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1.
Malar J ; 20(1): 172, 2021 Mar 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33789667

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cape Verde is an archipelago located off the West African coast and is in a pre-elimination phase of malaria control. Since 2010, fewer than 20 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases have been reported annually, except in 2017, when an outbreak in Praia before the rainy season led to 423 autochthonous cases. It is important to understand the genetic diversity of circulating P. falciparum to inform on drug resistance, potential transmission networks and sources of infection, including parasite importation. METHODS: Enrolled subjects involved malaria patients admitted to Dr Agostinho Neto Hospital at Praia city, Santiago island, Cape Verde, between July and October 2017. Neighbours and family members of enrolled cases were assessed for the presence of anti-P. falciparum antibodies. Sanger sequencing and real-time PCR was used to identify SNPs in genes associated with drug resistance (e.g., pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1, pfk13, pfcrt), and whole genome sequencing data were generated to investigate the population structure of P. falciparum parasites. RESULTS: The study analysed 190 parasite samples, 187 indigenous and 3 from imported infections. Malaria cases were distributed throughout Praia city. There were no cases of severe malaria and all patients had an adequate clinical and parasitological response after treatment. Anti-P. falciparum antibodies were not detected in the 137 neighbours and family members tested. No mutations were detected in pfdhps. The triple mutation S108N/N51I/C59R in pfdhfr and the chloroquine-resistant CVIET haplotype in the pfcrt gene were detected in almost all samples. Variations in pfk13 were identified in only one sample (R645T, E668K). The haplotype NFD for pfmdr1 was detected in the majority of samples (89.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in pfk13 associated with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) tolerance in Southeast Asia were not detected, but the majority of the tested samples carried the pfmdr1 haplotype NFD and anti-malarial-associated mutations in the the pfcrt and pfdhfr genes. The first whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for Cape Verdean parasites that showed that the samples cluster together, have a very high level of similarity and are close to other parasites populations from West Africa.


Asunto(s)
Resistencia a Medicamentos/genética , Malaria Falciparum/prevención & control , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Cabo Verde/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto Joven
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 26(6): 1084-1090, 2020 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32441631

RESUMEN

During 2015-2016, Cape Verde, an island nation off the coast of West Africa, experienced a Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak involving 7,580 suspected Zika cases and 18 microcephaly cases. Analysis of the complete genomes of 3 ZIKV isolates from the outbreak indicated the strain was of the Asian (not African) lineage. The Cape Verde ZIKV sequences formed a distinct monophylogenetic group and possessed 1-2 (T659A, I756V) unique amino acid changes in the envelope protein. Phylogeographic and serologic evidence support earlier introduction of this lineage into Cape Verde, possibly from northeast Brazil, between June 2014 and August 2015, suggesting cryptic circulation of the virus before the initial wave of cases were detected in October 2015. These findings underscore the utility of genomic-scale epidemiology for outbreak investigations.


Asunto(s)
Microcefalia , Infección por el Virus Zika , Virus Zika , África Occidental , Brasil/epidemiología , Cabo Verde , Brotes de Enfermedades , Genómica , Humanos , Microcefalia/epidemiología , Virus Zika/genética , Infección por el Virus Zika/epidemiología
4.
PLoS Curr ; 102018 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29637009

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the island nation of Cabo Verde was of unprecedented magnitude in Africa and the first to be associated with microcephaly in the continent. METHODS: Using a simple mathematical framework we present a first epidemiological assessment of attack and observation rates from 7,580 ZIKV notified cases and 18 microcephaly reports between July 2015 and May 2016. RESULTS: In line with observations from the Americas and elsewhere, the single-wave Cabo Verdean ZIKV epidemic was characterized by a basic reproductive number of 1.85 (95% CI, 1.5 - 2.2), with overall the attack rate of 51.1% (range 42.1 - 61.1) and observation rate of 2.7% (range 2.29 - 3.33). CONCLUSION: Current herd-immunity may not be sufficient to prevent future small-to-medium epidemics in Cabo Verde. Together with a small observation rate, these results highlight the need for rapid and integrated epidemiological, molecular and genomic surveillance to tackle forthcoming outbreaks of ZIKV and other arboviruses.

5.
Malar J ; 5: 32, 2006 Apr 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16630349

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Malaria has come near eradication at archipelago of Cabo Verde in 1970. Infections are now only observed in Santiago, where outbreaks occur. In these islands, malaria is considered by the international community as being of limited risk and, therefore, no prophylaxis is recommended. Since the understanding of factors that determine malaria outbreaks are crucial for controlling the disease, the present study aimed to investigate if the malaria infections observed in Santiago Island are maintained in isolated foci and in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS: The occurrence of asymptomatic carriers in villages with history of malaria as well as the level of exposure of these populations were investigated using PCR and serological analyses. RESULTS: Results indicate that malaria is maintained as asymptomatic and sub-patent infections and that the majority of the circulating parasite populations harbour chloroquine-resistant mutations. CONCLUSION: These observations highlight the alarming prospect of malaria to become a serious public health problem and underscore the need for a tighter surveillance.


Asunto(s)
Portador Sano/epidemiología , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Plasmodium falciparum/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Antimaláricos/farmacología , Portador Sano/parasitología , Cloroquina/farmacología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/parasitología , Resistencia a Medicamentos/genética , Humanos , Malaria Falciparum/parasitología , Plasmodium falciparum/clasificación , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Plasmodium falciparum/inmunología , Senegal/epidemiología
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