FERONIA controls pectin- and nitric oxide-mediated male-female interaction.

Species that propagate by sexual reproduction actively guard against the fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm (polyspermy). Flowering plants rely on pollen tubes to transport their immotile sperm to fertilize the female gametophytes inside ovules. In Arabidopsis, pollen tubes are guided by cysteine-rich chemoattractants to target the female gametophyte1,2. The FERONIA receptor kinase has a dual role in ensuring sperm delivery and blocking polyspermy3. It has previously been reported that FERONIA generates a female gametophyte environment that is required for sperm release4. Here we show that FERONIA controls several functionally linked conditions to prevent the penetration of female gametophytes by multiple pollen tubes in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that FERONIA is crucial for maintaining de-esterified pectin at the filiform apparatus, a region of the cell wall at the entrance to the female gametophyte. Pollen tube arrival at the ovule triggers the accumulation of nitric oxide at the filiform apparatus in a process that is dependent on FERONIA and mediated by de-esterified pectin. Nitric oxide nitrosates both precursor and mature forms of the chemoattractant LURE11, respectively blocking its secretion and interaction with its receptor, to suppress pollen tube attraction. Our results elucidate a mechanism controlled by FERONIA in which the arrival of the first pollen tube alters ovular conditions to disengage pollen tube attraction and prevent the approach and penetration of the female gametophyte by late-arriving pollen tubes, thus averting polyspermy.

Assessing the Accuracy and Reproducibility of PARIETAL: A Deep Learning Brain Extraction Algorithm.

BACKGROUND: Manual brain extraction from magnetic resonance (MR) images is time-consuming and prone to intra- and inter-rater variability. Several automated approaches have been developed to alleviate these constraints, including deep learning pipelines. However, these methods tend to reduce their performance in unseen magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner vendors and different imaging protocols. PURPOSE: To present and evaluate for clinical use PARIETAL, a pre-trained deep learning brain extraction method. We compare its reproducibility in a scan/rescan analysis and its robustness among scanners of different manufacturers. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: Twenty-one subjects (12 women) with age range 22-48 years acquired using three different MRI scanner machines including scan/rescan in each of them. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: T1-weighted images acquired in a 3-T Siemens with magnetization prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence and two 1.5 T scanners, Philips and GE, with spin-echo and spoiled gradient-recalled (SPGR) sequences, respectively. ASSESSMENT: Analysis of the intracranial cavity volumes obtained for each subject on the three different scanners and the scan/rescan acquisitions. STATISTICAL TESTS: Parametric permutation tests of the differences in volumes to rank and statistically evaluate the performance of PARIETAL compared to state-of-the-art methods. RESULTS: The mean absolute intracranial volume differences obtained by PARIETAL in the scan/rescan analysis were 1.88 mL, 3.91 mL, and 4.71 mL for Siemens, GE, and Philips scanners, respectively. PARIETAL was the best-ranked method on Siemens and GE scanners, while decreasing to Rank 2 on the Philips images. Intracranial differences for the same subject between scanners were 5.46 mL, 27.16 mL, and 30.44 mL for GE/Philips, Siemens/Philips, and Siemens/GE comparison, respectively. The permutation tests revealed that PARIETAL was always in Rank 1, obtaining the most similar volumetric results between scanners. DATA CONCLUSION: PARIETAL accurately segments the brain and it generalizes to images acquired at different sites without the need of training or fine-tuning it again. PARIETAL is publicly available. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.

SIPP, a Novel Mitochondrial Phosphate Carrier, Mediates in Self-Incompatibility.

