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BACKGROUND: Existing guidelines for predicting common bile duct stones (CBDS) are not specific for acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC). This paper is a posthoc analysis of the S.P.Ri.M.A.C.C study aiming to prospectively validate on a large independent cohort of patients the Israeli Score (IS) in predicting CBDS in patients with ACC. METHODS: The S.P.Ri.M.A.C.C. study is an observational multicenter prospective study endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). Between September 1st, 2021, and September 1st, 2022, 1201 participants were included. The Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data. A Cochran-Armitage test was run to determine whether a linear trend existed between the IS and the presence of CBDS. To assess the accuracy of the prediction model, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. Logistic regression was run to obtain Odds Ratio (OR). A two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The rate of CBDS was 1.8% in patients with an IS of 0, 4.2% in patients with an IS of 1, 24.5% in patients with 2 and 56.3% in patients with 3 (p < 0.001). The Cochran-Armitage test of trend showed a statistically significant linear trend, p < 0.001. Patients with an IS of 3 had 64.4 times (95% CI 24.8-166.9) higher odds of having associated CBDS than patients with an IS of 0. The AUC of the ROC curve of IS for the prediction of CBDS was 0.809 (95% CI 0.752-0.865, p < 0.001). By applying the highest cut-off point (3), the specificity reached 99%, while using the lowest cut-off value (0), the sensitivity reached 100%. CONCLUSION: The IS is a reliable tool to predict CBDS associated with ACC. The algorithm derived from the IS could optimize the management of patients with ACC.
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Colecistitis Aguda , Coledocolitiasis , Cálculos Biliares , Humanos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Colecistitis Aguda/complicaciones , Colecistitis Aguda/diagnóstico , Coledocolitiasis/cirugía , Conducto Colédoco/cirugía , Cálculos Biliares/complicaciones , Cálculos Biliares/cirugía , Israel , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We reviewed our experience with patients presenting with trauma and peritonitis who underwent an open abdomen (OA) procedure, and compared outcomes between Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) and a modified Barker Vacuum Pack (mBVP) technique. METHODS: In this descriptive study, we retrospectively analyzed data regarding all patients who underwent OA for intra-abdominal sepsis or abdominal trauma at our Centre from January 2012 to December 2015. Demographic data, co-morbidities, indications to surgery, intra-operative details and Björck classification grade were considered. Outcomes included were: time to closure in days, fascial closure rates, ICU and hospital stay, in-hospital and overall mortality, and entero-atmospheric fistula rate. RESULTS: A total of 83 cases were considered. Mean closure time was 6 days versus 6.5 days (p = 0.71) in NPWT and mBVP groups, respectively; the fascial closure rate was 75.4% versus 93.8% (p = 0.10). At multivariate analysis, in-hospital and overall mortality were significantly higher within the mBVP, as compared to NPWT (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 13.1, p = 0.02 - OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 14.1, p = 0.01). Entero-atmospheric fistula rate was 2.6% in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: NPWT as a temporary abdominal closure technique, as compared to mBVP, appears to be associated with better outcomes in terms of mortality.
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Traumatismos Abdominales/cirugía , Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal , Terapia de Presión Negativa para Heridas/métodos , Peritonitis/cirugía , Abdomen/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Fístula , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , VacioRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: The development of a new cholangioscope, the SpyGlass™ Discover (Boston Scientific), has allowed the laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration and stone clearance. The possibility of simultaneous treatment of choledocholithiasis during early laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers the opportunity to enormously reduce the time between acute cholecystitis diagnosis and the execution of cholecystectomy with better outcomes for patients. Furthermore, an altered anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract is not an obstacle to this technique. The aim of the study was to determine whether this new procedure is feasible, safe, and effective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The investigation employs a retrospective case series study including all consecutive patients with a diagnosis of common bile duct stones undergoing cholecystectomy and intraoperative laparoscopic common bile duct clearance using SpyGlass™ Discover at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia (Italy). Eighteen patients were included from May 2022 to May 2023. RESULTS: A complete clearance of the common bile duct was obtained in 88.9% of patients. The mean postoperative length of stay was 3 days. No major complications occurred. After a median follow-up of 8 months, no recurrence of biliary events or readmissions occurred. CONCLUSION: This procedure has proven to be feasible, safe, and effective.
