB data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) on TB in children (under 15 years of age) during the 10-year period, 2003-2012. RESULTS: TB notifications in Australia during the study period included 538 children (range, 37-66 cases per year), representing 4.6% of the total TB case load during the period (range, 3.8%-5.8% each year). Place of birth was recorded for 524 patients (97.4%); of these, 230 (43.9%) were born in Australia, 294 (56.1%) overseas. The average annual notification rate was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.20-1.43) cases per 100 000 child population. The rate was higher for overseas-born than for Australian-born children (9.57 [95% CI, 8.51-10.73] v 0.61 [95% CI, 0.53-0.69] cases per 100 000 children. The overall rate was highest among those aged 0-4 years. The annual notification rate was three times higher for Indigenous children than for non-Indigenous Australian-born children. Of 427 patients (79.4% of total) for whom the method of case detection was recorded, 37.0% were detected by contact screening, 8.7% by post-arrival immigration screening, and 54.3% by passive case detection. Pulmonary TB was the most common diagnostic classification (64.7% of patients). The most common risk factors were close contact with a TB case and recent residence in a country with a high incidence of TB. Treatment outcomes were satisfactory; 89.4% of children had completed treatment or were cured. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of paediatric TB in Australia is low but has not changed over the past decade. The highest rates are among children born overseas, emphasising the important role of immigration screening as Australia aspires to eliminate TB.
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Notificación de Enfermedades/métodos , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Medición de Riesgo , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Distribución por Edad , Australia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
We conducted a prospective, nested study using nucleotide sequencing to examine influenza positive respiratory samples in families for genetic homology in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. Influenza A H3N2 viruses from 3 families had identical, family specific, HA1 nucleotide sequences. Sequences among these families were genetically heterogeneous. A 4th family was distinguished by sequencing of the influenza neuraminidase gene.
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Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Humana/transmisión , Adulto , Preescolar , Familia , Humanos , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Epidemiología Molecular , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Clusters of BCG vaccine-associated suppurative lymphadenitis (BCG-ASLD) have been reported in many countries. We have observed an increase in BCG-ASLD following the change from the percutaneous Evans vaccine to the intradermal BCG Statens Serum Institute (SSI) vaccine.