In Solanaceae, the S-specific interaction between the pistil S-RNase and the pollen S-Locus F-box protein controls self-incompatibility (SI). Although this interaction defines the specificity of the pollen rejection response, the identification of three pistil essential modifier genes unlinked to the S-locus (HT-B, 120K, and NaStEP) unveils a higher degree of complexity in the pollen rejection pathway. We showed previously that NaStEP, a stigma protein with homology with Kunitz-type protease inhibitors, is essential to SI in Nicotiana spp. During pollination, NaStEP is taken up by pollen tubes, where potential interactions with pollen tube proteins might underlie its function. Here, we identified NaSIPP, a mitochondrial protein with phosphate transporter activity, as a novel NaStEP-interacting protein. Coexpression of NaStEP and NaSIPP in pollen tubes showed interaction in the mitochondria, although when expressed alone, NaStEP remains mostly cytosolic, implicating NaSIPP-mediated translocation of NaStEP into the organelle. The NaSIPP transcript is detected specifically in mature pollen of Nicotiana spp.; however, in self-compatible plants, this gene has accumulated mutations, so its coding region is unlikely to produce a functional protein. RNA interference suppression of NaSIPP in Nicotiana spp. pollen grains disrupts the SI by preventing pollen tube inhibition. Taken together, our results are consistent with a model whereby the NaStEP and NaSIPP interaction, in incompatible pollen tubes, might destabilize the mitochondria and contribute to arrest pollen tube growth.

Identification of novel genetic variants in the mutational hotspot region 14 kb upstream of the LCT gene in a Mexican population.

Several polymorphic loci linked to lactase persistence (LP) have been described, all located in a small mutational hotspot region far upstream (∼14 kb) of the lactase (LCT) gene. One is typically found in Europeans, LCT -13910C > T, several others are found in East Africans and Arabs, e.g. LCT -13907C > G and LCT -13915T > G. The possibility of similar loci, specific to populations in South and Central America, has not received much attention so far. To identify possible novel polymorphisms in the mutational hotspot region, we sampled 158 subjects from a rural area in South-Central Mexico. DNA was isolated from serum, and Sanger sequencing of a 501 bp region spanning the LCT -13910C > T hotspot was successfully performed in 150 samples. The frequency of the European-type LCT -13910 T-allele was q = 0.202, and 35% of the population was thus lactase-persistent (CT or TT). Sixteen novel genetic variants were found amongst 11 of the subjects, all were heterozygotes: seven of the subjects were also carriers of at least one LCT -13910 T-allele. Thus, the mutational hotspot region is also a hotspot in the rural Mexican population: 11/150 subjects carried a total of 16 previously unknown private mutations but no novel polymorphism was found. The relationship between such novel genetic variants in Mexicans and lactase persistence is worthy of more investigation.

Evaluating the use of synthetic T1-w images in new T2 lesion detection in multiple sclerosis.

The assessment of disease activity using serial brain MRI scans is one of the most valuable strategies for monitoring treatment response in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying treatments. Recently, several deep learning approaches have been proposed to improve this analysis, obtaining a good trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, especially when using T1-w and T2-FLAIR images as inputs. However, the need to acquire two different types of images is time-consuming, costly and not always available in clinical practice. In this paper, we investigate an approach to generate synthetic T1-w images from T2-FLAIR images and subsequently analyse the impact of using original and synthetic T1-w images on the performance of a state-of-the-art approach for longitudinal MS lesion detection. We evaluate our approach on a dataset containing 136 images from MS patients, and 73 images with lesion activity (the appearance of new T2 lesions in follow-up scans). To evaluate the synthesis of the images, we analyse the structural similarity index metric and the median absolute error and obtain consistent results. To study the impact of synthetic T1-w images, we evaluate the performance of the new lesion detection approach when using (1) both T2-FLAIR and T1-w original images, (2) only T2-FLAIR images, and (3) both T2-FLAIR and synthetic T1-w images. Sensitivities of 0.75, 0.63, and 0.81, respectively, were obtained at the same false-positive rate (0.14) for all experiments. In addition, we also present the results obtained when using the data from the international MSSEG-2 challenge, showing also an improvement when including synthetic T1-w images. In conclusion, we show that the use of synthetic images can support the lack of data or even be used instead of the original image to homogenize the contrast of the different acquisitions in new T2 lesions detection algorithms.

In Vivo Rate of Formaldehyde Condensation with Tetrahydrofolate.