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Cálculos Biliares , Laparoscopía , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Colecistectomía , Cálculos Biliares/cirugía , Conducto Colédoco/cirugíaRESUMEN
The definition of Early Cholecystectomy (EC) is still debatable. This paper aims to find whether the timing of EC affects outcomes. The article reports a multicentric prospective observational study including patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) who had cholecystectomy within ten days from the onset of symptoms. Kruskall-Wallis test, Fisher's Exact test, and Spearman rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the timing of the operation: 0-3 days, 4-7 days, or 8-10 days from the onset of symptoms. 1117 patients were studied over a year. The time from the onset of symptoms to EC did not affect the post-operative complications and mortality, the conversion, and the reintervention rate. The time represented a significant risk factor for intraoperative complications (0-3 days, 2.8%; 4-7 days, 5.6%; 8-10 days, 7.9%; p = 0.01) and subtotal cholecystectomies (0-3 days, 2.7%; 4-7 days, 5.6%; 8-10 days, 10.9%; p < 0.001). ACC is an evolutive inflammatory process and, as the days go by, the local and systemic inflammation increases, making surgery more complex and difficult with a higher risk of intraoperative complications. We recommend performing EC for ACC as soon as possible, within the first ten days of the onset of symptoms.
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International guidelines exclude from surgery patients with peritoneal carcinosis of colorectal origin and a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) ≥ 16. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinosis and PCI greater or equal to 16 treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) (CRS + HIPEC). We retrospectively performed a multicenter observational study involving three Italian institutions, namely the IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia, the M. Bufalini Hospital in Cesena, and the ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital in Bergamo. The study included all patients undergoing CRS + HIPEC for peritoneal carcinosis from colorectal origin from November 2011 to June 2022. The study included 71 patients: 56 with PCI < 16 and 15 with PCI ≥ 16. Patients with higher PCI had longer operative times and a statistically significant higher rate of not complete cytoreduction, with a Completeness of Cytoreduction score (CC) 1 (microscopical disease) of 30.8% (p = 0.004). The 2-year OS was 81% for PCI < 16 and 37% for PCI ≥ 16 (p < 0.001). The 2-years DFS was 29% for PCI < 16 and 0% for PCI ≥ 16 (p < 0.001). The 2-year peritoneal DFS for patients with PCI < 16 was 48%, and for patients with PCI ≥ 16 was 57% (p = 0.783). CRS and HIPEC provide reasonable local disease control for patients with carcinosis of colorectal origin and PCI ≥ 16. Such results form the basis for new studies to reassess the exclusion of these patients, as set out in the current guidelines, from CRS and HIPEC. This therapy, combined with new therapeutical strategies, i.e., pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC), could offer reasonable local control of the disease, preventing local complications. As a result, it increases the patient's chances of receiving chemotherapy to improve the systemic control of the disease.
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BACKGROUND: Less invasive alternatives than early cholecystectomy (EC) for acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) treatment have been spreading in recent years. We still lack a reliable tool to select high-risk patients who could benefit from these alternatives. Our study aimed to prospectively validate the Chole-risk score in predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing EC for ACC compared with other preoperative risk prediction models. METHOD: The S.P.Ri.M.A.C.C. study is a World Society of Emergency Surgery prospective multicenter observational study. From 1st September 2021 to 1st September 2022, 1253 consecutive patients admitted in 79 centers were included. The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of ACC and to be a candidate for EC. A Cochran-Armitage test of the trend was run to determine whether a linear correlation existed between the Chole-risk score and a complicated postoperative course. To assess the accuracy of the analyzed prediction models-POSSUM Physiological Score (PS), modified Frailty Index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, American Society of Anesthesiologist score (ASA), APACHE II score, and ACC severity grade-receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to compare the diagnostic abilities. RESULTS: A 30-day major morbidity of 6.6% and 30-day mortality of 1.1% were found. Chole-risk was validated, but POSSUM PS was the best risk prediction model for a complicated course after EC for ACC (in-hospital mortality: AUC 0.94, p < 0.001; 30-day mortality: AUC 0.94, p < 0.001; in-hospital major morbidity: AUC 0.73, p < 0.001; 30-day major morbidity: AUC 0.70, p < 0.001). POSSUM PS with a cutoff of 25 (defined in our study as a 'Chole-POSSUM' score) was then validated in a separate cohort of patients. It showed a 100% sensitivity and a 100% negative predictive value for mortality and a 96-97% negative predictive value for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: The Chole-risk score was externally validated, but the CHOLE-POSSUM stands as a more accurate prediction model. CHOLE-POSSUM is a reliable tool to stratify patients with ACC into a low-risk group that may represent a safe EC candidate, and a high-risk group, where new minimally invasive endoscopic techniques may find the most useful field of action. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT04995380.
