RESUMEN
Wild waterfowl serve as a reservoir of some astroviruses. Fecal samples from wild waterfowl collected at Hong Kong's Marshes were tested using pan-astrovirus reverse transcription-PCR. Positive samples underwent subsequent host identification using DNA barcoding. Based on deduced partial sequences, noteworthy samples from three astrovirus groups (mammalian, avian and unclassified astroviruses) were further analyzed by next-generation sequencing. One sample of Avastrovirus 4 clade, MP22-196, had a nearly complete genome identified. The results of ORF2 phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance analysis indicate that Avastrovirus 4 is classified as a distinct subclade within Avastrovirus. MP22-196 has typical astrovirus genome characteristics. The unique characteristics and potential differences of this genome, compared to other avian astrovirus sequences, involve the identification of a modified sgRNA sequence situated near the ORF2 start codon, which precedes the ORF1b stop codon. Additionally, the 3' UTR of MP22-196 is shorter than other avian astroviruses. This study expands our understanding of the Avastrovirus 4 clade.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Astroviridae , Aves , Heces , Variación Genética , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Animales , Hong Kong , Aves/virología , Heces/virología , Infecciones por Astroviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Astroviridae/virología , Animales Salvajes/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves/virología , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Avastrovirus/genética , Avastrovirus/clasificación , Avastrovirus/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Viral/genética , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Astroviridae/genética , Astroviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Astroviridae/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Zoonotic and pandemic influenza continue to pose threats to global public health. Pandemics arise when novel influenza A viruses, derived in whole or in part from animal or avian influenza viruses, adapt to transmit efficiently in a human population that has little population immunity to contain its onward transmission. Viruses of previous pandemic concern, such as influenza A(H7N9), arose from influenza A(H9N2) viruses established in domestic poultry acquiring a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza A viruses of aquatic waterfowl. We report a novel influenza A(H3N8) virus in chicken that has emerged in a similar manner and that has been recently reported to cause zoonotic disease. Although they are H3 subtype, these avian viruses are antigenically distant from contemporary human influenza A(H3N2) viruses, and there is little cross-reactive immunity in the human population. It is essential to heighten surveillance for these avian A(H3N8) viruses in poultry and in humans.
Asunto(s)
Subtipo H3N8 del Virus de la Influenza A , Subtipo H7N9 del Virus de la Influenza A , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Gripe Humana , Animales , Pollos , China/epidemiología , Hemaglutininas , Hong Kong/epidemiología , Humanos , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H7N9 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Neuraminidasa/genética , Filogenia , Aves de CorralRESUMEN
Literature covering diseases of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is either in Chinese or focuses on infectious agents. Here we describe the clinical signs, gross and microscopic findings, and immunohistochemistry results of a B-cell lymphoma in multiple organs of a 35-y-old captive male giant panda. The animal was euthanized because of prolonged anorexia and vomiting. Postmortem examination revealed ascites, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and thickened gall bladder mucosa. Histologically, the architecture of these organs was effaced by a densely cellular neoplasm composed of large, CD79a-positive neoplastic B lymphocytes supported by a fine fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells occasionally palisaded around an eosinophilic fibrillary center, sometimes resembling Homer Wright rosettes. To our knowledge, rosette-forming lymphoma has not been reported previously in animals.