Formaldehyde is a highly reactive compound that participates in multiple spontaneous reactions, but these are mostly deleterious and damage cellular components. In contrast, the spontaneous condensation of formaldehyde with tetrahydrofolate (THF) has been proposed to contribute to the assimilation of this intermediate during growth on C1 carbon sources such as methanol. However, the in vivo rate of this condensation reaction is unknown and its possible contribution to growth remains elusive. Here, we used microbial platforms to assess the rate of this condensation in the cellular environment. We constructed Escherichia coli strains lacking the enzymes that naturally produce 5,10-methylene-THF. These strains were able to grow on minimal medium only when equipped with a sarcosine (N-methyl-glycine) oxidation pathway that sustained a high cellular concentration of formaldehyde, which spontaneously reacts with THF to produce 5,10-methylene-THF. We used flux balance analysis to derive the rate of the spontaneous condensation from the observed growth rate. According to this, we calculated that a microorganism obtaining its entire biomass via the spontaneous condensation of formaldehyde with THF would have a doubling time of more than three weeks. Hence, this spontaneous reaction is unlikely to serve as an effective route for formaldehyde assimilation.

Arabidopsis pollen tube integrity and sperm release are regulated by RALF-mediated signaling.

In flowering plants, fertilization requires complex cell-to-cell communication events between the pollen tube and the female reproductive tissues, which are controlled by extracellular signaling molecules interacting with receptors at the pollen tube surface. We found that two such receptors in Arabidopsis, BUPS1 and BUPS2, and their peptide ligands, RALF4 and RALF19, are pollen tube-expressed and are required to maintain pollen tube integrity. BUPS1 and BUPS2 interact with receptors ANXUR1 and ANXUR2 via their ectodomains, and both sets of receptors bind RALF4 and RALF19. These receptor-ligand interactions are in competition with the female-derived ligand RALF34, which induces pollen tube bursting at nanomolar concentrations. We propose that RALF34 replaces RALF4 and RALF19 at the interface of pollen tube-female gametophyte contact, thereby deregulating BUPS-ANXUR signaling and in turn leading to pollen tube rupture and sperm release.

Plantas que curan y descolonialidad. prácticas cotidianas comunitarias de las mujeres, en Montes de Maria / Plantas que curam e decolonialidade. práticas cotidianas comunitárias das mulheres, em Montes de Maria / Plants that cure and decoloniality: practices of everyday life communitary of women, in Montes de Maria

RESUMEN. El artículo parte de las reflexiones de la investigación de Doctorado Grupalidad curadora. Descolonialidad de saberes-prácticas campesinas y afroindígenas en Montes de María (Caribe colombiano); interesada, desde una perspectiva descolonial, por aquellos saberes para curar que fueron excluidos por la ciencia moderna y colonial, silenciando el potencial que entraña la comunidad. Nos centramos en las prácticas cotidianas como curar con plantas que utilizan las mujeres campesinas en las comunidades San Francisco, Medellín y Villa Colombia (Ovejas-Sucre). Las herramientas y técnicas fueron el mapeo de saberes y prácticas comunitarias, entrevistas colectivas, observaciones y recorridos comunitarios por las veredas y las huertas; también el diario de campo, como herramienta de apoyo para el registro y la descripción. El método de análisis cualitativo de la información, privilegió el punto de vista de la experiencia de las mujeres. Los aportes descoloniales orientaron nuestras reflexiones y el análisis del material de campo sobre los saberes y prácticas de cura. En el conocimiento silenciado que reside en las prácticas cotidianas de las mujeres campesinas estarían las claves para curar los dolores de la guerra en los territorios colombianos; lo que justifica una reflexión y un aprendizaje para la academia, en particular, para la Psicología Comunitaria.