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Colecistectomía , Colecistitis , Humanos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , MorbilidadRESUMEN
Laparotomy incisions provide easy and rapid access to the peritoneal cavity in case of emergency surgery. Incisional hernia (IH) is a late manifestation of the failure of abdominal wall closure and represents frequent complication of any abdominal incision: IHs can cause pain and discomfort to the patients but also clinical serious sequelae like bowel obstruction, incarceration, strangulation, and necessity of reoperation. Previous guidelines and indications in the literature consider elective settings and evidence about laparotomy closure in emergency settings is lacking. This paper aims to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) project called ECLAPTE (Effective Closure of LAParoTomy in Emergency): the final manuscript includes guidelines on the closure of emergency laparotomy.
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Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal , Hernia Incisional , Humanos , Laparotomía/efectos adversos , Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal/efectos adversos , Técnicas de Sutura/efectos adversos , Hernia Incisional/etiología , Reoperación/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastric outlet obstruction can result from several benign and malignant diseases, in particular gastric, duodenal or pancreatic tumors. Surgical gastroenterostomy and enteral endoscopic stenting have represented effective therapeutic options, although recently endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is spreading improving the outcome of this condition. However, this procedure, although mini-invasive, is burdened with not negligible complications, including misdeployment. MAIN BODY: We report the case of a 60-year-old male with gastric outlet obstruction who underwent ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using LAMS. The procedure was complicated by LAMS misdeployment being managed by laparoscopy-assisted placement of a second LAMS. We performed a systematic review in order to identify all reported cases of misdeployment in EUS-GE and their management. The literature shows that misdeployment occurs in up to 10% of all EUS-GE procedures with a wide spectrum of possible strategies of treatment. CONCLUSION: The here reported hybrid technique may offer an innovative strategy to manage LAMS misdeployment when this occurs. Moreover, a hybrid approach may be valuable to overcome this complication, especially in early phases of training of EUS-guided gastroenterostomy.
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Obstrucción de la Salida Gástrica , Ultrasonografía Intervencional , Endosonografía/efectos adversos , Endosonografía/métodos , Obstrucción de la Salida Gástrica/etiología , Obstrucción de la Salida Gástrica/cirugía , Gastroenterostomía/efectos adversos , Gastroenterostomía/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Stents , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/efectos adversos , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodosRESUMEN
Acute left colonic diverticulitis (ALCD) in the elderly presents with unique epidemiological features when compared with younger patients. The clinical presentation is more nuanced in the elderly population, having higher in-hospital and postoperative mortality. Furthermore, geriatric comorbidities are a risk factor for complicated diverticulitis. Finally, elderly patients have a lower risk of recurrent episodes and, in case of recurrence, a lower probability of requiring urgent surgery than younger patients. The aim of the present work is to study age-related factors that may support a unique approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this problem in the elderly when compared with the WSES guidelines for the management of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis. During the 1° Pisa Workshop of Acute Care & Trauma Surgery held in Pisa (Italy) in September 2019, with the collaboration of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), the Italian Society of Geriatric Surgery (SICG), the Italian Hospital Surgeons Association (ACOI), the Italian Emergency Surgery and Trauma Association (SICUT), the Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care (AcEMC) and the Italian Society of Surgical Pathophysiology (SIFIPAC), three panel members presented a number of statements developed for each of the four themes regarding the diagnosis and management of ALCD in older patients, formulated according to the GRADE approach, at a Consensus Conference where a panel of experts participated. The statements were subsequently debated, revised, and finally approved by the Consensus Conference attendees. The current paper is a summary report of the definitive guidelines statements on each of the following topics: diagnosis, management, surgical technique and antibiotic therapy.
