RESUMEN
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a negative feedback inhibitor of cytoplasmic Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. SOCS1 also contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), yet, the in vivo importance of nuclear translocation is unknown. We generated transgenic mice containing mutated Socs1ΔNLS that fails to translocate in the cell nucleus (MGLtg mice). Whereas mice fully deficient for SOCS1 die within the first 3 weeks due to excessive interferon signaling and multiorgan inflammation, mice expressing only non-nuclear Socs1ΔNLS (Socs1-/-MGLtg mice) were rescued from early lethality. Canonical interferon gamma signaling was still functional in Socs1-/-MGLtg mice as shown by unaltered tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and whole genome expression analysis. However, a subset of NFκB inducible genes was dysregulated. Socs1-/-MGLtg mice spontaneously developed low-grade inflammation in the lung and had elevated Th2-type cytokines. Upon ovalbumin sensitization and challenge, airway eosinophilia was increased in Socs1-/-MGLtg mice. Decreased transepithelial electrical resistance in trachea epithelial cells from Socs1-/-MGLtg mice suggests disrupted epithelial cell barrier. The results indicate that nuclear SOCS1 is a regulator of local immunity in the lung and unravel a so far unrecognized function for SOCS1 in the cell nucleus.
RESUMEN
This paper presents a list of species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) sampled in Porto Mauá municipality (27°34’S, 28°40’W), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly between March 2008 and March 2009. After 204 net-hours of sampling effort, a total of 1,993 individuals from 253 species were recorded. With a single additional expedition, eight new species were added, reaching a total of 261 species recorded in the region of Porto Mauá. These new reports and the species accumulation curves may indicate a much richer fauna. The distribution of richness among butterfly families is compared with other inventories in seasonal semi-deciduous forest areas in the Atlantic Forest. We also discuss the importance of riparian forests of the Uruguay River as an ecological corridor that enables the maintenance of the butterfly fauna on the southern edge of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest Ecoregion.
Este estudo apresenta uma lista de espécies de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) para o município de Porto Mauá (27°34’S, 28°40’W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, entre março de 2008 e março de 2009. Após 204 horas/rede de esforço amostral foram amostrados 1.993 indivíduos pertencentes a 253 espécies. Com apenas uma coleta adicional foram obtidos oito novos registros, totalizando 261 espécies para a região de Porto Mauá. Estes novos registros somados ès curvas de acumulação de espécies indicam que a riqueza de borboletas pode ser ainda mais alta. A distribuição da riqueza entre as famílias de borboletas é comparada com inventários em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual na Mata Atlântica. Além disso, discute-se a importância das matas ciliares do Rio Uruguai como um corredor ecológico, permitindo a manutenção da fauna de borboletas no limite sul da Ecorregião Florestas do Alto Paraná.