RESUMO. O artigo parte das reflexões de pesquisa de doutorado Grupalidade Curadora. Descolonialidade dos saberes-práticas camponesas e afroindígenas em Montes de Maria (Caribe colombiano), interessada, a partir de uma perspectiva descolonial, esses saberes para curar que foram excluídos pela ciência moderna e colonial, silenciando o potencial envolvido na comunidade. Focalizamos as práticas cotidianas como curar com plantas usadas pelas mulheres camponesas nas comunidades San Francisco, Medellín e Villa Colombia (Ovejas-Sucre). As ferramentas e técnicas eram mapeamento de saberes e práticas comunitárias, entrevistas coletivas, observações e visitas comunitárias pelos caminhos e hortas; também o diário de campo, como ferramenta de apoio ao registro e descrição. O método de análise qualitativa da informação privilegiou o ponto de vista e a experiência das mulheres. Aportes descoloniais orientaram nossas reflexões e a análise do material de campo sobre os saberes e práticas de cura. No conhecimento silenciado que reside nas práticas cotidianas, haveria as chaves para curar as dores da guerra nos territórios colombianos; o que justifica uma reflexão e um aprendizado para a academia, em especial, para a Psicologia Comunitária.

ABSTRACT. This article originates from the PhD research Groupality curator: Decoloniality of peasant and afro-indigenous knowledge/practices in Montes de Maria (Colombian Caribbean); from a decolonial perspective, it is interested on the knowledge of cure that were excluded by modern/colonial science. Ando as a consequence, it has silenced the potential of the community. The central point of our study are the practices of everyday life related to cure with medicinal plants that are employed by peasant women in the communities of San Francisco, Medellin and Villa Colombia (Ovejas-Sucre). The tools and techniques we used were mapping community knowledge and practices, collective interviews, observations, trips along the countryside roads and vegetable gardens, and, finally, a field diary—as support tool for registration and description. The method of qualitative analysis of information privileges the point of view and experience of woman. The decolonial contributions enabled us to direct our reflections and analyses of the field material toward knowledge and practices of cura. In the silenced knowledge that resides in the practices of everyday life of peasant women would be the keys to heal the pains of war in the Colombian territories; which justifies a reflection and learning for the academy, in particular, for Community Psychology.

El lumbalú y las mujeres tejedoras de lo espiritual y comunitario / O lumbalú e as mulheres tecelantes do espiritual e comunitário / The lumbalú and the weaving women of the spiritual and community

Resumen Este artículo, de naturaleza teórica, aborda el Lumbalú, una práctica fúnebre de matriz africana en San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia). Se trata de una forma de grupalidad curadora, como potencial terapéutico con el que cuentan algunas comunidades para contener la experiencia emocional; ámbito de estudio en el que se enmarca el presente artículo. El Lumbalú es expresión de la resistencia afrodiaspórica, que conecta con lo sagrado y donde las mujeres son las hiladoras del tejido espiritual y comunitario. Invitamos a las disciplinas psicológicas y a las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas a la apertura epistemológica y descolonial hacia otras formas comunitarias de comprensión de la muerte, en contextos de guerra, violencia política, neoliberalismo y racismo, en Améfrica.

Resumo Este artigo, de natureza teórica, é sobre Lumbalú, uma prática funerária da matriz africana em San Basilio de Palenque (Colômbia). É uma forma de grupalidade curadora, como potencial terapêutico que algumas comunidades têm para conter a experiência emocional; campo de estudo em que este artigo está enquadrado. O Lumbalú é expressão da resistência afrodiaspórica, que se conecta com o sagrado e na qual as mulheres são quem fiam o tecido espiritual e comunitário. Convidamos as disciplinas psicológicas e as Ciências Sociais e Humanas à abertura epistemológica e descolonial em direção a outras formas comunitárias de compreensão da morte, em contextos de guerra, violência política, neoliberalismo e racismo, na Améfrica.

Abstract This article, of a theoretical nature, is about Lumbalú, a funerary practice of African matrix in San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia). It is a form of Curator grupality, as a therapeutic potential that some communities have to contain emotional experience; scope of study in which this article is framed. The Lumbalú is an expression of afro-diasporic resistance, which connects with the sacred and where women are the spinners of the spiritual and community fabric. We invite the psychological disciplines and the Social and Human Sciences to epistemological and decolonial opening towards other community forms of understanding death, in contexts of war, political violence, neoliberalism and racism, in Amefrica.