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Diverticulitis del Colon , Cirujanos , Anciano , Diverticulitis del Colon/diagnóstico , Diverticulitis del Colon/cirugía , Humanos , ItaliaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage is suggested as the first approach in the management of symptomatic and complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Dual approach with percutaneous drainage could be the best choice when the necrosis is deep extended till the pelvic paracolic gutter; however, the available catheter could not be large enough to drain solid necrosis neither to perform necrosectomy, entailing a higher need for surgery. Therefore, percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy through a large bore percutaneous self-expandable metal stent has been proposed. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we present the case of a 61-year-old man admitted to our hospital with a history of sepsis and persistent multiorgan failure secondary to walled-off pancreatic necrosis due to acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Firstly, the patient underwent transgastric endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage using a lumen-apposing metal stent and three sessions of direct endoscopic necrosectomy. Because of recurrence of multiorgan failure and the presence of the necrosis deeper to the pelvic paracolic gutter at computed tomography scan, we decided to perform percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy using an esophageal self-expandable metal stent. After four sessions of necrosectomy, the collection was resolved without complications. Therefore, we perform a revision of the literature, in order to provide the state-of-art on this technique. The available data are, to date, derived by case reports and case series, which showed high rates both of technical and clinical success. However, a not negligible rate of adverse events has been reported, mainly represented by fistulas and abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: Dual approach, using lumen apposing metal stent and percutaneous self-expandable metal stent, is a compelling option of treatment for patients affected by symptomatic, complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis, allowing to directly remove large amounts of necrosis avoiding surgery. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy seems a promising technique that could be part of the step-up-approach, before emergency surgery. However, to date, it should be reserved in referral centers, where a multidisciplinary team is disposable.
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Drenaje/métodos , Endosonografía , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/cirugía , Stents , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/diagnóstico por imagen , Stents Metálicos Autoexpandibles , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In recent years, many studies showed that the Trauma Mortality Probability Model (TMPM-ICD-9) had better calibration compared to other ICD-9-based models and to the ones based to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The study aims to assess the validity of TMPM-ICD-9 in predicting injury severity in an Italian region and, through this model, to assess the performances of the Trauma Systems SIAT Romagna. METHODS: Administrative data of trauma patients admitted in the Trauma System of SIAT Romagna, in Northern Italy, from 2014 to 2018 were obtained. The XISS, an indirect indicator of Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the TMPM-POD (Probability of Death) were calculated from ICD-9-CM codes. Only patients with XISS > 15 were included. Student t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test were used for univariate analyses, while logistic regression for multivariate analyses. RESULTS: 3907 trauma patients with XISS > 15 were included. The Hub hospital (HUB) received 47.1% of these patients. Patients treated in HUB had higher TMPM-POD than in SPOKE + PST (mean TMPM-POD ± SD: HUB 0.093 ± 0.091, SPOKE + PST 0.082 ± 0.90, p < 0.027), but only age and sex were significant risk factors for centralization at multivariate analyses. Higher age (73.1 ± 21.2 vs 66.9 ± 21.2, p < 0.001), higher XISS (16(9) vs 16(4), p < 0.001) and higher TMPM-POD (0.15 ± 0.14 vs 0.08 ± 0.08, p < 0.001) resulted significant risk factors for mortality at multivariate analysis. Lower age, higher XISS and lower Trauma Centers (TC) level were significant risk factors for splenectomy at multivariate analysis. The splenectomy rate was 1.3% in HUB and of 2.2% in SPOKE + PST (Risk Ratio = 0.4, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Present analysis proved the validity of TMPM-ICD-9 in predicting mortality of trauma patients in an Italian region. Furthermore, the usefulness of data extracted from an administrative database to assess the performance of a TS and the importance of an adequate centralization process have emerged. Even with a higher TMPM-POD and with the same mortality rate, HUB showed a higher spleen salvage rate compared to SPOKE + PST. However, thanks to this model, an improvable centralization process in SIAT Romagna was found in the study period. Probably, an enhanced centralization would have improved the spleen salvage rate, which is an important quality indicator in the evaluation of the performance of the TS.
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Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Centros Traumatológicos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary tumor of the liver, and the recurrence after hepatic resection (HR), the only curative therapy, is linked with a worse prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy (SC) and liver loco-regional treatments, like trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radio embolization (TARE), have been employed for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic metastasis (IM) with benefit on overall survival (OS), but SC has a limited effect on peritoneal metastasis (PM). In the last years, novel treatments like electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycine (BLM) for IM and cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS and HIPEC) for PM have been applied in small series but with encouraging results. We hereby describe the first synchronous application of ECT and CRS and HIPEC for the treatment of a patient with IM and PM from CCA. Case Description: A 47-year-old male patient with CCA underwent HR followed by adjuvant SC. After 14 months, for the occurrence of IM, the patient underwent a second HR and SC. Nonetheless, a new recurrence occurred and a third attempt of HR was proposed. Due to the intraoperative finding of unresectable IM with PM, no resective procedure was performed and the patient was referred to our center. CRS and HIPEC with cisplatin and mitomycin for PM and ECT with BLM on a bulky metastasis of the hepatic hilum were performed after 38 months from the first HR. The length of hospital stay was 19 days. At the computed tomography (CT) performed 11 days after treatment complete necrosis of the treated IM was detected. Results: CT scan after 3 and 6 months and magnetic resonance after 9 months were performed. Necrosis of the treated IM nor PM but progression of the residual liver lesions was observed. After 3 months, the patient received SC and underwent TACE after 8 months and TARE after 9 months for the residual liver metastases. At 14 months from CRS and HIPEC, the patient is alive, in good condition, and with stability of the disease. Conclusions: The association of ECT and CRS and HIPEC could be safe and effective for the treatment of unresectable recurrent intrahepatic CCA with PM.
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Use of open abdomen (OA) progressively acquired increasing importance with the diffusion of the damage control management of critical patients. The purpose of the present study is to identify the state of the art about the use of OA in Italy, focusing on techniques, critical issues and clinical outcomes. A prospective analysis of adult patients enrolled in the IROA, limited to the Italian participating centres was performed. 375 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 64 ± 16 years old, 56% of the patients were male, mean BMI was 26.9 ± 5.2. Main indications for using OA were secondary peritonitis (32.5%), post-operative peritonitis (22.9%) and trauma (11.7%). Main OA techniques used were commercial negative pressure wound therapy (49.6%) and Bogotà bag (27.7%). Definitive closure of the abdomen was reached in 82.4% of patients after 6 ± 7 days of OA. The primary fascia closure rate was 84.7%. Overall mortality was 29.1%. The complication rate was 50.8%, with an enteroatmospheric fistula incidence: 7.5%. A univariate analysis performed on complication type found the duration of OA treatment (p = 0.024) to be statistically significant. Univariate analysis on mortality risk identified as significant age, duration of OA (in days) and pancreatitis as indication; multivariate analysis confirmed age (p < 0.001) and pancreatitis (p = 0.002) as statistically significant. A large variety of behaviours towards the patient requiring OA exists. A strong acceptance of common, recognized and evidence-based guidelines is essential, to obtain more uniformity in patient management and coherence of collected data, thus leading to improvement in outcomes and reduction of costs.
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Abdomen/cirugía , Técnicas de Abdomen Abierto/tendencias , Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia de Presión Negativa para Heridas , Pancreatitis , Peritonitis/mortalidad , Peritonitis/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The majority of patients with splenic trauma undergo non-operative management (NOM); around 15% of these cases fail NOM and require surgery. The aim of the current study is to assess whether the hemodynamic status of the patient represents a risk factor for failure of NOM (fNOM) and if this may be considered a relevant factor in the decision-making process, especially in Centers where AE (angioembolization), intensive monitoring and 24-h-operating room are not available. Furthermore, the presence of additional risk factors for fNOM was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a multicentre prospective observational study, including patients presenting with blunt splenic trauma older than 17 years, managed between 2014 and 2016 in two Italian trauma centres (ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII in Bergamo and Sant'Anna University Hospital in Ferrara-Italy). The risk factors for fNOM were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In total, 124 patients were included in the study. In univariate analysis, the risk factors for fNOM were AAST grade > 3 (fNOM 37.5% vs 9.1%, p = 0.024), and the need of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the emergency department (ED) (fNOM 42.9% vs 8.9%, p = 0.011). Multivariate analysis showed that the only significant risk factor for fNOM was the need for RBC transfusion in the ED (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: The current study confirms the contraindication to NOM in case of hemodynamically instability in case of splenic trauma, as indicated by the most recent guidelines; attention should be paid to patients with transient hemodynamic stability, including patients who require transfusion of RBC in the ED. These patients could benefit from AE; in centers where AE, intensive monitoring and an 24-h-operating room are not available, this particular subgroup of patients should probably be treated with operative management.