Identidade quilombola: atuações no cotidiano de mulheres quilombolas no agreste de alagoas / Identidad quilombola: actuaciones en el cotidiano de mujeres quilombolas en el agreste de alagoas / Quilombola identity: actuations in daily of women quilombolas in the agreste of alagoas

RESUMO O presente trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa de campo e caracteriza-se por um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo exploratório, que teve por objetivo analisar a atuação da identidade quilombola no cotidiano de mulheres de um quilombo do agreste de Alagoas. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro etapas sendo elas: 1- revisão bibliográfica; 2- inserção no campo de pesquisa; 3- coleta e análise das informações; 4- devolutiva da pesquisa às participantes e comunidade. As participantes da pesquisa foram três mulheres: uma jovem (20 anos), uma adulta (47 anos) e uma idosa (71 anos). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dois temas: as vivências do cotidiano enquanto mulheres negras quilombolas; e os sentidos produzidos pelas entrevistadas sobre a identidade quilombola. Após transcritas, as entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo que permitiu a produção de duas categorias temáticas: a) as vivências de opressão de mulheres negras quilombolas; b) diversidade de sentido sobre a identidade quilombola. As narrativas das mulheres permitiram compreender o quilombo como lugar de afirmação de seus modos de vida enquanto mulher negra, bem como o espaço de reprodução de lógicas de opressão frente à interseccionalidade dos marcadores étnico-raciais e de gênero. Houve também diferença geracional quanto ao modo de compreensão da identidade quilombola na vida da jovem e da idosa participante. Cabe compreender as especificidades com que cada comunidade e seus membros interpretam a identidade quilombola em seu viver e fazer, no entendimento que ela pode atuar como um potencializador na afirmação destes territórios negros.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo es parte de una investigación de campo y se caracteriza por un estudio de caso de carácter cualitativo exploratorio, que tuvo por objetivo analizar la actuación de la identidad quilombola en la cotidianidad de mujeres de un quilombo del agreste de Alagoas. La investigación fue realizada en cuatro etapas siendo ellas: 1- revisión bibliográfica; 2- inserción en el campo; 3- recolección y análisis de la información; 4- devolución de la investigación a las participantes y comunidad. Las participantes de la investigación fueron 03 mujeres: 01 joven (20 años), 01 adulta (47 años) y 01 anciana (71 años). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con dos temas: las vivencias de lo cotidiano como mujeres negras quilombolas y los sentidos producidos por las entrevistadas sobre la identidad quilombola. Después de transcritas, las entrevistas fueron sometidas al análisis de contenido que permitió la producción de dos categorías temáticas: a) las vivencias de opresión de mujeres negras quilombolas; b) diversidad de producciones de sentido sobre la identidad quilombola. Las narrativas de las mujeres permitieron comprender el quilombo como lugar de afirmación de sus modos de vida como mujeres negras, así como, espacio de reproducción de lógicas de opresión frente a la interseccionalidad de los marcadores étnico-raciales y de género. También hubo una diferencia generacional en cuanto al modo de comprensión de la identidad quilombola en la vida de la joven y de la anciana participante. Cabe comprender las especificidades con que cada comunidad y sus miembros interpretan la identidad quilombola en su vivir y hacer, en el entendimiento que ella puede actuar como un potencializador en la afirmación de estos territorios negros.

ABSTRACT. The present study is part of a field research and is characterized by a qualitative, exploratory case study, whose objective was to analyze the performance of the quilombola identity in the daily life of women from a quilombo in the agreste of the State of Alagoas. The research was conducted in four stages: 1 - literature review; 2- insertion in the research field; 3 - collection and analysis of information; 4- feedback of the research to the participants and the community. The participants were 03 women: 01 young (20 years), 01 adult (47 years) and 01 elderly (71 years). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two themes: daily life experiences as black quilombola women; and the meanings produced by interviewees about the quilombola identity. After transcription, the interviews were analyzed by content analysis methods and produced two thematic categories: a) experiences of oppression of black quilombola women; b) diversity of meaning about quilombola identity. Women understand the quilombo as a place of affirmation of their ways of life as black women, as well as a place of reproduction of logics of oppression against the intersectionality of ethnic-racial and gender markers. There was also a generational difference as to the way of understanding the quilombola identity in the life of the young woman and the elderly participant. It is necessary to understand the specificities with which each community and its members interpret the quilombola identity in their lives and activities, in the understanding that it can work as an enhancer in the affirmation of these black territories.