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Traumatismos Abdominales/terapia , Tratamiento Conservador , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/estadística & datos numéricos , Choque Traumático/terapia , Bazo/lesiones , Esplenectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Heridas no Penetrantes/terapia , Traumatismos Abdominales/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Embolización Terapéutica/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Femenino , Hemodinámica , Hemostasis Quirúrgica/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Italia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Choque Traumático/complicaciones , Bazo/cirugía , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Heridas no Penetrantes/complicaciones , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Self-inflicted injuries represent a consistent cause of trauma and falls from heights (FFH) represent a common dynamic used for suicidal attempts. The aim of the current report is to compare, among FFH patients, unintentional fallers and intentional jumpers in terms of demographical characteristics, clinical-pathological parameters and mortality, describing the population at risk for suicide by jumping and the particular patterns of injury of FFH patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data regarding FFH patients, extracted from the Trauma Registry of the Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital in Bergamo, Italy. Demographic characteristics, clinical-pathological parameters, patterns of injury, outcomes including mortality rates of jumpers and fallers were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The FFH trauma group included 299 patients between April 2014 and July 2016: 259 of them (86.6%) were fallers and 40 (13.4%) were jumpers. At multivariate analysis both young age (p = 0.01) and female sex (p < 0.001) were statistical significant risk factors for suicidal attempt with FFH. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the arrival was lower and ISS was higher in the self-inflicted injury group (SBP 133.35 ± 23.46 in fallers vs 109.89 ± 29.93 in jumpers, p < 0.001; ISS in fallers 12.61 ± 10.65 vs 18.88 ± 11.80 in jumpers, p = 0.001). Jumpers reported higher AIS score than fallers for injuries to: face (p = 0.023), abdomen (p < 0.001) and extremities (p = 0.004). The global percentage of patients who required advanced or definitive airway control was significantly higher in the jumper group (35.0% vs 16.2%, p = 0.005). In total, 75% of jumpers and the 34% of fallers received surgical intervention (p < 0.001). A higher number of jumpers needed ICU admission, as compared to fallers (57.5% vs 23.6%, p < 0.001); jumpers showed longer total length of stay (26.00 ± 24.34 vs 14.89 ± 13.04, p = 0.007) and higher early mortality than fallers (7.5% vs 1.2%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In Northern Italy, the population at highest risk of suicide by jumping and requiring Trauma Team activation is greatly composed by middle-aged women. Furthermore, FFH is the most common suicidal method. Jumpers show tendency to "feet-first landing" and seem to have more severe injuries, worse outcome and a higher early mortality rate, as compared to fallers. The Trauma Registry can be a useful tool to describe clusters of patients at high risk for suicidal attempts and to plan preventive and clinical actions, with the aim of optimizing hospital care for FFH trauma patients.
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Traumatismos Abdominales/epidemiología , Accidentes por Caídas , Lesiones Accidentales/epidemiología , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/epidemiología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Traumatismos Torácicos/epidemiología , Escala Resumida de Traumatismos , Traumatismos Abdominales/mortalidad , Traumatismos Abdominales/terapia , Lesiones Accidentales/mortalidad , Lesiones Accidentales/terapia , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/mortalidad , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/terapia , Extremidades/lesiones , Traumatismos Faciales/epidemiología , Traumatismos Faciales/terapia , Femenino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Italia/epidemiología , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Traumatismos Torácicos/mortalidad , Traumatismos Torácicos/terapiaRESUMEN
The epidemiology and the outcomes of acute appendicitis in elderly patients are very different from the younger population. Elderly patients with acute appendicitis showed higher mortality, higher perforation rate, lower diagnostic accuracy, longer delay from symptoms onset and admission, higher postoperative complication rate and higher risk of colonic and appendiceal cancer. The aim of the present work was to investigate age-related factors that could influence a different approach, compared to the 2016 WSES Jerusalem guidelines on general population, in terms of diagnosis and management of elderly patient with acute appendicitis. During the XXIX National Congress of the Italian Society of Surgical Pathophysiology (SIFIPAC) held in Cesena (Italy) in May 2019, in collaboration with the Italian Society of Geriatric Surgery (SICG), the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine (SIMEU), a panel of experts participated to a Consensus Conference where eight panelists presented a number of statements, which were developed for each of the four topics about diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in elderly patients, formulated according to the GRADE system. The statements were then voted, eventually modified and finally approved by the participants to the Consensus Conference. The current paper is reporting the definitive guidelines statements on each of the following topics: diagnosis, non-operative management, operative management and antibiotic therapy.
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Apendicitis/diagnóstico , Apendicitis/cirugía , Enfermedad Aguda , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , HumanosRESUMEN
Background: Peptic ulcer disease is common with a lifetime prevalence in the general population of 5-10% and an incidence of 0.1-0.3% per year. Despite a sharp reduction in incidence and rates of hospital admission and mortality over the past 30 years, complications are still encountered in 10-20% of these patients. Peptic ulcer disease remains a significant healthcare problem, which can consume considerable financial resources. Management may involve various subspecialties including surgeons, gastroenterologists, and radiologists. Successful management of patients with complicated peptic ulcer (CPU) involves prompt recognition, resuscitation when required, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and timely surgical/radiological treatment. Methods: The present guidelines have been developed according to the GRADE methodology. To create these guidelines, a panel of experts was designed and charged by the board of the WSES to perform a systematic review of the available literature and to provide evidence-based statements with immediate practical application. All the statements were presented and discussed during the 5th WSES Congress, and for each statement, a consensus among the WSES panel of experts was reached. Conclusions: The population considered in these guidelines is adult patients with suspected complicated peptic ulcer disease. These guidelines present evidence-based international consensus statements on the management of complicated peptic ulcer from a collaboration of a panel of experts and are intended to improve the knowledge and the awareness of physicians around the world on this specific topic. We divided our work into the two main topics, bleeding and perforated peptic ulcer, and structured it into six main topics that cover the entire management process of patients with complicated peptic ulcer, from diagnosis at ED arrival to post-discharge antimicrobial therapy, to provide an up-to-date, easy-to-use tool that can help physicians and surgeons during the decision-making process.
Asunto(s)
Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/terapia , Úlcera Péptica Perforada/terapia , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , HumanosRESUMEN
EndoVascular and Hybrid Trauma Management (EVTM) has been recently introduced in the treatment of severe pelvic ring injuries. This multimodal method of hemorrhage management counts on several strategies such as the REBOA (resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta). Few data exist on the use of REBOA in patients with a severely injured pelvic ring. The ABO (aortic balloon occlusion) Trauma Registry is designed to capture data for all trauma patients in hemorrhagic shock where management includes REBOA placement. Among all patients included in the ABO registry, 72 patients presented with severe pelvic injuries and were the population under exam. 66.7% were male. Mean and median ISS were respectively 43 and 41 (SD ± 13). Isolated pelvic injuries were observed in 12 patients (16.7%). Blunt trauma occurred in 68 patients (94.4%), penetrating in 2 (2.8%) and combined in 2 (2.8%). Type of injury: fall from height in 15 patients (23.1%), traffic accident in 49 patients (75.4%), and unspecified impact in 1 patient (1.5%). Femoral access was gained pre-hospital in 1 patient, in emergency room in 43, in operating room in 12 and in angio-suite in 16. REBOA was positioned in zone 1 in 59 patients (81,9%), in zone 2 in 1 (1,4%) and in zone 3 in 12 (16,7%). Aortic occlusion was partial/periodical in 35 patients (48,6%) and total occlusion in 37 patients (51,4%). REBOA associated morbidity rate: 11.1%. Overall mortality rate was 54.2% and early mortality rate (≤ 24 h) was 44.4%. In the univariate analysis, factors related to early mortality (≤ 24 h) are lower pH values (p = 0.03), higher base deficit (p = 0.021), longer INR (p = 0.012), minor increase in systolic blood pressure after the REBOA inflation (p = 0.03) and total aortic occlusion (p = 0.008). None of these values resulted significant in the multivariate analysis. In severe hemodynamically unstable pelvic trauma management, REBOA is a viable option when utilized in experienced centers as a bridge to other treatments; its use might be, however, accompanied with severe-to-lethal complications.