A diagramatic scale to quantify severity of antracnose in Rubus glaucus Benth / Uma escala diagramática para quantificar a severidade da antracnose em Rubus glaucus Benth

ABSTRACT: Rubus glaucus Benth, commonly referred to as mora de Castilla, is affected by Colletotrichum acutatum, as it induces anthracnose in many of the plant organs. Generally, it affects the fruits during the post-harvest phase and damages them, causing economic losses due to the poor crop quality. At present, no standardized methods are available for this pathosystem that can be used to characterize quantitatively the epidemic and to permit the prediction and comparison of the disease management techniques. In this research, we proposed a logarithmic diagrammatic scale of the severity of anthracnose induced by C. acutatum in the fruits of the thornless variety of R. glaucus Benth. This scale is constructed on the adjustment of the Weber-Fechner law and includes six classes, viz., 0%, 1-6%, 7-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 76-100%. The scale was validated using 14 evaluators, which entailed measuring the affected fruits with and without utilizing the scale; this improved the precision, accuracy and reproducibility of the calculations whenever the scale was used. We concluded that the scale proposed can be used to assess the severity of anthracnose induced by the fungus in the R. glaucus Benth fruits.

RESUMO: Mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth) é afetado por Colletotrichum acutatum, causando antracnose em órgãos diferentes da planta. Nos frutos geralmente é em pós-colheita, causando danos que geram perdas econômicas relacionadas com a qualidade das culturas. Ainda não existem para esse patossistema métodos padronizados para caracterizar quantitativamente a epidemia e que pode prever e comparar os métodos de manejo da doença. Por esta razão, neste trabalho foi criada uma escala logarítmica diagramática da severidade da antracnose causada pelo fungo C. acutatum em frutos de R. glaucus Benth com base na lei de Weber-Fechnere composto por 6 niveis: 0%, 1-6%, 7-25%, 26-50%, 51-75% e 76-100%. A escala foi validada por 14 evaluadores, fazendo medições de frutos afetados com e sem o uso da escala, que mostrou melhor precisão, exatitude e reproducibilidade nas avaliações em que o uso da escala foi feito. Isto permite concluir que a escala proposta pode ser usada na estimação da severidade da antracnose causada em frutos de R. glaucus Benth.

Colonialidad y Psicología: el desarraigo de la sabiduría / Colonialidade e Psicologia: o desarragaimento dos saberes / Coloniality and Psychology: the uprooting of knowledge

En este artigo teórico abordamos algunas alternativas al desarraigo del saber, herencia colonial que se actualiza en la Psicología. De las distintas consecuencias del colonialismo en Latinoamérica, nos interesa el desarraigo de la sabiduría de las comunidades en la construcción de la ciencia. Ofrecemos pistas para una noción de sanación ampliada en el contexto comunitario. Proponemos, como una de las maneras de salir del estado de colonización epistémica en el trabajo comunitario, la noción de grupalidad curadora.

Neste artigo teórico, abordamos algumas alternativas ao desenraizamento do conhecimento, uma herança colonial atualizada na Psicologia. Dentre as diferentes consequências do colonialismo na América Latina, estamos interessados em problematizar o desenraizamento dos saberes das comunidades na construção da ciência. Oferecemos pistas para uma noção de cura expandida no contexto da comunidade. Propomos como uma das formas de deixar o estado de colonização epistêmica no trabalho comunitário a noção de grupalidade curadora.

In this theoretical article we address some alternatives to the uprootedness of knowledge, a colonial inheritance that is updated in Psychology. Of the different consequences of colonialism in Latin America, we are interested in the uprooting of the wisdom of the oppressed in the construction of science. We bring clues to a notion of expanded healing in community context. We propose as one of the ways of leaving the state of colonization epistemic in community work the notion of curator groupality.

Jóvenes, grupo y arte: las personas jóvenes y el arte re-unidos / Youth, group and art. Young people and art re-united / Jovem, grupo e arte. Os jóvens e o arte re-unidos

Resumen (descriptivo): Analizamos prácticas grupales que sanan y aportan a los procesos de reconfiguración psicosocial y cambio social. Presentamos los resultados de investigación, desde una perspectiva interpretativa, de la relación entre jóvenes, grupo y arte. En particular, reflexionamos en torno a lo grupal y el arte contemporáneo en la reconfiguración de experiencias en jóvenes. Apuntalamos la metodología en la perspectiva cualitativa, por el interés en los significados de la realidad desde los sujetos. Incluimos la observación de la iniciativa juvenil Laboratorios por la Paz (Suba-Bogotá), inspirada en la técnica psicoanalítica poskleiniana Observación de bebés. La estrategia de análisis corresponde a la hermenéutica-interpretativa.El artículo concluye que ante la estigmatización que experimentan las personas jóvenes en Colombia, el grupo y el arte se configuran en estrategias de apoyo y resignificación emocional.

Abstract (descriptive): We analyze group practices that heal and contribute to the processes of psychosocial reconfiguration and social change. In this opportunity, we present the results of research from an interpretive perspective, the relationship between youth, group and art. In particular, we reflect on the group and the contemporary art in the reconfiguration of experiences in young people. The methodology was underpinned in the qualitative perspective, by the interest in the meanings of reality from the subjects. It included the observation of the Juvenile Initiative Laboratories for Peace (Suba-Bogotá), inspired by the postkleinian psychoanalytic observation of babies. The analysis strategy was hermeneutic-interpretive. The article concludes that before the stigmatization that the young people in Colombia experience, the group and the art are configured in strategies of support and emotional resignification.

Resumo (descritivo): Analizamos práticas grupales que sanan e aportan a processos de reconfiguração psicosocial e cambio social. Nesta oportunidade, apresenta os resultados de investigação de uma perspectiva interpretativa, da relação entre jóvens, grupo e arte. Em particular, reflexionamos no torno e o grupal e o arte contemporâneo na reconfiguração de experiências em jóvens. A metodologia se apuntaló na perspectiva qualitativa, pelo interesse nos significados da realidade desde os sujeitos. Incluíram a observação da iniciativa juvenil Laboratorios por a paz (Suba-Bogotá), inspirada na técnica psicoanalítica poskleiniana Observação de bebés. A estratégia de análise foi hermenéutica-interpretativa. O artigo concluye que ante a estigmatização que experimentam os jóvens na Colômbia, o grupo e a arte se configura em estratégias de apoio e resignificação emocional.

Accurate diagnose and management of advanced nasal type extranodal nk/t cell lymphoma. a case report

ABSTRACT Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, is a rare entity in otorhinolaryngology. Its management requires skilled physicians in order to suspect this disease and making a proper diagnosis at early stages. This paper reports the case of a 31-year-old male patient, with one month of nasal obstruction, recurrent sinusitis, palatal ulceration and a necrotizing lesion. Histopathology reported lymphoid infiltrate polymorph angiocentric growth pattern and extensive areas of necrosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the phenotype for T/NK cells: positive CD3, BCL2, CD4 and CD56. IgG for Epstein-Barr virus was also positive. The initial staging was T4, N1, M0, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale was 1, with intermediate risk, and low International Prognostic Index (IPI); based on this results, the patient was referred to oncology to initiate treatment. After a ten-month follow-up, the patient's condition improved, with complete remission of nasal and palate injuries; no relapse has occurred to date. This case is a clear example of the importance of early diagnostic through multiple biopsies in order to establish a specific treatment to decrease complication rates and improve prognosis.