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Aorta , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/terapia , Oclusión con Balón/métodos , Pelvis/lesiones , Sistema de Registros , Choque Hemorrágico/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/etiología , Oclusión con Balón/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Relación Normalizada Internacional , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Choque Hemorrágico/etiología , Choque Hemorrágico/mortalidad , Sístole , Índices de Gravedad del Trauma , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: No consensus exists among surgeons regarding the optimal treatment of complicated acute appendicitis in children (CAA). Existing studies present heterogeneity of data and only few studies analyzed free perforated appendicitis (FPA) separately from appendicular abscess (AAb) and appendicular phlegmon (AP). METHOD: Studies which have been judged eligible for this systematic review and consequent meta-analysis are those comparing non-operative management (NOM) with operative management (OM) in children with CAA. Studies were subgrouped between those analyzing mixed patients with CAA, those focusing on patients with AAb/AP and those focusing on patients with FPA. RESULTS: Fourteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 1288 patients. In the fixed-effects model the complication rate was significantly favorable to the initial NOM arm for the AAb/AP subgroup (RRâ¯=â¯0.07, 95%CIâ¯=â¯0.02-0.27) and to the OM arm for the FPA subgroup (RRâ¯=â¯1.86, 95%CIâ¯=â¯1.20-2.87); the re-admission rate was significantly favorable to the initial NOM arm for the AAb/AP subgroup (RRâ¯=â¯0.35, 95%CIâ¯=â¯0.13-0.93) and to the OM arm for the FPA subgroup (RRâ¯=â¯1.49, 95%CIâ¯=â¯1.49-7.44). There was no statistical heterogeneity for the two subgroups of patients. The costs weren't significantly different between NOM and OM. The length of stay was favorable to OM. The pooled proportion rate of NOM success was 90%, the pooled relapse rate of appendicitis was 15.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Children with AAb/AP reported better results in terms of complication rate and re-admission rate if treated with NOM. Conversely children with FPA showed lower complication rate and re-admission rate if treated with OM. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
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Apendicectomía , Apendicitis/cirugía , Tratamiento Conservador , Apendicectomía/efectos adversos , Apendicectomía/métodos , Apendicectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Tratamiento Conservador/efectos adversos , Tratamiento Conservador/métodos , Tratamiento Conservador/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Readmisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Background: Trauma victims could be an important source of organs. This article presents two cases of successful organ donation and transplant, after Maastricht category III cardiac death in patients with successfully repaired AAST grade V traumatic cardiac injuries. Case presentation: The first donor was an adult patient with self-inflicted heart stab wound and non-survivable burn injury. The second one was an adult patient with blunt cardiac and abdominal trauma and an anoxic brain injury due to a car accident. The cardiac injury was promptly repaired in both patients. In the first case, adequate organ perfusion ante-mortem was achieved thanks to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intensive care unit support. The above procedure allowed successful organ donation and transplantation even after Maastricht category III cardiac death. This is the first case reported where, for organ donation purposes, it was made necessary first thing to avoid the immediate death of the patient, due to a rare and frequently not survivable cardiac injury. The challenge of preserving organ perfusion, due to major burn injury effects, was faced afterwards. Conclusions: The outcomes of these two cases suggest that a repaired heart injury should not be considered as an absolute contraindication to organ donation, even if it is associated with non-survivable major burns. Therefore, cardiac death could provide an opportunity for these kinds of patients to contribute to the pool of potential organ donors.