Abordando las enfermedades respiratorias agudas en niños con un Enfoque Ecológico en la Comunidad / Addressing acute respiratory diseases in children with an ecological approach in the Community

Objetivos: Disminuir los episodios de enfermedad respiratoria aguda (ERA) en las familias, mediante un enfoque modificado del modelo ecológico de Morelatto para identificar y trabajar colectivamente determinantes que influyen en la salud respiratoria de niños y niñas. Materiales y Métodos: Durante el proceso se realizaron actividades encaminadas a prevenir las principales causas de ERA basadas en el modelo transteórico del comportamiento con el fin de generar cambios conductuales en las familias. Para ello se creó una escala de valoración del riesgo de ERA como instrumento de medición de la efectividad de las actividades realizadas, otorgándole a cada familia un puntaje antes y después de la intervención para determinar si hubo disminución del mismo. Resultados: Las actividades realizadas conducen a cambios evidenciados en las prácticas cotidianos de las madres y sus familias, reflejadas en la escala de valoración de riesgos a partir de la disminución de conductas que favorecen la enfermedad respiratoria aguda y sus complicaciones en la primera infancia afiliada a la FAR -Génesis. Conclusiones: Una menor exposición a eventos y complicaciones de la ERA en miembros de grupos familiares de la FAR -Génesis puede contribuir a mejorar la resiliencia y disminuir la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica de las familias afectadas regularmente por la ERA sus complicaciones.

Objectives: To reduce acute respiratory disease (ARD) in children under six years of age. An ecological model approach modified by Morelatto guided community actions to identify and improve respiratory health determinants. Materials and Methods: During this process activities were implemented to change behaviors at the family level, regarding respiratory health practices according to the trans theoretical model of behavior. A risk scoring scale was used as a tool to track change in respiratory health related practices. Results: Project activities lead to behavioral changes in daily practices related ot ARD in mothers and their families, traced through the risk scoring scale. This approach allowed a participatory intervention of determinants related to ARD at different levels to improve respiratory health of children under six years of age. Conclusions: Fewer episodes and complications of respiratory disease among households may improve resilience and reduce socioeconomic vulnerability of families previously exposed to frequent events and complications of acute respiratory disease.

Prácticas y experiencias colectivas ante la guerra y para la construcción de paz: iniciativas sociales de paz en Colombia / Practices and collective experiences in view of war and for the construction of peace: social initiatives of peace in Colombia

El presente texto propone un recorrido histórico de las llamadas iniciativas sociales que contribuyen a la construcción de paz en Colombia, desde las personas y colectivos afectados por las diversas modalidades de violencia, en el marco del conflicto socio-político y armado que vive Colombia. Se plantea una mirada de los actores que estudian la construcción de paz y la labor de los observatorios de paz en el país, se incluye una lectura a la Psicología académica (política) que acompaña las iniciativas, es decir, un acercamiento inicial entre las iniciativas sociales y la disciplina de la Psicología, como ámbito de estudio que interesa a la investigación en Psicología e iniciativas sociales de paz en Colombia.

The current text proposes a historical tour of the so-called social initiatives, which contribute to the construction of peace in Colombia, from people and groups who have been affected by the various forms of violence, within the frame of the sociopolitical and armed conflict that Colombia is going through. The text brings up a look at the actors who study the construction of peace and the work of the observatories of peace in the country. It also includes a reading to the academic (political) psychology, which accompanies the initiatives; that is to say, an introductory approach among the social initiatives and the discipline of psychology, as a field of study, which is of interest to research in psychology and the social initiatives for peace in Colombia.

Introducción a la Psicología de la guerra / An introduccion to the psychology of war

Por varias generaciones, colombianos y colombianas han vivido en un contexto, de violencia y de desigualdad socio-económica, agudizado por el conflicto político-armado. Este clima afecta cada vez más la vida cotidiana, la propia subjetividad y se manifiesta en efectos psicosociales diversos.La Psicología, por excelencia, área del conocimiento de lo humano, permite comprender los mecanismos psíquicos que operan en los conflictos armados, sus efectos y traumas psicosociales. Igualmente, brinda la posibilidad de plantear iniciativas terapéuticas. Por tanto, y conociendo los contextos de nuestras comunidades, la Psicología de la guerra se convierte en un tema imperativo para aquello/as interesado/as y comprometido/as en el acompañamiento de las personas y comunidades afectadas directa o indirectamente; por tanto este artículo pretende dar un breve vistazo a los elementos que podrían hacer parte del estudio de la Psicología en contextos de violencia política...